1,149
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Dark mode vogue: Do light-on-dark displays have measurable benefits to users?

&
Pages 1814-1828 | Received 22 Aug 2022, Accepted 14 Dec 2022, Published online: 01 Jan 2023

References

  • Android Developers. n.d. Dark Theme. Android Developers. Retrieved February 05, from https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/look-and-feel/darktheme.
  • Apple. 2020. How to Use Dark Mode on Your MAC. November 12. Retrieved February May 2021 from https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208976.
  • Archtoolbox. 2021. “Recommended Lighting Levels in Buildings.” March 7. www.archtoolbox.com. https://www.archtoolbox.com/recommended-lighting-levels/.
  • Bradley, M. M., L. Miccoli, M. A. Escrig, and P. J. Lang. 2008. “The Pupil as a Measure of Emotional Arousal and Autonomic Activation.” Psychophysiology 45 (4): 602–607. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00654.x.
  • Buchner, A., and N. Baumgartner. 2007. “Text–Background Polarity Affects Performance Irrespective of Ambient Illumination and Colour Contrast.” Ergonomics 50 (7): 1036–1063. doi:10.1080/00140130701306413.
  • Burmistrov, I., T. Zlokazova, I. Ishmuratova, and M. Semenova. 2016. October). “Legibility of Light and Ultra-Light Fonts: Eyetracking Study.”  Proceedings of the 9th Nordic conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 1–6.
  • DeLeeuw, K. E., and R. E. Mayer. 2008. “A Comparison of Three Measures of Cognitive Load: Evidence for Separable Measures of Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Load.” Journal of Educational Psychology 100 (1): 223–234. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.100.1.223.
  • Desmet, P. M., P. Hekkert, and J. J. Jacobs. 2000. “When a Car Makes You Smile: Development and Application of an Instrument to Measure Product Emotions.” In NA - Advances in Consumer Research, edited by Stephen J. Hoch and Robert J. Meyer, 111–117. Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Dobres, J., N. Chahine, B. Reimer, D. Gould, B. Mehler, and J. F. Coughlin. 2016. “Utilising Psychophysical Techniques to Investigate the Effects of Age, Typeface Design, Size and Display Polarity on Glance Legibility.” Ergonomics 59 (10): 1377–1391. doi:10.1080/00140139.2015.1137637.
  • Eisfeld, H., and F. Kristallovich. 2020. “The Rise of Dark Mode: A Qualitative Study of an Emerging User Interface Design Trend.” [Dissertation, Jonkoping University]. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn = urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50563.
  • Erickson, A., K. Kim, G. Bruder, and G. F. Welch. (2020). “Effects of Dark Mode Graphics on Visual Acuity and Fatigue with Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays.” In 2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), 434–442. IEEE.
  • Federal Aviation Administration. 2019. “Guide for Aviation Medical Examiners.” May 31, Retrieved from https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/aam/ame/guide/app_process/exam_tech/item51/et/
  • Gazepoint. 2021. “GP3 Eye Tracking Professional Bundle – Upgrade Your Gaze Tracking Research.” September 20. https://www.gazept.com/product/analysis-pro-bundle/.
  • Guillon, M., K. Dumbleton, P. Theodoratos, M. Gobbe, C. B. Wooley, and K. Moody. 2016. “The Effects of Age, Refractive Status, and Luminance on Pupil Size.” Optometry and Vision Science 93 (9): 1093–100. doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000000893.
  • Hall, R. H., and P. Hanna, P. 2004. “The Impact of Web Page Text-Background Colour Combinations on Readability, Retention, Aesthetics and Behavioural Intention.” Behaviour & Information Technology 23 (3): 183–195. doi:10.1080/01449290410001669932.
  • Heiting, G. 2000. “How to Find Your Dominant Eye + Why You’d Want To.” All about Vision. https://www.allaboutvision.com/resources/dominant-eye-test.htm.
  • Humar, I., M. Gradisar, T. Turk, and J. Erjavec. 2014. “The Impact of Color Combinations on the Legibility of Text Presented on LCDs.” Applied Ergonomics 45 (6): 1510–1517. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2014.04.013.
  • Kahneman, D., and J. Beatty. 1966. “Pupil Diameter and Load on Memory.” Science 154 (3756): 1583–1585. doi:10.1126/science.154.3756.1583.
  • Kuperman, V., M. Dambacher, A. Nuthmann, and R. Kliegl. 2010. “The Effect of Word Position on Eye-Movements in Sentence and Paragraph Reading.” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 63 (9): 1838–1857. doi:10.1080/17470211003602412.
  • Lamb, T. D., and E. N. Pugh, Jr. 2004. “Dark Adaptation and the Retinoid Cycle of Vision.” Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 23 (3): 307–380. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.03.001.
  • Larsen, R. S., and J. Waters. 2018. “Neuromodulatory Correlates of Pupil Dilation.” Frontiers in Neural Circuits 12: 21. doi:10.3389/fncir.2018.00021.
  • Laurans, G., and P. M. Desmet. 2017. “Developing 14 Animated Characters for Non-Verbal Self-Report of Categorical Emotions.” Journal of Design Research 15 (3/4): 214–233. doi:10.1504/JDR.2017.089903.
