References
- D. Lezal and P. Maco, Non crystalline semiconductors (ALFA, Bratislawa). (1989).
- P. W. France, Fluoride Glass Optical Fibers. London: Blackie, (1989).
- A. M. Andriesh, Semiconductors. 32, 867–872 (1998).
- S. R. Elliott, Materials Science, and Technology. VCH. 9, (1991).
- B. J. William, Journal of Chemical Education 74, 1063 (1997).
- D. K. Dwivedi, H. P. Pathak, R. K. Shukla, and A. Kumar, American J. Mater. Sci. Engg. 1, 46 (2013).
- D. K. Dwivedi, H. P. Pathak, N. Shukla, and A. Kumar, J. Ovonic Research 10, 15 (2014).
- D. K. Dwivedi, H. P. Pathak, R. K. Shukla, and A. Kumar, International J. Light Electron Optics 126, 635 (2015).
- D. K. Dwivedi, H. P. Pathak, N. Shukla, and V. Kumar, Adv. Sci. Lett. 20, 1081 (2014).
- M. C. Flemings, B. Ilschner, E. J. Kramer, S. Mahajan, K. H. Jurgen Buschow, and R. W. Cahn, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Elsevier Science Ltd. (2001).
- B. T. Kolomiets, Proc. Int. conf. on Semiconductor Physics, Prague 1960 (Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences,1961) p.884. Phys Stat. Solidi. 7, 359, 713 (1964).
- A. F. Ioffe, and A. R. Regel, Progress in Semiconductors 4, 237–291 (1960).
- P. W. Anderson, Absence of diffusion in certain random lattices. Phys Rev. 109, 1492–1505 (1958).
- N. F. Mott, and W. D. Twose, Adv Phys. 10, 107–163 (1961).
- M. H. Cohen, H. Fritzsche, and S. R. Ovinsky, Phys Rev Lett. 22, 1065 (1969).
- N. F. Mott, Philos. Mag. 19, 835 (1969).
- E. A. Davis, and N. F. Mott, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1, (1979).
- E. A. Davis, and N. F. Mott, Philosophical Magazine 22, 903–922 (1970).
- R. A. Street, and N. F. Mott, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1293 (1975).
- M. Birkholz, with contributions by P. F. Fewster, and C. Genzel, Thin Film Analysis by X-Ray Scattering. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, (2005).
- M. Ohring, Materials Science of Thin Films (2nd ed.). Boston: Academic Press, (2001).
- K. Seshan, Handbook of Thin Film Deposition (3rd ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier, (2012).
- K. L. Chopra, Thin Film Phenomena. N. Y.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, (1969).
- R. C. Jaeger, Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, (2002).
- S. M. Sze, Semiconductor Devices. Physics and Technology (2007).
- R. D. Mathis, Company, Evaporation Sources Catalog 1–7 (1992).
- C. H. Whitson, and M. L. Michelsen, The Negative Flash. Fluid Phase Equilibria 53, 51–71 (1989).
- N. S. Platakis, and H. C. Gatos, J. Electrochem. Soc. 123, 1409 (1976).
- K. Hanno, and F. Adalbert, Thin Solid Films 98, 211–214 (1982).
- E. Salonen, K. Nordlund, J. Keinonen, and C. Wu, Physical Review B. 63, 195415 (2001).
- G. Carter, and J. S. Colligan, Ion Bombardment of Solids. New York: American Elsevier, (1968).
- M. Nastasi, J. Mayer, and J. K. Hirvonen, Cambridge Solid State Science Series. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, (2004).
- R. Behrish, and W. Eckstein, Berlin, Germany: Springer, (2007).
- V. S. Smentkowski, Progress in Surface Science 64, 1–58 (2000).
- M. Lazell, P. O'Brien, D. J. Otway, and J. Park, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 4479 (2000).
- J. Etzkorn, H. A. Therese, F. Rocker, N. Zink, U. Kolb, and W. Tremel, Adv. Mater. 17, 2372 (2005).
- J. V. Lauritsen, J. Kibsgaard, S. Helveg, H. Topsoe, B. S. Clausen, E. Laegsgaard, and F. Besenbacher, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2, 53 (2007).
- T. Ouyang, K. P. Loh, H. Zhang, J. J. Vittal, M. Vetrichelvan, W. Chen, X. Gao, and A. T. Shen Wee, J. Phys. Chem. B. 108, 17537 (2004).
- D. R. Reyes, M. M. Ghanem, G. M. Whitesides, and A. Manz, Lab on a Chip. ACS. 2, 113–6 (2002).
- R. J. Curry, A. K. Mairaj, C. C. Huang, R. W. Eason, C. Grivas, D. W. Hewak, and J. V. Badding, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 2451–2455 (2005).
- D. W. Harwood, E. Taylor, R. Moore, and D. N. Payne, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 332, 190–8 (2003).
- A. K. Mairaj, R. J. Curry, and D. W. Hewak, Electron. Lett. 40, 412–22 (2004).
- K. E. Youden, T. Grevatt, R. W. Eason, H. N. Rutt, R. S. Deol, and G. Wylangowski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 1601–3 (1993).
- D. S. Gill, R. W. Eason, C. Zaldo, H. N. Rutt, and N. A. Vainos, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 191, 321–6 (1995).
- A. V. Kolobov, Nature Mater. 3, 703–708 (2004).
- R. J. Zallen, Non-Cryst. Solids 75, 3–14 (1985).
- W. H. Zachariasen, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 54, 3841 (1932).
- M. F. Thorpe, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 57, 355–370 (1983).
- A. H.Moharram, Bull. Mater. Sci. 38, 111–117 (2015).
- A. Zakery, S. R. Elliott, Springer Series in optical sciences 135, (2007).
- G. Lucovsky, and T. M. Hayes, Amorphous Semiconductors, ed. M. H.Brodsky (Springer-Verlag, Berlin), (1985).
- R. M. White, J.Non-Cryst.solids. 16, 387 (1974).
- J. C. Phillips, Phys. Today 27, (1982).
- R. Zallen, The physics of amorphous solids(john Willey and sons, new york). (1983).
- J. Tauc (Ed.), Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductor. New York: Plenum, (1974).
- F. Urbach, Phys. Rev. 92, 1324 (1953).
- F. Demichelis, G. Kanidakis, A. Tagliferro, and E. Tresso, Appl. Opt. 9, 1737 (1987).
- O. A. Lafi, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 660, 503–508 (2016).
- J. I. Pankove, Optical Processes in Semiconductors DoverPuble. New York (1973).
- M. Mohamed, M. A. Abdel-Rahim, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 27, 288–292 (2014).
- M. A. M. Imran, O. A. Lafi, Physica B. 410, 201 (2013).
- J. Tauc, Mater. Sci. Bull. 5, 72 (1970).
- D. L. Wood, and J. Tauc, Phys. Rev. B. 5, 3144 (1972).
- A. Elwhab, B. Alwany, O. M. Samir, M. A. Algradee, M. M. Hafith, and M. A. Abdel-Rahim, World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 5, (2015).
- J. Tauc, Materials Research Bulletin. 3, 37–46 (1968).
- J. D. Dow, D. Redfield, Phys. Rev. B. 5, 594 (1972).
- R. A. Street, Solid State Commun. 24, 363 (1977).
- R. C. Zeller, R. O. Poh, Phys. Rev. B. 4, 2029 (1971).
- D. K. Dwivedi, H. P. Pathak, N. Shukla, and V. Kumar, Chalcogenide Lett. 12, 173–179 (2015).
- J. Tauc, R. Grigorovici, and A. Vancu, Physica status solidi (b). 15, 627 (1966).
- R. J. Swanepoel, Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 17, 896–903 (1984).
- A. K. Singh, N. Mehta, and K. Singh, PhysicaB. 404, 3470–3474 (2009).
- A. K. Singh, Opto−Electron. Rev. 20, 226–238 (2012).
- S. A. Khan, F. A. Al-Agel, and A. A. Al-Ghamdi, Superlattices Microstruct. 47, 695 (2010).
- S. A. Khan, F. A. Al-Agel, A. S. Faidah, S. J. Yaghmour, and A. A. Al- Ghamdi, Mater. Lett. 64, 1391 (2010).
- C. H. Bennett, Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (1970).
- M. H. Brodsky, and R. S. Title, Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 581 (1969).
- M. H. Brodsky, and P. J. Stiles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 798 (1970).
- G. A. N. Connell, and W. Paul, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 16, 347 (1971).
- M. L. Theye, Mat. Res. Bull. 6, 103 (1971).
- J. A. Savage, and S. Nielsen, Infrared Physics 5, 195–204 (1965).
- A. R. Hilton, J. Non-Crystalline Solids. 2, 28–39 (1970).
- C. T. Moynihan, P. B. Macedo, M. S. Maklad, R. K. Mohr, and R. E. Howard, J. Non-Crystalline Solids 17, 369–385 (1975).
- A. R. Hilton, C. E. Jones, and M. Brau, Physics and Chemistry of Glasses 7, 105–115 (1966).
- A. R. Hilton, D. J. Hayes, and M. D. Rechtin, J. Non-Crystalline Solids. jj, 319–338 (1975).
- A. R. Hilton, C. E. Jones, and M. Brau, Infrared Physics 183–194 (1966).
- R. A. Baragiola, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A. 362, 29–53 (2004).
- X.-L. Li, J.-P. Ge, and Y.-D. Li, Chem. Eur. J. 10, 6163 (2004).
- A. L. Cauchy, the Exercise de Mathematiques (1836).
- W. Sellmeir, ZurErklarung der abnormenFabenfolgeim spectrum einigersubstanzen. Annalen der Physik 143, S272–282 (1871).
- L. Lorentz, Ann.Phys. 11, 70–103 (1880).
- S. H. Wemple, and M. DiDomenico, Jr Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 1156 (1969).
- S. H. Wemple, and M. DiDomenico, Jr Phys. Rev. B 3, 1338 (1971).
- S. H. Wemple, and M. DiDomenico, Jr Phys. Rev. B 7, 3767 (1973).
- S. H. Wemple, and M. DiDomenico, J. chem. Phys. 67, 2151 (1977).
- H. A. Lorentz, Ann. Phys. 9, 641–665 (1880).
- P. J. L. Herve, and L. K. J. Vanamme, Infrared Phys. 35, 609–615 (1994).
- C. L. Giles, and W. Walter, J. Applied Physics Letters 40, 3 210–212 (1982).
- O. S. Heavens, Academic Press. Chapt. 4, (1955).
- G. Woan, Cambridge University Press (2010).
- D. J. Griffith, John Wiley and sons (2010).
- I. R. Kenyon, Oxford University Press (2008).
- E. A. Fagen, and H. Fritsze, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2, 180 (1970).
- T. Minami, M. Hattori, and M. Tanaka, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 3, 327 (1970).
- E. A. Davis, and N. F. Mott, Phil. Mag. 22, 903 (1970).
- N. F. Mott, Contemp. Phys. 26, 203 (1985).
- P. Nagels, Amorphous semiconductors, ed. M. H. Brodsky, (Springer Verlag, Berlin), (1985).
- A. Vasko, D. Lezal, and L. Srb, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 4, 311 (1970).
- S. R. Elliott, Phillos. Mag. 36, 1291 (1977).
- S. R. Elliott, Philos. Mag. B 37, 135 (1978).
- P. N. Butcher, and H. J. Hyden, proc. of the 7th international Conference on Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductor, Edinburgh, 2, 1977.
- M. Grevers, and F. Du, Pre. Discuss Faraday Soc. A 42, (1946).
- H. Frohlich, Theory of Doelectria. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1949).
- G. E. Pike, Phys. Rev. B. 6, 1572 (1972).
- P. G. Le Comber, D. I. Jones, and W. E. Spear, Philos. Mag. 35, 1173 (1977).
- E. H. Baker, and L. M. Webb, J. Materials Science 9, 1128–1132 (1974).
- A. E. Owen, and J. M. Robertson, J. Non-Crystalline Solids 2, 40–51 (1970).
- K. Morigaki, M. Yamaguchi, I. Hirabayashi, and R. Hayashi, Disordered Semiconductors, ed. M. A. Kastner, G. A. Thomas, S. R. Ovshinsky (Plenum, New York), 415 (1970).
- L. Ley, S. Kawalczyk, R. Pollak, and D. A. Shirley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 1088 (1972).
- H. Overhof, and W. Beyer, Philos. Mag. B 44, 317 (1983).
- G. Pfister, and H. Scher, Adv. Phys. 27, 747 (1978).
- H. Scher, and E. W. Montroll, Phys. Rev. B 12, 2455 (1975).
- K. J. Tanaka, Non-Cryst. Solids 35/36, 1023 (1980a).
- B. T. Kolomiets, S. S. Lantratova, V. M. Lyubin, V. P. Puh, and M. A. Taghirdjanov, Fiz. Tverd. Tela(Russ.) 18, 1189 (1976).
- J. S. Berkes, S. W. Ing, and W. J. Hillegas, J. Appl. Phys. 42, 4908 (1971).
- B. T. Kolomiets, V. M. Lyubin, and V. P. Shilo, Fiz. Him. Stekla (Russ.) 4, 351 (1978).
- A. E. Owen, A. P. Firth, and P. J. S. Ewen, Phil. Mag. B 52, 347 (1985).
- S. C. Agarwal, and H. Fritzsche, Phys. Rev., B 10, 4351 (1974).
- K. Shimakawa, and S. R. Elliott, Phys. Rev., B 38, 12479 (1988).
- K. Tanaka, and Y. J. Ohtsuka, Appl. Phys. 49, 6132 (1978).
- J. P. de Neufville, S. C. Moss, and S. R. Ovshinsky, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 13, 191 (1973/1974).
- K. Tanaka, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 35/36, 1023 (1980a).
- S. R. Elliott, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 81, 71 (1986).
- S. A. Keneman, J. Bordogna, and J. N. Zemel, J. Appl. Phys. 49, 4663 (1978).
- M. Balkanski, In: Physics of Disordered Materials Eds. D., Adler, H., Fritzsche, and S. R., Ovshinsky (Institute for Amorphous Studies, Plenum Press, New York), 405 (1987).
- H. Fritzoche, Light-induced effect in glasses, in Insulting and semiconducting glasses, ed. P. Boolchand (world scientific, Singapore), (1993).
- K. Shimakawa, A. Kolobov, and S. R. Elliott, Photoinduced effect and metastability in amorphous semiconductor and insulators. Adv Phys. 44, 475–588 (1995).
- A. Kolobov, and S. R. Elliott, photodoping of amorphous chalcogenide glasses. Adv Phys. 40, 625–684 (1991).
- R. Fairman, and B. Ushkov, semiconducting chalcogenide glasses, semiconductors and semimetals. 78, (2004).
- S. Hudgens, and B. Johnson, Overview of phase-change chalcogenide nonvolatile memory technology. Mater. Res. Soc. Bull. 29, 829–832 (2004).
- R. Bez, and A. Pirovano, Non-volatile memory technologies: emerging concepts and new materials. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Proc. 7, 349–355 (2004).
- M. H. R. Lankhorst, B. W. S. M. M. Ketelaars, and R. A. M. Wolters, Low-cost and nanoscale non-volatile memory concept for future silicon chips. Nature Mater. 4, 347–352 (2005).
- S. R. Gunti, and S. Asokan, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 1 (2012).
- G. B. Sakr, I. S. Yahia, G. M. El-Komy, and A. M. Salem, Surf. Coat. Technol. 205, 3553 (2011).
- P. Sharma, and S. C. Katyal, J. Non Cryst. Solids 354, 3836 (2008).
- K. A. Aly, A. M. Abousehly, M. A. Osman, and A. A. Othman, Phys. B 403, 1848 (2008).
- M. L. Anne, J. Keirsse, V. Nazabal, and K. Hyodo, J. Sensors 9, 7398 (2009).
- D. Lezal, and P. Macko, Non-Cryst. Semiconductors. ALFA, Bratislava (1989).
- M. Poulain, Fluoride Glass Fiber Optics. Boston: Academic Press. Inc, (1991).
- S. J. madden, D. Y. Choi, M. R. E. Lamont, V. G. Ta'eed, N. J. Baker, M. D. Pelusi, B. Luther-Davies, and B. J. Eggleton, OPN. 19, (2008).
- P. Houizot, C. Boussard-Plédel, A. J. Faber, L. K. Cheng, B. Bureau, P. A. VanNijnatten, and W. L. M. Gielesen, J. Pereira do Carmo, Lucas. J. Opt. Express 15, 12529–12538 (2007).
- S. Danto, P. Houizot, C. Boussard-Pledel, X. H. Zhang, F. Smektala, and J. Lucas, Adv. Funct.Mater. 16, 1847–1852 (2006).
- A. A. Wilhelm, C. Boussard-Plédel, Q. Coulombier, J. Lucas, B. Bureau, and P. Lucas, Adv. Mater. 19, 3796–3800 (2007).
- C. Conseil, J. C. Bastien, C. Boussard-Plédel, X. H. Zhang, P. Lucas, S. Dai, J. Lucas, and B. Bureau, Opt. Mater. Express 2, 1470–1477 (2012).