30
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Measuring trees in 3D: what lasers can reveal about our forests

References

  • Ahl, D.E., Gower, S.T., Burrows, S.N., Shabanov, N.V., Myneni, R.B. and Knyazikhin, Y. (2006) ‘Monitoring spring canopy phenology of a deciduous broadleaf forest using MODIS’, Remote Sensing of Environment, 104, 1, pp. 88–95.
  • Ashcroft, M.B., Gollan, J.R. and Ramp, D. (2014) ‘Creating vegetation density profiles for a diverse range of ecological habitats using terrestrial laser scanning’, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 5, 3, pp. 263–72.
  • Asner, G.P, Mascaro, J., Anderson, C., Knapp, D.E., Martin, R.E., Kennedy-Bowdoin, T., Breugel, M., Davies, S., Hall, J.S., Muller-Landau, H.C., Potvin, C., Sousa, W., Wright, J. and Bermingham, E. (2013) ‘High-fidelity national carbon mapping for resource management and REDD+’, Carbon Balance and Management, 8, p. 7.
  • Baltsavias, E.P. (1999) ‘Airborne laser scanning: existing systems and firms and other resources’, Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 54, pp. 164–98.
  • Broadmeadow, M. and Matthews, R. (2003) Forests, Carbon and Climate Change: The UK contribution. Information Note 48. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission.
  • Calders, K., Schenkels, T., Bartholomeus, H., Armston, J., Verbesselt, J. and Herold, M. (2015) ‘Monitoring spring phenology with high temporal resolution terrestrial LiDAR measurements’, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 203, pp. 158–68.
  • Campioli, M., Gielen, B., Granier, A., Verstraeten, A., Neirynck, J. and Janssens, A. (2010) ‘Carbon allocation to biomas production of leaves, fruits and woody organs at seasonal and annual scale in a deciduous and evergreen temperate forest, Biogeosciences Discussions, 7, pp. 7575–606.
  • Clawges, R., Vierling, L., Calhoon, M. and Toomey, M. (2007) ‘Use of a ground-based scanning lidar for estimation of biophysical properties of western larch (Larix occidentalis)’, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28, 19, pp. 4331–44.
  • Culbert, P.D., Radeloff, V.C., Flather, C.H., Kellndorfer, J.M., Rittenhouse, C.D. and Pidgeon, A.M. (2013) ‘The influence of vertical and horizontal habitat structure on nationwide patterns of avian biodiversity’, The Auk, 130, 4, pp. 656–65.
  • Danson, F.M., Gaulton, R., Armitage, R.P, Disney, M., Gunawan, O., Lewis, P. Pearson, G. and Ramirez, A.F. (2014) ‘Developing a dual-wavelength full-waveform terrestrial laser scanner to characterize forest canopy structure’, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 198–9, pp. 7–14.
  • Douglas, E.S., Martel, J., Li, Z., Howe, G., Hewawasam, K., Marshall, R.A., Schaaf, C.L., Cook, T.A., Newham, G.J., Strahler, A. and Chakrabartim, S. (2015) ‘Finding leaves in the forest: the Dual-Wavelength Echidna Lidar’, IEEE Geoscience and Remote, 12, 4, pp. 776–80.
  • Drake, J.B., Knox, R.G., Dubayah, R.O., Clark, D.B., Condit, R., Blair, B.J. and Hofton, M. (2003) ‘Above-ground biomass estimation in closed canopy Neotropical forests using lidar remote sensing: factors affecting the generality of relationships’, Global Ecology & Biogeography, 12, pp. 147–59.
  • Ducey, M.J. and Astrup, R. (2013) ‘Adjusting for nondetection in forest inventories derived from terrestrial laser scanning’, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 39, pp. 410–25.
  • Franklin, O., Johansson, J., Dewar, R.C., Dieckmann, U., McMurtrie, R.E., Brannstorm, A. and Dybzinski, R. (2012) ‘Modeling carbon allocation in trees: a search for principles’, Tree Physiology, 32, 6, pp. 648–66.
  • Guyot, G. (1990) Optical Properties of Vegetation Canopies: Applications of remote sensing in agriculture. London: Butterworths.
  • Hackenberg, J., Wassenberg, M., Spieker, H. and Sun, D. (2015) ‘Non-destructive method for biomass prediction combining TLS derived tree volume and wood density’, Forests, 6, 4, pp. 1274–300.
  • Haggerty, B.P. and Mazer, S.J. (2008) The Phenology Handbook. UCSB Phenology Stewardship Program, University of California.
  • Hakala, T., Suomalainen, J., Kaasalainen, S. and Chen, Y. (2012) ‘Full waveform hyperspectral LiDAR for terrestrial laser scanning’, Optics Express, 20, 7, pp. 7119–27.
