84
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Dead space in the breathing apparatus; interaction with ventilation

&
Pages 1745-1758 | Published online: 27 Mar 2007

References

  • BARLETT , H. L. , HODGSON , J. L. and KOLLIAS , J. 1972 , Effect of respiratory valve dead space on pulmonary ventilation at rest and during exercise , Medicine and Science in Sports , 4 , 132 – 137 .
  • BORG , G. 1970 , Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress , Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , 2 ( 3 ), 92 – 98 .
  • DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, GREAT BRITAIN AND THE NORWEGIAN PETROLEUM DIRECTORATE 1984 , Draft guidelines for minimum performance requirements and standard unmanned test procedures for underwater breathing apparatus .
  • HESSER , C. M. , ADOLFSON , J. and FAGRAEUS , L. 1971 , Role of CO2 in compressed-air narcosis , Aerospace Medicine , 42 , 163 – 168 .
  • HODES , R. and LARRABEE , M. G. 1946 , The relation between alveolar carbon dioxide tension and susceptibility to decompression sickness , American Journal of Physiology , 147 , 603 – 615 .
  • JONES , N. L. , LEVINE,G. B., ROBERTSON , D. G. and EPSTEIN , S. W. 1971 , The effect of added dead space on the pulmonary response to exercise , Respiration , 28 , 389 – 398 .
  • KELMAN , G. R. and WATSON , A. W. S. 1973 , Effect of added dead-space on pulmonary venti lation during sub-maximal, steady-state exercise , Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology & Cognate Medical Sciences , 58 , 305 – 313 .
  • KLOOS , E. J. and LAMONICA , J. 1966 , A machine-test method for measuring carbon dioxide in the inspired air of self-contained breathing apparatus . Bureau of Mines , US Department of the Interior , Washington , DC , Report 6865 .
  • LANPHIER, E. H and CAMPORESI, E. M., 1982 , Respiration and exercise , In P. B. Bennet and D. H. Elliot (eds) , The Physiology and Medicine of Diving , 3rd edn ( Baillière and Tindall , London ), 99 – 156 .
  • MARSHALL , J. R. and LAMBERTSEN , C. J. 1961 , Interactions of increased pCO2 and pCO2 effects in producing convulsions and death in mice , Journal of Applied Physiology ., 16 , 1 – 7 .
  • MAXWELL , D. L. , COVER , D. and HUGHES , J. M. B. 1985 , Effect on respiratory apparatus timing and depth of breathing in man , Respiration Physiology , 61 , 225 – 264 .
  • MIDDLETON , J. R. and THALMANN , E. D. 1981 , Standardized NEDU unmanned test procedures and performance goals , Navy Experimental Diving Unit , Panama City , FL , USA , Report 3–81 .
  • MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION 1985 , United States department of Labor, 30 CFR Ch. I paragraph 11.85–13 (7–1–85 edn) .
  • MORRISON , J. B. and REIMERS , S. D. 1982 , Design principles of underwater breathing apparatus , in P. B. Bennet and D. H. Elliot (eds) . The Physiology and Medicine of Diving , 3rd edn ( Baillière and Tindall , London ), 55 – 98 .
  • NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (NIOSH) 1988 , 42 CFR Part 84 , Centers for Disease Control , Atlanta , GA , USA .
  • SACKNER , J. D. , NIXON , A. J. , DAVIS , B. , ATKJNS , N. and SACKNER , M. A. 1980 , Effects of breathing through external dead space on ventilation at rest and during exercise , American Review of Respiratory Diseases , 122 , 933 – 940 .
  • SHIMOZAKI , S. , HARBER , P. , BARRET , T. and LOISIDES , L. P. 1988 , Subjective tolerance of respirator loads and its relationship to physiological effects , American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal , 49 , 108 – 116 .
  • WARD , S. A. and WHIPP , B. J. 1980 , Ventilatory control during exercise with increased external dead space . Journal of Applied Physiology , 48 , 225 – 231 .
  • WARKANDER , D. E. , NORFLEET , W. T. , NAGASAWA , G. K. and LUNDGREN , C. E. G. 1990 , CO2 retention with minimal symptoms but severe dysfunction during wet simulated dives to 6.8 atm abs. , Undersea Biomedical Research , 17 , 515 – 523 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.