Heremod and Óðinn: From Beowulf to Snorri’s Prose Edda

References Cited

• Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson, ed. Heimskringla. Vol. 1. 3rd ed. Reykjavik: Hið Íslenzka Fornritafélag, 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Bugge, Sophus. ‘Studien über das Beowulfepos’ [Studies on the Beowulf-epic]. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 12 (1887): 1–112.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, R. W. Beowulf: An Introduction to the Study of the Poem with a Discussion of the Stories of Offa and Finn, with a Supplement from C. L. Wrenn. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959.
   Google Scholar
• Ciklamini, Marlene. ‘The Problem of Starkaðr’. Scandinavian Studies 43 (1971): 169–88.
   Google Scholar
• Colgrave, Bertram, and R. A. B. Mynors, eds and trans. Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Cöllen, Sebastian. ‘Heimdallr in Hyndluljóð: The Role and Function of the “Enigmatic God” in an Enigmatic Poem’. In Theorizing Old Norse Myth, edited by Stefan Brink and Lisa Collinson, 83–104. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Cöllen, Sebastian.. ‘Heimdallr’. In The Pre-Christian Religions of the North: History and Structures, Volume III: Conceptual Frameworks: The Cosmos and Collective Supernatural Beings, edited by Jens Peter Schjødt, John Lindow, and Anders Andrén, 1371–80. Turnhout: Brepols, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Cronan, Dennis. ‘Poetic Words, Conservatism, and the Dating of Old English Poetry’. Anglo-Saxon England 33 (2004): 23–50.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, H. R. Ellis. Gods and Myths of Northern Europe. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1964.
   Google Scholar
• Dronke, Ursula. ‘Beowulf and Ragnarǫk’. Saga-Book 17 (1969): 302–25.
   Google Scholar
• Dumville, David N. ‘The Anglian Collection of Royal Genealogies and Regnal Lists’. Anglo-Saxon England 5 (1976): 23–50.
   Google Scholar
• Earl, James W. ‘The Forbidden Beowulf: Haunted by Incest’. PMLA 125 (2010): 289–305.
   Google Scholar
• Faulkes, Anthony. ‘Descent from the Gods’. Mediaeval Scandinavia 11 (1982): 92–125.
   Google Scholar
• Faulkes, Anthony., ed. Snorri Sturluson: Edda: Skáldskaparmál. Vol. 1. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Faulkes, Anthony., ed. Snorri Sturluson: Edda: Prologue and Gylfaginning. 2nd ed. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Finch, R. G., ed. and trans. The Saga of the Volsungs. London: Nelson, 1965.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, Michael. Following the Formula in Beowulf, Örvar-Odds Saga, and Tolkien. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Frank, Roberta, ed. ‘Anonymous, Málsháttakvæði’. In Poetry from Treatises on Poetics: Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3, edited by Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold, 1213–44. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Friis-Jensen, Karsten, ed. Saxo Grammaticus: Gesta Danorum: The History of the Danes. Translated by Peter Fisher. Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Fulk, R. D. A History of Old English Meter. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Fulk, R. D.. ‘The Etymology and Significance of Beowulf’s Name’. Anglo-Saxon 1 (2007): 109–36.
   Google Scholar
• Fulk, R. D., ed. and trans. The Beowulf Manuscript: Complete Texts, and the Fight at Finnsburg. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Fulk, R. D., ed. ‘Anonymous Poems, Eiríksmál’. In Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035: Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1, edited by Diana Whaley, 1006–13. Turnhout: Brepols, 2012a.
   Google Scholar
• Fulk, R. D., ed. ‘Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, Hákonarmál’. In Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035: Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1, edited by Diana Whaley, 171–95. Turnhout: Brepols, 2012b.
   Google Scholar
• Fulk, R. D., Robert E. Bjork, and John D. Niles, eds. Klaeber’s Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg. 4th ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Garmonsway, G. N., and Jacqueline Simpson, eds and trans. Beowulf and its Analogues. New York: Dutton, 1971.
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie, George T. A Catalogue of Persons Named in German Heroic Literature (700–1600): Including Named Animals and Objects and Ethnic Names. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.
   Google Scholar
• Goldsmith, Margaret. The Mode and Meaning of Beowulf. London: Athlone, 1970.
   Google Scholar
• Guðni Jónsson, ed. Fornaldarsögur norðurlanda [Ancient sagas of the northern lands]. 4 vols. Reykjavík: Íslendingasagnaútgáfan, 1959.
   Google Scholar
• Gurevich, Elena, ed. ‘Anonymous Þulur, Ása heiti I’. In Poetry from Treatises on Poetics: Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3, edited by Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold, 754. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Gwara, Scott. Heroic Identity in the World of Beowulf. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, Joseph. ‘A Nativist Approach to Beowulf: The Case of Germanic Elegy’. In Companion to Old English Poetry, edited by Henk Aertsen and Rolf H. Bremmer Jr, 45–62. Amsterdam: VU University Press, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Haukur Þorgeirsson. ‘Snorri versus the Copyists: An Investigation of a Stylistic Trait in the Manuscript Traditions of Egils Saga, Heimskringla, and the Prosa Edda’. Saga-Book 38 (2014): 61–74.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, Thomas D. ‘The Confession of Beowulf and the Structure of Volsunga Saga’. In The Vikings: Papers from the Cornell Lecture Series Held to Coincide with the Viking Exhibition 1980–1981, edited by Robert T. Farrell, 165–79. London: Phillimore, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, Thomas D.. ‘Woden as “Ninth Father”: Numerical Patterning in Some Old English Royal Genealogies’. In Germania: Comparative Studies in the Old Germanic Languages and Literatures, edited by Daniel G. Calder and T. Craig Christy, 161–74. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Hollowell, Ida Masters. ‘Unferð the Þyle in Beowulf’. Studies in Philology 73 (1976): 239–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honegger, Thomas. ‘Heremod’. In Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, vol. 14, edited by Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich, and Heiko Steuer, 414–16. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Hultgård, Anders. ‘Óðinn, Valhǫll, and the Einherjar: Eschatological Myth and Ideology in the Late Viking Period’. In Ideology and Power in the Viking and Middle Ages: Scandinavia, Iceland, Ireland, Orkney and the Faeroes, edited by Gro Steinsland, Jón Viðar Sigurðsson, Jan Erik Rekdal, and Ian Beuermann, 297–328. Leiden: Brill, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Larrington, Carolyne, trans. The Poetic Edda. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Lassen, Annette. Odin’s Ways: A Guide to the Pagan God in Medieval Literature. Translated by Helen F. Leslie-Jacobsen and Margaret Cormack. New York: Routledge, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Leneghan, Francis. The Dynastic Drama of Beowulf. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Lindow, John. Murder and Vengeance among the Gods: Baldr in Scandinavian Mythology. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Lindow, John.. ‘Narrative Worlds, Human Environments, and Poets: The Case of Bragi’. In Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes and Interactions. An International Conference in Lund, Sweden, June 3–7, 2004, edited by Anders Andrén, Kristina Jennbert, and Catharine Raudvere, 21–25. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Martin Clarke, D. E. ‘The Office of Thyle in Beowulf’. Review of English Studies 12 (1936): 61–66.
   Google Scholar
• Matveeva, Elizaveta. ‘Reconsidering the Tradition: The Odinic Hero as Saga Protagonist’. Unpublished PhD diss., University of Nottingham, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Meaney, Audrey L. ‘Woden in England: A Reconsideration of the Evidence’. Folklore 77 (1966): 105–15.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, Clarence H., trans. ‘Fragments of Danish History’. ANQ 20 (2007): 9–22.
   Google Scholar
• Moisl, Hermann. ‘Anglo-Saxon Royal Genealogies and Germanic Oral Tradition’. Journal of Medieval History 7 (1981): 215–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neckel, Gustav, ed. Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern [Edda: the poems of the Codex Regius with related monuments]. Vol. 1, Text, revised by Hans Kuhn, 5th ed. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Neidorf, Leonard. The Transmission of Beowulf: Language, Culture, and Scribal Behavior. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Neidorf, Leonard.. ‘The Etymology of Freawaru’s Name’. Notes & Queries 68 (2021): 379–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neidorf, Leonard.. The Art and Thought of the Beowulf Poet. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2022a.
   Google Scholar
• Neidorf, Leonard.. ‘Woden and Widsith’. English Studies 103 (2022b): 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neidorf, Leonard, and Chenyun Zhu. ‘The Germanic Onomasticon and the Etymology of Beowulf’s Name’. Neophilologus 106 (2022): 109–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North, Richard. Heathen Gods in Old English Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• O’Donoghue, Heather. ‘What Has Baldr to Do with Lamech? The Lethal Shot of a Blind Man in Old Norse Myth and Jewish Exegetical Traditions’. Medium Ævum 72 (2003): 82–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donoghue, Heather.. From Asgard to Valhalla: The Remarkable History of the Norse Myths. London: I. B. Tauris, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Orchard, Andy. Cassell Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. London: Cassell, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Orchard, Andy.. A Critical Companion to Beowulf. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Owen, Gale R. Rites and Religions of the Anglo-Saxons. Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble Books, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Pollington, Stephen. The Elder Gods: Religion and the Supernatural in Early England. Ely: Anglo-Saxon Books, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Poole, Russell. ‘Some Southern Perspectives on Starcatherus’. Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 2 (2006): 141–66.
   Google Scholar
• Phillpotts, Bertha S. ‘Wyrd and Providence in Anglo-Saxon Thought’. Essays and Studies 13 (1928): 7–27.
   Google Scholar
• Ranisch, Wilhelm, ed. Die Gautrekssaga in zwei Fassungen [Gautreks saga in two recensions]. Berlin: Mayer & Müller, 1900.
   Google Scholar
• Russom, Geoffrey. ‘Dating Criteria for Old English Poems’. In Studies in the History of the English Language, edited by Donka Minkova and Robert Stockwell, 245–66. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, J. S. ‘Othin in England: Evidence from the Poetry for a Cult of Woden in Anglo-Saxon England’. Folklore 74 (1963): 460–80.
   Google Scholar
• Sarrazin, Gregor. ‘Der Balder-Kultus in Lethra’ [The Balder-cult in Lejre]. Anglia 19 (1897): 392–97.
   Google Scholar
• Schjødt, Jens Peter. ‘Mercury–Wotan–Óðinn: One or Many?’ In Myth, Materiality, and Lived Religion: In Merovingian and Viking Scandinavia, edited by Klas Wikström af Edholm, Peter Jackson Rova, Andreas Nordberg, Olof Sundqvist, and Torun Zachrisson, 59–86. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Schjødt, Jens Peter.. ‘Óðinn’. In The Pre-Christian Religions of the North: History and Structures, Volume III: Conceptual Frameworks: The Cosmos and Collective Supernatural Beings, edited by Jens Peter Schjødt, John Lindow, and Anders Andrén, 1123–94. Turnhout: Brepols, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Schlauch, Margaret. ‘Wīdsīth, Víthförull, and Some Other Analogues’. PMLA 46 (1931): 969–87.
   Google Scholar
• See, Klaus von, Beatrice La Farge, Eve Picard, and Katja Shulz, eds. Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda, Bd. 3: Götterlieder (Vǫlundarkviða, Alvíssmál, Baldrs draumar, Rígsþula, Hyndlolióð, Grottasǫngr) [Commentary on the poems of the Edda, volume 3: Poems of the gods]. Heidelberg: Winter, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Shippey, Tom. ‘Hrólfs saga kraka and the Legend of Lejre’. In Making History: Essays on the Fornaldarsögur, edited by Martin Arnold and Alison Finlay, 17–32. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Sievers, Eduard. ‘Béowulf und Saxo’ [Beowulf and Saxo]. Berichte über die Verhandlungen der königlich sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, philologisch-historische Klasse 47 (1895): 175–92.
   Google Scholar
• Simek, Rudolf. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Translated by Angela Hall. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Sisam, Kenneth. ‘Anglo-Saxon Royal Genealogies’. Proceedings of the British Academy 39 ( 1953): 287–348.
   Google Scholar
• Sisam, Kenneth.. The Structure of Beowulf. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.
   Google Scholar
• Tolkien, J. R. R. Finn and Hengest: The Fragment and the Episode. Edited by Alan Bliss. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Turville-Petre, E. O. G. Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. New York: Holt, Reinhart & Winston, 1964.
   Google Scholar
• Vries, Jan de. ‘Die Starkadsage’ [The saga of Starkadder]. Germanisch-Romanisch Monatsschrift 36 (1955): 281–97.
   Google Scholar
• Vries, Jan de.. Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte [Old Germanic religious history]. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1970.
   Google Scholar
• Whitelock, Dorothy, ed. and trans. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Revised Translation. With David C. Douglas and Susan I. Tucker. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1961.
   Google Scholar
• Wilken, Ernst, ed. Die prosaische Edda im Auszuge nebst Volsunga-Saga und Nornagests-tháttr: Theil I: Text [The Prose Edda in excerpt alongside Vǫlsunga Saga and Nornagests þáttr: Part 1: Text]. Paderborn: Verlag von Ferdinand Schöningh, 1877.
   Google Scholar