  • Hertel, C., Leuchner, M., Roetzer, T. and Menzel, A. (2012) ‘Assessing stand structure of beech and spruce from measured spectral radiation properties and modeled leaf biomass parameters’, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 165, pp. 82–91.
  • Houghton, R.A., Hall, F. and Goetz, S.J. (2009) ‘Importance of biomass in the global carbon cycle’, Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, pp. 1–13.
  • IPCC (2007) Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Avery, K.B., Tignor, M. and Miller, H.L. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC (2013) Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Stocker, T., Dahe, Q. and Plattner, G. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jonckheere, I., Fleck, S., Nackaerts, K., Muys, B., Coppin, P. Weiss, M. and Baret, F. (2004) ‘Review of methods for in situ leaf area index determination Part I. Theories, sensors and hemispherical photography’, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 121, pp. 19–35.
  • Jupp, D.L.B., Culvenor, D.S., Lovell, J.L., Newnham, G.J., Strahler, A. and Woodcock, C.E. (2009) ‘Estimating forest LAI profiles and structural parameters using a ground-based laser called “Echidna”’, Tree Physiology, 29, 2, pp. 171–81.
  • Koch, E., Bruns, E., Chmielewski, F.M., Defila, C., Lipa, W. and Menze, A. (2007) Guidelines for Plant Phenological Observations. Available at: www.omm.urv.cat/documentation.html (last accessed 19/09/2017).
  • Lefsky, M.A., Cohen, W.B., Parker, G.G. and Harding, D.J. (2002) ‘Lidar remote sensing for ecosystem studies’, BioScience, 52, 1, pp. 19–30.
  • Liang, L., Schwartz, M.D. and Fei, S. (2011) ‘Examining spring phenology of forest understory using digital photography’. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 17th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, Carbondale, IL, 5–8 March.
  • Litton, C.M., Raich, J.W. and Ryan, M.G. (2007) ‘Carbon allocation in forest ecosystems’, Global Change Biology, 13, 10, pp. 2089–109.
  • Liu, L., Pang, Y., Zengyuan, L., Si, L. and Liao, S. (2017) ‘Combining airborne and terrestrial laser scanning technologies to measure forest understory volume’, Forests, 8, 4, p. 111.
  • Lochhead, K.D. and Comeau, P.G. (2012) ‘Relationships between forest structure, understorey light and regeneration in complex Douglas-fir dominated stands in south-eastern British Columbia’, Forest Ecology and Management, 284, pp. 21–2.
  • Maas, H.G., Bienert, A., Scheller, S. and Keane, E. (2008) ‘Automatic forest inventory parameter determination from terrestrial laser scanner data’, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, pp. 1579–93.
  • McCune, B., Rosentrerter, R., Ponzetti, J.M. and Shaw, D.C. (1997) ‘Epiphyte habitats in an old conifer forest in western Washington, USA’, The Bryologist, 103, 3, pp. 417–27.
  • MEA (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.
  • Menzel, A., Sparks, T.H., Estrella, N., Koch, E., Aasa, A., Ahas, R. and Zust, A. (2006) ‘European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern’, Global Change Biology, 12, 10, pp. 1969–76.
  • Miller-Rushing, R.B. and Primack, A.J. (2008) ‘Global warming and flowering times in Thoreau's Concord: A community perspective’, Ecology, 89, pp 332–41.
  • Mizunuma, T., Wilkinson, M.L., Eaton, E., Mencuccini, M.I.L., Morison, J., Grace, J. and Ostle, N. (2013) ‘The relationship between carbon dioxide uptake and canopy colour from two camera systems in a deciduous forest in southern England’, Functional Ecology, 27, 1, pp. 196–207.
  • Moorthy, I., Miller, J.R., Hu, B.X., Chen, J. and Li, Q.M. (2008) ‘Retrieving crown leaf area index from an individual tree using ground-based lidar data’, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 34, pp. 320–32.
  • Moskal, L.M. and Zheng, G. (2011) ‘Retrieving forest inventory variables with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in urban heterogeneous forest’, Remote Sensing, 4, pp. 1–20.
  • Naito, H., Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran, P. Shimizu, Y., Hosoi, F. and Omasa, K. (2012) ‘Summer-season differences in NDVI and iTVDI among vegetation cover types in Lake Mashu, Hokkaido, Japan using Landsat TM data’, Environment Control in Biology (special issue), 50, 2, pp. 163–71.
  • NASA (n.d.) The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation Lidar. Available at: https://science.nasa.gov/missions/gedi (last accessed 19.09.2017).
  • Newnham, G.J., Armston, J.D., Calders, K., Disney, M.I., Lovell, J.L., Schaaf, C.B., Strahler, A.H. and Danson, F.M. (2015) ‘Terrestrial laser scanning for plot-scale forest measurement’, Remote Sensing, 1, 4, pp. 239–51.
  • Portillo-Quintero, C., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A. and Culvenor, D. (2014) ‘Using VEGNET in-situ monitoring LiDAR (IML) to capture dynamics of plant area index, structure and phenology in Aspen Parkland Forests in Alberta, Canada’, Forests, 5, 5, pp. 1053–68.
  • Raumonen, P. Kaasalainen, M., Akerblom, M., Kaasalainen, S., Kaartinen, H., Vastaranta, M., Holopainen, M., Disney, M. and Lewis, P. (2013) ‘Fast automatic precision tree models from terrestrial laser scanner data’, Remote Sensing, 5, 2, pp. 491–520.
  • Ray, D., Morison, J.I.L. and Broadmeadow, M. (2010) Climate Change: Impacts and adaption in England's woodlands. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission.
  • Read, D.J., Freer-Smith, P.H., Morison, J.I.L., Hanley, N., West, C.C. and Snowdon, P. (eds) (2009) Combating Climate Change: A role for UK forests. An assessment of the potential of the UK's trees and woodlands to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Edinburgh: TSO.
  • Richardson, A.D., Braswell, B.H., Hollinger, D.Y., Jenkins, J.P. and Ollinger, S.V. (2009) ‘Near-surface remote sensing of spatial and temporal variation in canopy phenology’, Ecological Applications, 19, 6, 1417–28.
  • Schofield, L.A., Danson, F.M., Entwistle, N.S., Gaulton, R. and Hancock, S. (2016) ‘Radiometric calibration of a dual-wavelength terrestrial laser scanner using neural networks’, Remote Sensing Letters, 7, 4, pp. 299–308.
  • Sparks, T.H. and Gill, R. (2002) ‘Climate change and the seasonality of woodland flora and fauna’ in Broadmeadow, M.S.J. (ed) Climate Change: Impacts on UK forests (Bulletin 125). Edinburgh: Forestry Commission, pp. 69–82.
  • Spies, T.A. (1998) ‘Forest structure: a key to the ecosystem’, Northwest Science, 72, 2, pp. 34–9.
  • Tang, H., Dubayah, R., Brolly, M., Ganguly, S. and Zhang, G. (2014) ‘Large-scale retrieval of leaf area index and vertical foliage profiles form the spacebourne waveform lidar (GLAS/ICESat)’, Remote Sensing of Environment, 153, pp. 8–18.
  • TLSIIG (n.d.) Terrestrial laser scanning international interest group. Available at: http://tlsiig.bu.edu/ (last accessed 19.09.2017).
  • Ullrich, A., Reichert, R., Studnicka, N. and Riegl, J. (1999) ‘High-performance 3D-imaging lasere sensor’ in EUROPTO Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications proceedings, Munich, Germany, pp. 65864.
  • Veblen, T.T., Kitzberger, T. and Donnegan, J. (2000) ‘Climatic and human influences on fire regimes in ponderosa pine forests in the Colorado Front Range’, Ecological Applications, 10, 4, pp. 1178–95.
  • Vierling, K.T., Vierling, L.A., Gould, W.A., Martinuzzi, S. and Clawges, R.M. (2008) ‘LIDAR: shedding new light on habitat characterization and modeling’, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6, 2, pp. 90–8.
  • Waring, R.H. and Schlesinger, W.H. (1985) Forest Ecosystems: Concepts and management. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
  • Webb, W.L., Lauenroth, W.K., Szarek, S.R. and Kinerson, R.S. (1983) ‘Primary production and abiotic controls in forests, grasslands, and desert ecosystems in the United States’, Ecology, 64, pp. 134–51.
  • Wehr, A. and Lohr, U. (1999) ‘Airborne laser scanning – an introduction and overview. International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing’, Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 54, 2–3, pp. 6882.
  • White, M.A. and Nemani, R.R. (2003) ‘Canopy duration has little influence on annual carbon storage in the deciduous broad leaf forest’, Global Change Biology, 9, pp. 967–72.
  • Wulder, M.A. (1998) ‘Optical remote sensing techniques for the assessment of forest inventory and biophysical parameters’, Progress in Physical Geography, 22, 4, pp. 449–76.
  • Zhang, X., Friedl, M.A., Schaaf, C.B., Strahler, A.H., Hodges, J.C.F., Gao, F., Reed, B. and Huete, A. (2003) ‘Monitoring vegetation phenology using MODIS’, Remote Sensing of Environment, 84, pp. 471–5.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.