  • Lin, C. C. 2005. “Effects of Screen Luminance Combination and Text Color on Visual Performance with TFT-LCD.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 35 (3): 229–235. doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2004.09.002.
  • Lin, Y., W. J. Zhang, and L. G. Watson. 2001. “Framework of Human-Machine Interface Design.” Human Friendly Mechatronics, 61. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
  • Mayr, S., and A. Buchner. 2010. “After-Effects of TFT-LCD Display Polarity and Display Colour on the Detection of Low-Contrast Objects.” Ergonomics 53 (7): 914–925. doi:10.1080/00140139.2010.484508.
  • Microsoft. 2021. “Understanding and Interpreting Lux Values – Win32 apps. Docs.microsoft.com., January 7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sensorsapi/understanding-and-interpreting-lux-values.
  • Paas, F. G. 1992. “Training Strategies for Attaining Transfer of Problem-Solving Skill in Statistics: A Cognitive-Load Approach.” Journal of Educational Psychology 84 (4): 429–434. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.84.4.429.
  • Paas, F., J. E. Tuovinen, H. Tabbers, and P. W. Van Gerven. 2003. “Cognitive Load Measurement as a Means to Advance Cognitive Load Theory.” Educational Psychologist 38 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1207/S15326985EP3801_8.
  • Piepenbrock, C., S. Mayr, and A. Buchner. 2014. “Smaller Pupil Size and Better Proofreading Performance with Positive than with Negative Polarity Displays.” Ergonomics 57 (11): 1670–1677. doi:10.1080/00140139.2014.948496.
  • Piepenbrock, C., S. Mayr, I. Mund, and A. Buchner. 2013. “Positive Display Polarity is Advantageous for Both Younger and Older Adults.” Ergonomics 56 (7): 1116–1124. doi:10.1080/00140139.2013.790485.
  • Pomplun, M., E. M. Reingold, and J. Shen. 2001. “Investigating the Visual Span in Comparative Search: The Effects of Task Difficulty and Divided Attention.” Cognition 81 (2): B57–B67. doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(01)00123-8.
  • Purcell, K., J. Buchanan, and L. Friedrich. 2013. “Part III: Teachers See Digital Tools Affecting Student Writing in Myriad Ways.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech, July 16. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2013/07/16/part-iii-teachers-see-digital-tools-affecting-student-writing-in-myriad-ways/#:∼:text = Technology%20has%20increased%20the%20amount.
  • Ramakrishnan, P., B. Balasingam, and F. Biondi. 2021. "Cognitive Load Estimation for Adaptive Human–Machine System Automation." In Learning Control, edited by Dan Zhang, Bin Wei, 35–58. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
  • Rempel, A. G. 2012. “Perceptual Considerations for Displays Under Varying Ambient Illumination.” Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia.
  • Rosenbaum, D. A. 2009. Human Motor Control. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Academic Press.
  • Salas, A. I. 2021. “Messenger Kids Introduces Dark Mode and Fun Expressions Features.” Messenger News, December 6. https://messengernews.fb.com/2021/12/06/messenger-kids-introduces-dark-mode-and-fun-expressions-features/#:%7E:text=Kids%20can%20turn%20on%20dark,based%20on%20their%20phone%20settings.
  • Shieh, K. K., and C. C. Lin. 2000. “Effects of Screen Type, Ambient Illumination, and Color Combination on VDT Visual Performance and Subjective Preference.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 26 (5): 527–536. doi:10.1016/S0169-8141(00)00025-1.
  • Spector, R. H. 1990. “The Pupils.” 3rd edition. In Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations, edited by H. Kenneth Walker, W. Dallas Hall, J. Willis Hurst. Boston: Butterworths.
  • Steiner, T. 2019. “Let There be Darkness!” Retrieved February 05, 2021, from https://medium.com/dev-channel/let-there-be-darkness-maybe-9facd9c3023d.
  • Sweller, J., P. Ayres, and S. Kalyuga. (2011). Measuring Cognitive Load. In Cognitive Load Theory. Explorations in the Learning Sciences, Instructional Systems and Performance Technologies, edited by Jose P. Mestre, Brian H. Ross. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Wang, A. H., J. J. Fang, and C. H. Chen. 2003. “Effects of VDT Leading-Display Design on Visual Performance of Users in Handling Static and Dynamic Display Information Dual-Tasks.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 32 (2): 93–104. doi:10.1016/S0169-8141(03)00041-6.
  • Xie, X., F. Song, Y. Liu, S. Wang, and D. Yu. 2021. “Study on the Effects of Display Color Mode and Luminance Contrast on Visual Fatigue.” IEEE Access. 9: 35915–35923. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3061770.
  • Zagermann, J., U. Pfeil, and H. Reiterer. 2016. “Measuring Cognitive Load Using Eye Tracking Technology in Visual Computing.” In Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors on Novel Evaluation Methods for Visualization, 78–85.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.