Comprehension and retention of safety pictorials

References

• ANSI . 1991 . American National Standard for Safety Warnings , Washington, DC : American National Standards Institute .
   Google Scholar
• BRELSFORD , J. W. , WOGALTER , M. S. and SCOGGINS , J. A. Enhancing comprehension and retention of safety-related pictorials . Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting . Santa Monica, CA. pp. 836 – 840 . Human Factors and Ergonomics Society .
   Google Scholar
• CAIRNEY , P. T. and SLESS , D. 1982 . Communication of effectiveness of symbolic safety signs with different user groups . Applied Ergonomics , 13 : 91 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHILDERS , T. L. , HECKLER , S. E. and HOUSTON , M. J. 1986 . Memory for the visual and verbal components of print advertisements . Psychology and Marketing , 3 : 137 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• COLLINS , B. L. , LERNER , N. D. and PIERMAN , B. C. 1982 . Symbols for industrial safety , Technical report NBSIR 82-2485 Washington, DC : US Department of Commerce .
   Google Scholar
• D'AGOSTINO , P. R. , O'NEIL , B. J. and PAIVIO , A. 1977 . Memory for pictures and words as a function of level processing: depth or dual coding? . Memory and Cognition , 5 : 252 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FMC CORPORATION . 1985 . Product Safety Sign and Label System , Santa Clara : FMC Corp .
   Google Scholar
• FRASCARA , J. and YAU , T. 1986 . Evaluation of safety symbols, appropriateness ranking tests and comprehension recognition tests , Edmonton, , Canada : Department of Art and Design, University of Alberta . Report submitted to Research Contribution Advisory Committee, Standards Council of Canada
   Google Scholar
• FRIEDMANN , K. 1988 . The effect of adding symbols to written warning labels on user behavior and recall . Human Factors , 30 : 507 – 515 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREEN , P. and PEW , R. W. 1978 . Evaluating pictographic symbols: an automotive application . Human Factors , 20 : 103 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISO 3864 . 1984 . Safety colours and safety signs , Switzerland : International Organization for Standardization .
   Google Scholar
• ISO 3461-1 . 1988 . General principles for the creation of graphical symbols , Switzerland : International Organization for Standardization .
   Google Scholar
• KALSHER , M. J. , WOGALTER , M. S. and RACICOT , B. M. 1996 . Pharmaceutical container labels: enhancing preference perceptions with alternative designs and pictorials . International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , 18 : 83 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAUGHERY , K. R. and WOGALTER , M. S. 1989 . “ Forensic applications of face research ” . In Handbook of Research on Face Processing , Edited by: Young , A. W. and Ellis , H. D. 519 – 555 . Amsterdam : (Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• LAUX , L. , MAYER , D. L. and THOMPSON , N. B. Usefulness of symbols and pictorials to communicate hazard information . Proceedings of Interface '89 . Santa Monica, CA. pp. 79 – 83 . Human Factors Society .
   Google Scholar
• MAGURNO , A. , WOGALTER , M. S. , KOHAKE , J. and WOLFF , J. S. Iterative test and development of pharmaceutical pictorials . Proceedings of the 12th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association . Vol. 4 , pp. 360 – 362 . Toronto : Human Factors Association of Canada .
   Google Scholar
• MAYER , D. L. 1992 . Identifiability and effectiveness of graphic symbols used in warning messages , Houston, TX : Rice University . Unpublished manuscript
   Google Scholar
• MORRELL , R. W. , PARK , D. C. and POON , L. W. 1990 . Effects of labeling techniques on memory and comprehension of prescription information in young and old adults . Journal of Gerontology , 45 : 166 – 172 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OTSUBO , S. M. A behavioral study of warning labels for consumer products: perceived danger and use of pictographs . Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting . Santa Monica, CA. pp. 536 – 540 . Human Factors and Ergonomics Society .
   Google Scholar
• PAIVIO , A. 1975 . Perceptual comparisons through the mind's eye . Memory and Cognition , 3 : 636 – 647 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WESTINGHOUSE . 1981 . Westinghouse Products Safety Label Handbook , Trafford, PA : Westinghouse Printing Division .
   Google Scholar
• WICKENS , C. D. 1992 . Engineering Psychology and Human Performance , New York : University of Illinois: (Harper Collins) .
   Google Scholar
• WISEMAN , S. , MACLEOD , C. M. and LOOTSTEEN , P. J. 1985 . Picture recognition improves with subsequent verbal information . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 11 : 588 – 595 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOGALTER , M. S. and SILVER , N. C. 1995 . Warning signal words: connoted strength and understandability by children, elders, and non-native English speakers . Ergonomics , 38 : 2188 – 2206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOLFF , J. S. and WOGALTER , M. S. Test and development of pharmaceutical pictorials . Proceedings of Interface '93 . Santa Monica, CA. pp. 187 – 192 . Human Factors and Ergonomics Society .
   Google Scholar
• YOUNG , S. L. and WOGALTER , M. S. 1990 . Comprehension and memory of instruction manual warnings: conspicuous print and pictorial icons . Human Factors , 32 : 637 – 649 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar