Psychophysiological analysis of mental load during driving on rural roads-a quasi-experimental field study

References

• ANDREWS , M. J. , REUTER , U. , BREUER , B. , BIELACZEK , C. , ROHMERT , W. , BREUER , J. and KLEUSKENS , R. 1994 . “ Information, support and warning strategies ” . In Commission of the European Communities—DRIVE II Project V 2045 , Darmstadt : University Press . Deliverable 9 Workpackage A4
   Google Scholar
• BOUCSEIN , W. 1991 . Arbeitspsychologische Beanspruchungsforschung heute-eine Herausforderung an die Psychophysiologie . Psychologische Rundschau , 42 : 129 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• BOUCSEIN , W. 1992 . Elektrodermal Activity , New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• BOUCSEIN , W. 1993 . “ Psychophysiology in the computer workplace—goals and methods ” . In Work with Display Units 92 , Edited by: Luczak , H. , Cadir , A. and Cadir , G. 135 – 139 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• BRICKENKAMP , R. 1981 . Test d2. Aufmerksamkeits- Belastungstest , Göttingen : Hogrefe .
   Google Scholar
• BRISTOW , J. , KIRWAN , B. and TAYLOR , D. H. 1982 . Cognition and affect in measures of driving style . Ergonomics , 25 : 935 – 940 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROOKHUIS , K. A. , DE VRIES , G. and DE WARD , D. 1991 . The effects of mobile telephoning on driving performance . Accident Analysis and Prevention , 23 : 309 – 316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROUWER , W. H. , WATERLINK , W. , WOLFFELAAR , P. C. van and ROTHENGATTER , T. 1991 . Divided attention in experienced young and older drivers: lane tracking and visual analysis in a dynamic driving simulator . Human Factors , 33 : 573 – 582 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE WARD , D. 1996 . The Measurement of Driver's Mental Workload , Groningen : Traffic Research Center USC .
   Google Scholar
• DE WARD , D. , JESSUNEN , M. , STEYVERS , F. J. J. M. , RAGGAT , P. T. F. and BROOKHUIS , K. A. 1995 . Effect of road layout and road environment on driving performance, driver's physiology and road appreciation . Ergonomics , 38 : 1395 – 1407 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DUNCAN , J. , WILLIAMS , P. and BROWN , J. 1991 . Component of driving skill: experience does not mean expertise . Ergonomics , 34 : 919 – 937 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DURTH , W. , WEISE , G. , BARK , A. , LIPPOLD , Ch. and SOSSOUMIHEN , A. 1995 . “ Überprüfung der Relationstrassierung von Straβen der Kategoriengruppe A ” . In Zwischenbericht für den BMV , TU Dresden : Forschungsbericht .
   Google Scholar
• FLEURY , C. and DUBOIS , D. 1991 . Categorisation mentale et security des resaux , Rapport 146 Joinville Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Security .
   Google Scholar
• GAILLARD , A. W. K. and WIENTJES , C. J. E. 1994 . Mental load and work stress as two types of energy mobilization . Work and Stress , 8 : 141 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HACKER , W. , PLATH , H. E. , RICHTER , P. and ZIMMER , K. 1978 . Internal representation of task structure and mental load of work. Approaches and methods of assessment . Ergonomics , 21 : 187 – 194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALE , A. R. 1990 . “ Safety and speed, a systems view of determinants and control measures ” . In First ISIRT Round Table, IATTS Research Edited by: Michon , J. A. and de Bruin , R. A. Vol. 14 , 59 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• HEINE , A. , VAN DER MOLEN , H. H. and WILDE , G. J. S. 1990 . Risk homeostatic process in car following behavior: electrodermal responses and verbal risk estimates as indicators of the perceived level of risk during a car driving task , Forschungsbericht : Traffic Research Centre .
   Google Scholar
• HOCKEY , G. R. 1993 . “ Cognitive-energetical control mechanisms in the management of work demands and psychological health ” . In Attention: Selection, Awareness, and Control , Edited by: Baddeley , A. and Weiskrantz , L. 328 – 346 . Oxford : Guilford Science Publications .
   Google Scholar
• ITOH , Y. , HAYASHI , Y. , TSUKUI , I. and SAITO , S. 1990 . The ergonomic evaluation of eye movement and mental workload in aircraft pilots . Ergonomics , 33 : 719 – 733 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JORNA , P. G. M. 1993 . Heart rate and workload variations in actual and simulated flight . Ergonomics , 36 : 1043 – 1054 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOSNIK , W. D. , SEKULER , R. and KLINE , D. W. 1990 . Self-reported visual problems of older drivers . Human Factors , 32 : 597 – 608 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KRAMER , U. and ROHR , G. 1982 . A model of driver behaviour . Ergonomics , 25 : 891 – 907 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LACEY , B. C. and LACEY , J. L. 1977 . Change in heart period: a function of sensorimotor event timing within the cardiac cycle . Physiological Psychology , 5 : 383 – 393 .
   Google Scholar
• MICHON , J. A. 1985 . “ A critical view of driver behavior models: what do we know, what should we do? ” . In Human Behavior and Traffic Safety , Edited by: Evans , L. and Schwing , R. C. 485 – 520 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• MICHON , J. A. 1993 . Generic Intelligent Driver Support, A Comprehensive Report on GIDS , London : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• MULDER , G. 1986 . “ The concept and measurement of mental effort ” . In Energetics and Human Information Processing , Edited by: Hockey , G. R. J. , Gaillard , . W. K. and H Coles , M. G. Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• MULDER , H. P. G. , MEIJMANN , T. F. , O'HANLON , J. F. and MULDER , G. 1982 . Differential psychophysiological reactivity of city bus drivers . Ergonomics , 25 : 1003 – 1011 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MULDER , L. J. M. 1988 . Assessment of cardiovascular reactivity by means of spectral analysis; Prüfschrift zur Dissertation in Psychologie , Pädagogische und soziologische Wissenschaften der Rijksuniversität Groningen .
   Google Scholar
• MULDER , L. J. M. 1992 . Measurement and analysis methods of heart rate and respiration for use in applied environments . Biological Psychology , 34 : 205 – 236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MULDER , L. J. M. , VAN DER MEULEN , P. , VAN DELLEN , H. J. and OPHEIKEUS , B. 1988 . “ CARSPAN: A spectral analysis program for cardiovascular time series ” . In Computers in Psychology; Methods, Instrumentation and Psychodiagnostics , Edited by: Maarse , F. J. , Mulder , L. J. M. , Sjouw , W. and Akkerman , A. 30 – 38 . Lisse : Swets and Zeitlinger .
   Google Scholar
• PINKPANK , T. and WANDKE , H. 1995 . Mental effort with the use of different dialogue techniques in human computer interaction . Zeitschrift fuer Psychologie , 203 : 119 – 137 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• QUAAS , P. , RICHTER , P. and SCHIRMER , F. 1986 . “ Performance in cognitive tasks and cardiovascular parameters as indicators of mental load ” . In Man-Computer Interaction Research MACINTER-I , Edited by: Klix , F. and Wandke , H. 365 – 372 . Amsterdam : North-Holland .
   Google Scholar
• RANNY , T. A. 1994 . Models of driving behavior: a review of their evolution . Accidents, Analysis and Prevention , 26 : 733 – 750 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RAU , R. and RICHTER , P. 1995 . “ 24- Stunden- Monitoring zur Prüfung der Reaktivitä t psychophysiologischer Parameter in Belastungs- und Erholungsphasen ” . In Forschungsbericht Fb12.001 in der Schriftenreihe der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsmediz , Bremerhaven : Verlag fü r neue Wissenschaft .
   Google Scholar
• RAU , R. and RICHTER , P. 1996 . “ Psychophysiological analysis of strain in real life work situations ” . In Ambulatory Assessment: Computer-assisted Psychological and Psychophysiological Methods in Monitoring and Field Studies , Edited by: Fahrenberg , J. and Myrtek , M. 271 – 285 . Seattle : Hogrefe & Huber .
   Google Scholar
• RENGE , K. , OGAWA , K. and NAGAYAMA , Y. 1996 . “ Hazard perception among drivers in Japan ” . In Verkehrspsychologen machen mobil- für Verkehrssicherheit und Umweltschutz (36. bdp- Kongreƒ für Verkehrspsychologie) , Edited by: Schlag , B. Dresden University of Technology . Proceedings
   Google Scholar
• RICHTER , P. and HACKER , W. 1998 . Belastung und Beanspruchung, Streβ, Ermüdung und Burnout im Arbeitsleben , Heidelberg : Asanger .
   Google Scholar
• RICHTER , P. , RICHTER , P. G. , SCHMIDT , C. and STRAUBE , B. 1980 . Psychophysiologische Aufwandsbestimmung als Grundlage der Effektivitätsbeurteilung von Arbeitstätigkeiten . Zeitschrift für Psychologie , 188 : 275 – 291 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RICHTER , P. , WEISE , G. , HEGER , R. and WAGNER , T. 1996 . Fahrverhalten und psychophysiologische Aktivierung von Kraftfahrern als Bewertungskriterien der Gestaltungsgüte von Straβ enverkehrsanlagen , Abschluƒbericht im Auftrag der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (Nr. 671/1-2) Technische Universität Dresden . Manuscript
   Google Scholar
• SANDERS , A. F. 1983 . Towards a model of stress and human performance . Acta Psychologica , 53 : 61 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHANDRY , R. 1989 . Lehrbuch der Psychophysiologie , München : Psychologie Verlags Union .
   Google Scholar
• SCHILBERG , F. 1995 . Verkehrssicherheitsarbeit stärker auf die Verhütung von schweren Personenschäden ausrichten . Zeitschrift für Verkehrssicherheit , 41 : 5 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• STERN , J. A. , BOYER , D. and SCHROEDER , D. 1994 . Blink rate: a possible measure of fatigue . Human Factors , 36 : 285 – 297 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STERN , J. A. , WALRATH , L. C. and GOLDSTEIN , R. 1984 . The endogenous eyeblink . Psychophysiology , 21 : 22 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAYLOR , D. H. 1964 . Drivers' galvanic skin response and the risk of accident . Ergonomics , 7 : 439 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THEEUWES , J. and DIKS , G. 1995 . Subjective road categorization and speed choice , TNO Report TM B-16 Soesterberg : TNO .
   Google Scholar
• VELTMAN , J. A. R. and GAILLARD , A. W. K. 1996 . Physiological indices of workload in a simulated flight task . Biological Psychology , 42 : 323 – 342 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VERWEY , W. B. 1993 . “ How we can prevent overload of the driver? ” . In Driving Future Vehicles , Edited by: Parkers , A. M. and Franzen , S. 235 – 244 . London : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• VIVOLI , G. , BERGOMI , M. , ROVESTI , S. , CAROZZI , G. and VEZZOSI , A. 1993 . Biochemical and haemodynamic indicators of stress in truck drivers . Ergonomics , 36 : 1089 – 1097 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAGNER , T. and RICHTER , P. 1997 . “ Anforderungsanalytische Streckenbewertung und deren Anwendbarkeit für die Anlage von Auβerortsstraβen: Eine psychologisch-ingenieurwissenschaftliche Perspektive ” . In Fortschritte der Verkehrspsychologie 1996 , Edited by: Schlag , B. 383 – 394 . Bonn : Deutscher Psychologen Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• WIERWILLE , W. W. and EGGEMEIER , F. T. 1993 . Recommendations for mental workload measurement in a test and evaluation environment . Human Factors , 35 : 263 – 281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WIETHOFF , M. 1994 . Psychophysiological measures in human-computer interaction provide key information! . Journal of Psychophysiology , 2 : 170
   Google Scholar
• WILDERVANCK , C. , MULDER , G. and MICHON , J. 1978 . Mapping mental load in car driving . Ergonomics , 21 : 225 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar