References
- Ainsworth , G. C. 1952 . The incidence of air‐borne Cladosporium spores in the London region . J. Gen. Microbiol. , 7 : 358 – 361 .
- Anonymous . 1972 . “ Climatological data 1971 ” . In Meteorological yearbook of Finland. 71(1a) , Helsinki : Finn. Meteorol. Inst. .
- Anonymous . 1994 . Meteorological yearbook of Finland. 1993 , Helsinki : Finn. Meteorol. Inst. .
- Aylor , D. E. 1990 . The role of intermittend wind in the dispersal of fungal pathogens . Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. , 28 : 73 – 92 .
- Ballero , M. , Carluccio , A. , Piu , G. and Camba , G. 1984 . Rilevamenti su Alternaria sp. e Cladosporium sp., spore aerodiffuse nell'atmosfera di Cagliari . Folia Allergol. Immunol. Clin. , 31 : 423 – 428 .
- Ballero , M. , de Gioannis , N. , Goretti , G. , Lombardini , S. and Frenguelli , G. 1992 . Comparative study about airborne spores in Cagliari and Perugia . Aerobiologia , 8 : 141 – 147 .
- Corbaz , R. 1972 . Etudes des spores fongiques captées dans l'air. II. Dans un vignoble . Phytopathol. Z. , 74 : 318 – 328 .
- Dutzmann , S. 1985 . Zur Analyse der Beziehung zwischen Klimadaten und Sporenproduktion sowie Sporenverbreitung von Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei . Z. Pflanzenkr. Planzenschutz , 92 : 629 – 642 .
- Ebner , M. R. , Haselwandter , K. and Frank , A. 1989 . Seasonal fluctuations of airborne fungal allergens . Mycol. Res. , 92 : 170 – 176 .
- Ellis , M. B. 1971 . Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes . Commonw. Mycol. Inst. Kew. ,
- Ellis , M. B. 1976 . More dematiaceous Hyphomycetes . Commonw. Mycol. Inst. Kew. ,
- Fernández‐González , D. , Suarez‐Cervera , M. , Diaz‐González , T. and Valencia‐Barrera , R. M. 1993 . Airborne pollen and spores of León (Spain) . Int. J. Biometeorol. , 37 : 89 – 95 .
- Fitt , B. D. L. , McCartney , H. A. and Walklate , P. J. 1989 . The role of rain in dispersal of pathogen inoculum . Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. , 27 : 241 – 270 .
- Gregory , P. H. 1973 . The microbiology of the atmosphere , 2nd ed. , Plymouth : L. Hill .
- de Groot , R. C. 1968 . Diurnal cycles of airborne spores produced by forest fungi . Phytopathology , 58 : 1223 – 1229 .
- Halwagy , M. H. 1989 . Seasonal airspora at three sites in Kuwait 1977–1982 . Mycol. Res. , 93 : 208 – 213 .
- Hammett , K. R. W. and Manners , J. G. 1971 . Conidium liberation in Erysiphe graminis. I. Visual and statistical analysis of spore trap records . Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. , 56 : 387 – 401 .
- Hirst , J. M. 1953 . Changes in atmospheric spore content: Diurnal periodicity and the effects of weather . Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. , 36 : 375 – 393 .
- Hirst , J. M. and Stedman , O. J. 1963 . Dry liberation of fungus spores by raindrops . J. Gen. Microbiol. , 33 : 335 – 344 .
- Hjelmroos , M. 1993 . Relationship between airborne fungal spore presence and weather variables. Cladosporium and Alternaria . Grana , 32 : 40 – 47 .
- Hyde , H. A. and Williams , D. A. 1953 . The incidence of Cladosporium herbarum in the outdoor air at Cardiff, 1949–50 . Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. , 36 : 260 – 266 .
- Kurkela , T. 1973 . Epiphytology of Melampsora rusts of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and aspen (Populus tremula L . Commun. Inst. For. Fenniae , 79 ( 4 )
- Kurkela , T. 1974 . Colonization of Melampsora uredia on aspen leaves by Cladosporium sp . Commun. Inst. For. Fenniae , 80 ( 3 )
- Kurkela , T. 1994 . A sampler making discrete spore prints, useful for spore release studies . Karstenia , 34 : 61 – 64 .
- Kurkela , T. T. 1995 . Short‐term variation in ascospore release by Phacidium infestans on the needles of Pinus sylvestris . Eur. J. For. Pathol. , 25 : 274 – 281 .
- Kurkela , T. T. 1996 . Ascospore production period of Phacidium infestans, a snow blight fungus on Pinus sylvestris . Scand. J. For. Res. , 11 : 60 – 67 .
- Lacey , J. 1981 . “ The aerobiology of conidial fungi ” . In Biology of conidial fungi I , Edited by: Cole , G. T. and Kendrick , B. 486 London : Academic Press .
- Lacey , J. 1996 . Spore dispersal—its role in ecology and disease: the British contribution to fungal aerobiology . Mycol. Res. , 100 : 641 – 660 .
- Mäkinen , O. and Ollikainen , P. 1973 . “ Diurnal and seasonal variations in the airspora composition in Turku, S. Finland ” . In Scandinavian aerobiology , Bull. Ecol. Res. Commun. 18 Edited by: Nilsson , S. 143 – 152 . Stockholm : NFR .
- Mallaiah , K. V. and Rao , A. S. 1982 . Aerial dissemination of urediniospores of groundnut rust . Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. , 78 : 21 – 28 .
- Mazzola , M. and Bergdahl , D. R. 1989 . The phenology and spore dissemination patterns of Uredinopsis mirabilis on Abies balsamea and Onoclea sensibilis . Can. J. For. Res. , 19 : 88 – 95 .
- Morgan‐Jones , G. and McKemy , J. M. 1990 . Studies in the genus Cladosporium sensu lato. I. Concerning Cladosporium uredinicola, occurring on telial columns of Cronartium quercuum and other rusts . Mycotaxon , 39 : 185 – 202 .
- Pechmann , H. von , Graessle , E. and Wutz , A. 1964 . Untersuchungen über die Bläuepilze an Kiefernholz . Forstwiss. Centralblatt , 83 : 290 – 314 .
- Rantio‐Lehtimäki , A. , Helander , M. L. and Pessi , A.‐M. 1991 . Circadian periodicity of airborne pollen and spores; significance of sampling height . Aerobiologia , 7 : 129 – 135 .
- Rich , S. and Waggoner , P. E. 1962 . Atmospheric concentration of Cladosporium spores . Science , 137 : 962 – 965 .
- Savary , S. 1986 . Relative humidity and wind velocity associated with diurnal rhythmicity of aerial dispersal of Puccinia arachidis urediniospores . Neth. J. Plant Pathol. , 92 : 115 – 125 .
- Savary , S. and Janeau , J. L. 1986 . Rain induced dispersal in Puccinia arachidis, studied by means of rainfall simulator . Neth. J. Plant Pathol. , 92 : 163 – 174 .
- Sharma , I. K. and Heather , W. A. 1988 . Light and electron microscope studies on Cladosporium tenuissimum, mycoparasite on poplar leaf rust, Melampsora larici‐populina . Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. , 90 : 125 – 130 .
- Shaw , R. H. and McCartney , H. R. 1985 . Gust penetration into plant canopies . Atmos. Environ. , 19 : 827 – 830 .
- SYSTAT . 1992 . SYSTAT for Windows: Statistics , 5 ed. , Ewanston, IL : SYSTAT Inc. . Vers.
- Vijay , H. M. , Burton , M. , Young , N. M. , Copeland , D. F. and Corlett , M. 1991 . Allergenic components of isolates of Cladosporium herbarum . Grana , 30 : 161 – 165 .
- Vries , G. A. de . 1967 . Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Cladosporium Link ex Fr. , Bibl. Mycol. 3 Lehre : J. Cramer . (Reprinted 1952 ed.) (Uitgeverij & Drukkerij Hollandia, Baarn)