The role of local government in promoting sustainable urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam and Copenhagen

References

• Agrawal, M., Marshall, F. M., & Sharma, R. K. (2008). Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) contamination of vegetables in urban India: A case study in Varanasi. Environmental Pollution, 154(2), 254–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ak’habuhaya, J., & Lodenius, M. (1988). Metal pollution of river Msimbazi, Tanzania. Environment International, 14(14), 511–514. doi:10.1016/0160-4120(88)90412-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amend, J., Jacobi, P., & Kiango, S. (2000). Urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam: Providing for an indispensable part of the diet. In N. Bakker, M. Dubbeling, S. Guendel, U. Sabel Koschella, & H. de Zeeuw (Eds.), Growing cities, growing food, urban agriculture on the policy agenda (pp. 99–117). Feldafing: DSE.
   Google Scholar
• Aubry, C., Ramamonjisoa, J., Dabat, M.-H., Rakotoarisoa, J., Rakotondraibe, J., & Rabeharisoa, L. (2012). Urban agriculture and land use in cities: An approach with the multi-functionality and sustainability concepts in the case of Antananarivo (Madagascar). Land Use Policy, 29(2), 429–439. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.08.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, D., Deelstra, T., & Van den Biggelaar, M. (2001, July). Multifunctional land use – An opportunity for promoting urban agriculture in Europe. Urban Agriculture Magazine, pp. 33–35.
   Google Scholar
• Convery, I., Howorth, C., & O’Keefe, P. (2001). Gardening to reduce hazard: Urban agriculture in Tanzania. Land Degradation & Development, 12(3), 285–291. doi:10.1002/ldr.441
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damin, A., & Palmer, J. F. (2003). Rural life in the city: The chalet garden in Denmark. 2002 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium (pp. 59–64). Newtown Square, PA.
   Google Scholar
• Drechsel, P., & Dongus, S. (2010). Dynamics and sustainability of urban agriculture: Examples from sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainability Science, 5(1), 69–78. doi:10.1007/s11625-009-0097-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drescher, A. (2001). The German allotment gardens – A model for poverty alleviation and food security in southern African cities? Proceedings of the Sub-Regional Expert Meeting on Urban Horticulture (pp. 159–167). Stellenbosch.
   Google Scholar
• Drescher, A., & Magigi, W. (2009). Integration of urban agriculture into spatial planning. In A. W. Drescher, M. W. Pasquini, & C. M. Shackleton (Eds.), African indigenous vegetables in urban agriculture (pp. 245–270). London: CTA Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Drescher, A., Pasquini, M., & Shackleton, C. (2009). Indigenous African vegetables in urban agriculture (p. 298). London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobi, P., Amend, J., & Kiango, S. (2000). Urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam: providing for an indispensable part of the diet. In N. Bakker, M. Dubbeling, S. Guendel, U. Sabel Koschella, & H. de Zeeuw (Eds.), Growing cities, growing food, urban agriculture on the policy agenda (pp. 99–117). Feldafing: DSE.
   Google Scholar
• Kihampa, C., & Mwengoha, J. (2011). Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and water in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4(11), 763–769. doi:10.4314/ajest.v4i11.71346
   Google Scholar
• Københavns Kommune. (2011). Fakta om forureningen [ Facts on pollution]. Retrieved July 19, 2012, from http://www.kk.dk/Borger/Miljoe/JordOgVand/Jordforurening/SpoergsmaalOgSvar/FaktaOmForureningen.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Københavns Skolehaver. (2012). Skolehaven på skoleskemaet [ The school garden in the school curriculum]. Retrieved July 9, 2012, from http://skolehave.dk/kbhskolehaver/skolehaven.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kombe, W. (2005). Land use dynamics in peri-urban areas and their implications on the urban growth and form: The case of Dar es Salaam. Tanzania. Habitat International, 29(1), 113–135. doi:10.1016/S0197-3975(03)00076-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kombe, W. (2010). Land acquisition for public use: Emerging conflicts and their socio-political implications. London, UK; Crisis States Research Centre http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/Output/184862/Default.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Kyessi, A. G. (2005). Community-based urban water management in fringe neighbourhoods: The case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Habitat International, 29(1), 1–25. doi:10.1016/S0197-3975(03)00059-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamba, D., & Lee-smith, D. (2000). Social transformation in a post colonial city: The case of Nairobi. In M. Polese & S. Richard (Eds.), The social sustainability of cities: Diversity and the management of social change (pp. 250–279). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee-Smith, D. (2010). Cities feeding people: An update on urban agriculture in equatorial Africa. Environment and Urbanization, 22(2), 483–499. doi:10.1177/0956247810377383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee-Smith, D., & Prain, G. (2006). Understanding the links between agriculture and health: Focus 13 (p. 234). Washington, DC: IFPRI.
   Google Scholar
• Lovell, S. T. (2010). Multifunctional urban agriculture for sustainable land use planning in the United States. Sustainability, 2(8), 2499–2522. doi:10.3390/su2082499
   Google Scholar
• Madkulturen. (2012). Skolehavernetværk [ School garden network]. Retrieved June 20, 2012 from http://madkulturen.dk/skolehaver.aspx?ID=50773
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell, D. (1995). Alternative food security strategy: A household analysis of urban agriculture in Kampala. World Development, 23(10), 1669–1681. doi:10.1016/0305-750X(95)00073-L
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbiba, B. (1994). Institutional responses to uncontrolled urban cultivation in Harare: Prohibitive or accommodative? Environment and Urbanization, 6(1), 188–202. doi:10.1177/095624789400600116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendes, W. (2008). Implementing social and environmental policies in cities: The case of food policy in Vancouver, Canada. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 32(4), 942–967. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00814.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miljøministeret. (2009). Bekendtgørelse af lov om forurenet jord [ Act on contaminated soil]. Jordforureningsloven. Retrieved March 3, 2012, from https://www.retsinformation.dk/forms/r0710.aspx?id=128733&exp=1
   Google Scholar
• Mlozi, M. (2003). Legal and policy aspects of urban agriculture in Tanz4ania. Urban Agriculture Magazine, pp. 40–41.
   Google Scholar
• Mougeot, L. (2001). Growing cities growing food theme 1 – Urban agriculture: Definition, presence, potentials and risks. In N. Bakker, M. Dubbeling, S. Guendel, U. Sabel Koschella, & H. de Zeeuw (Eds.), Growing cities, growing food, urban agriculture on the policy agenda (pp. 161–180). Feldafing: DSE.
   Google Scholar
• Nasr, J., Ratta, A., & Smit, J. (1996). Urban agriculture: Food, jobs and sustainable cities. In G. Shabbir Cheema (Ed.), Urban agriculture: Food, jobs and sustainable cities (p. 302–306). New York, NY: UNDP.
   Google Scholar
• Rakodi, C. (1988). Urban agriculture: Research questions and Zambian evidence. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 26(3), 495–515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, S. (2012). Getting the policy right: Urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam. Tanzania. International Development Planning Review, 34(2), 129–145. doi:10.3828/idpr.2012.9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit, J., & Nasr, J. (1992). Urban agriculture for sustainable cities: Using wastes and idle land and water bodies as resources. Environment and Urbanization, 4(2), 141–152.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Denmark. (2012). Statisical Yearbook 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2013, from http://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/Publikationer/VisPub.aspx?cid=16251
   Google Scholar
• Sunstein, C. R. (2005). Laws of fear: Beyond the precautionary principle (p. 234). New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• UN-Habitat. (2010). Citywide action plan for upgrading unplanned and unserviced settlements in Dar es Salaam (p. 75). Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
   Google Scholar
• United Republic of Tanzania. (2013). 2012 Population and housing census: Population distribution by administrative areas. Retrieved July 15, 2013, from http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Zander, J. (2010). The application of the precautionary principle in practice (p. 376). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511779862
   Google Scholar