Fabrication of SPE Waveguides on PPLN: Formation of Nanodomains and Their Impact on the SHG Efficiency

References

• R. L. Byer, Quasi-phasematched nonlinear interactions and devices. J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 6 (4), 549–592 (1997).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Armstrong, N. Bloembergen, J. Ducuing, and P. Pershan, Interactions between light waves in a nonlinear dielectric. Phys. Rev. 127, 1918–1939 (1962).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. S. Hum, and M. M. Fejer, Quasi-phasematching. C R Phys. 8, 180–198 (2007).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. J. Lim, M. M. Fejer, R. L. Byer, and W. J. Kozlovsky, Blue light generation by frequency doubling in periodically poled lithium niobate channel waveguide. Electr. Lett. 25 (11), 731–732 (1985).
   Google Scholar
• E. J. Lim, M. M. Fejer, R. L. Byer, Second-harmonic generation of green light in periodically poled planar lithium niobate waveguide. Electr. Lett. 25 (3), 174–175 (1989).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Yamada, N. Nada, M. Saitoh, and K. Watanabe, First-order quasi-phase matched LiNbO3 waveguide periodically poled by applying an external field for efficient blue second-harmonic generation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 (5), 435–436 (1993).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, Highly efficient photon-pair source using a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. Electr. Lett. 37, 26–28 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. P. De Micheli, Fabrication and characterization of proton exchanged waveguides in periodically poled congruent lithium niobate. Ferroelectrics. 340, 49–62 (2006).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Chanvillard, P. Aschieri, P. Baldi, D. B. Ostrowsky, M. De Micheli, L. Huang, and D. J. Bamford, Soft proton exchange on PPLN: a simple waveguide fabrication process for highly efficient nonlinear interactions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 (9), 1089–1091 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Tanzilli, W. Tittel, H. De Riedmatten, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, PPLN waveguide for quantum communication. Eur. Phys. J. D. 18 (2), 155–160 (2002).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Tanzilli, A. Martin, F. Kaiser, M. P. De Micheli, O. Alibart, D. B. Ostrowsky, On the genesis and evolution of integrated quantum optics. Laser & Photonics Reviews. 6, 115–143 (2012).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. A. Dolbilov, V. Ya Shur, E. I. Shishkin, M. F. Sarmanova, E. V. Nikolaeva, S. Tascu, P. Baldi, and M. P. De Micheli, Influence of surface layers modified by proton exchange on domain kinetics of lithium niobate. Ferroelectrics. 374, 14–19 (2008).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. A. Dolbilov, E. I. Shishkin, V. Ya. Shur, S. Tascu, P. Baldi, and , Abnormal domain growth in lithium niobate with surface layer modified by proton exchange. Ferroelectrics. 398, 108–114 (2010).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Ya. Shur, Kinetics of ferroelectric domains: application of general approach to LiNbO3 and LiTaO3. J. Mat. Sci. 41 (1), 199–210 (2006).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. A. Dolbilov, V. Ya Shur, E. V. Shishkina, E. S. Angudovich, A. D. Ushakov, P. Baldi, and M. P. De Micheli, Formation of nanodomain structure in front of the moving domain wall in lithium niobate single crystal modified by proton exchange. Ferroelectrics. 442, 82–91 (2013).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Ya. Shur, E. L. Rumyantsev, E. V. Nikolaeva, E. I. Shishkin, R. G. Batchko, G. D. Miller, M. M. Fejer, and R. L. Byer, Regular ferroelectric domain array in lithium niobate crystals for nonlinear optic applications. Ferroelectrics. 236, 129–144 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Ya. Shur, P. S. Zelenovskiy, M. S. Nebogatikov, D. O. Alikin, M. F. Sarmanova, A. V. Ievlev, E. A. Mingaliev, and D. K. Kuznetsov, Investigation of the nanodomain structure formation by piezoelectric force microscopy and Raman confocal microscopy in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 crystals. J. Appl. Phys. 110, 052013 (2011).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Ya. Shur and P. S. Zelenovskiy, Micro- and nanodomain imaging in uniaxial ferroelectrics: joint application of optical, confocal Raman and piezoelectric force microscopy. J. Appl. Phys. 116, 066802 (2014).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Ya. Shur, D. K. Kuznetsov, E. A. Mingaliev, E. M. Yakunina, A. I. Lobov, and A. V. Ievlev, In situ investigation of formation of self-assembled nanodomain structure in lithium niobate after pulse laser irradiation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 082901 (2011).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Ya. Shur, D. K. Kuznetsov, Nikolaeva E. V. Lobov AI, M. A. Dolbilov, A. N. Orlov, and V. V. Osipov, Formation of self-similar surface nano-domain structures in lithium niobate under highly nonequilibrium conditions, Ferroelectrics, 341, 85–93 (2006).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Harhira, Y. Zhang, P. Bourson, L. Guilbert, M. D. Fontana, and M. P. De Micheli, Raman probing of proton exchange waveguides in lithium niobate. Ferroelectrics. 352, 153–157 (2007).
   Google Scholar