Pollen types in the Amaranthaceae. Morphology and evolutionary significance

References

• Bittrich , V. 1993 . “ Introduction to Centrospermae ” . In The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants , Edited by: Kubitzki , K. 13 – 19 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Borsch , Th. 1993 . “ Amaranthaceae ‐ In: Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru ” . In Monographs in Systematic Botany , Edited by: Brako , L. and Zarucchi , L. Vol. 45 , 8 – 26 . St. Louis, MO : Missouri Botanical Garden .
   Google Scholar
• Borsch , Th. 1995 . Three New Combinations in Pfaffia (Amaranthaceae) from the New World Tropics . Novon , 5 : 230 – 233 .
   Google Scholar
• Borsch , Th. and Barthlott , W. 1998 . Structure and evolution of metareticulate pollen . Grana , 37 : 65 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsch , Th. and Pedersen , T. M. 1997 . Restoring the generic rank of Hebanthe Mart. (Amaranthaceae) . Sendtnera , 4 : 13 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Clement , J. S. and Mabry , T. J. 1996 . Pigment evolution in the Caryophyllales: a systematic overview . Botanica Acta , 109 : 360 – 367 .
   Google Scholar
• Cuadrado , G. A. 1988 . Granos de polen de Amaranthaceae del nordeste Argentino: 2. Genero Pfaffia . Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica , 25 ( 3–4 ) : 385 – 394 .
   Google Scholar
• Cuadrado , G. A. 1989 . Granos de polen de Amaranthaceae del nordeste Argentino: 3. Generos Alternanthera, Froelichia y Gomphrena . Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica , 26 ( 1–2 ) : 61 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Downie , S. R. and Palmer , J. D. 1994 . “ Phylogenetic relationships using restriction site variation of the chloroplast DNA inverted repeat ” . In Caryophyllales. Evolution and Systematics , Edited by: Behnke , H.‐D. and Mabry , T. J. 223 – 233 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Ehrendorfer , F. 1976 . Closing remarks: Systematics and Evolution of Centrospermous Families . Plant Systematics and Evolution , 126 : 99 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliasson , U. H. 1988 . Floral morphology and taxonomic relations among the genera of Amaranthaceae in the New World and the Hawaiian Islands . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 96 ( 3 ) : 235 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erdtman , G. 1952 . Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy Reprint 1986 , Leiden : E. J. Brill .
   Google Scholar
• Erdtman , G. 1960 . The acetolysis method . Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift , 54 : 561 – 564 .
   Google Scholar
• Henrickson , J. and Sundberg , S. 1986 . On the submersion of Dicaurus into Iresine (Amaranthaceae) . Aliso , 11 ( 3 ) : 355 – 364 .
   Google Scholar
• Hesse , M. 1980 . Zur Frage der Anheftung des Pollens an blütenbe‐suchenden Insekten mittels Pollenkitt und Viscinfäden . Plant Systematics and Evolution , 133 : 135 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Hesse , M. 1980 . Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen der Alismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae und Araceae . Plant Systematics and Evolution , 134 : 229 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesse , M. and Waha , M. 1989 . A new look on the acetolysis method . Plant Systematics and Evolution , 163 : 147 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmgren , P. K. , Holmgren , N. H. and Barnett , L. C. 1990 . “ Index Herbariorum ” . In Regnum Vegetabile , 8. ed. , Vol. 120 , New York : New York Botanical Garden .
   Google Scholar
• Larsen , K. , Larsen , S. S. and Pedersen , T. M. 1987 . Siamosia thailandica, gen. et spec. nov. from Thailand (Amaranthaceae) . Nordic Journal of Botany , 7 : 271 – 276 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach , G. J. , Townsend , C. C. and Harley , M. M. 1993 . Omegandra, a new genus of Amaranthaceae from Australia . Kew Bulletin , 48 ( 4 ) : 787 – 793 .
   Google Scholar
• Leuenberger , B. E. 1976 . “ Die Pollenmorphologie der Cactaceae und ihre Bedeutung für die Systematik ” . In Dissertationes Botanicae , Vol. 31 , Vaduz : J. Cramer .
   Google Scholar
• Li , X. , Huang , X. and Zhan , Y. 1993 . Scanning electron microscopic observations of the pollen morphology of Alternanthera from China . Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research , 11 ( 2 ) : 117 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Livingstone , D. A. 1972 . The pollen morphology of African Amaranthaceae . American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists 3rd annual meeting . 1972 . Edited by: Perkins , B. F. pp. 1 – 132 . Toronto : AASP .
   Google Scholar
• Livingstone , D. A. , Tomlinson , M. , Friedman , G. and Broome , R. 1973 . Stellate pore ornamentation in pollen grains of the Amaranthaceae . Pollen & Spores , 15 ( 3–4 ) : 345 – 351 .
   Google Scholar
• Manhart , J. R. and Rettig , J. H. 1994 . “ Gene sequence data ” . In Caryophyllales. Evolution and Systematics , Edited by: Behnke , H.‐D. and Mabry , T. J. 235 – 46 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Martius , C. F. P. von . 1823–1832 . Nova genera et species plantarum , Monachii : Lindauer et Wolf .
   Google Scholar
• Melhem , T. S. A. and Cruz , M. A. V. D. 1980 . Graos de polen de plantas alergogenas: Amaranthaceae e Chenopodiaceae . Hoehnea , 8 : 47 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Nair , P. K. K. and Rastogi , K. 1966 . Pollen grains of Indian plants 8. Amaranthaceae . National Botanic Gardens Bulletin, Lucknow , 18 : 1 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Nowicke , J. W. 1975 . Pollen morphology in the order Centrospermae . Grana , 15 : 51 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Nowicke , J. W. 1994 . “ Pollen morphology and exine ultrastructure ” . In Caryophyllales. Evolution and systematics , Edited by: Behnke , H.‐D. and Mabry , T. J. 167 – 222 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Nowicke , J. W. and Skvarla , J. J. 1977 . Pollen morphology and the relationship of the Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae and Primulaceae to the order Centrospermae . Smithsonian Contributions to Botany , 37 : 1 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen , T. M. 1990 . Studies in South American Amaranthaceae: 3 (including one amphi‐Atlantic species) . Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section B, Adansonia , 12 ( 1 ) : 69 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Punt , W. , Blackmore , S. , Nilsson , S. and Le Thomas , A. 1994 . Glossary of Pollen and Spore Terminology , LPP Contribution Series No. 1 Utrecht : LPP Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Riollet , G. and Bonnefille , R. 1976 . Pollen des Amaranthacees du Benin e du Lac Rodolphe (Afrique Orientale): determinations générique et spécifique . Pollen & Spores , 18 ( 1 ) : 67 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Rodman , J. E. 1990 . Centrospermae revisited, part I . Taxon , 39 : 383 – 393 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodman , J. E. 1994 . “ Cladistic and phenetic studies ” . In Caryophyllales. Evolution and Systematics , Edited by: Behnke , H.‐D. and Mabry , T. J. 279 – 301 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Roland , F. 1971 . Données évolutives résultant de l'étude ultrastructurale des apertures de pollens appartenant au groupe Ranales Centrospermales . Revue Générale de Botanique , 78 : 329 – 338 .
   Google Scholar
• Schinz , H. 1893 . “ Amaranthaceae ” . In Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien , 1st ed. , Edited by: Engler , A. and Prantl , K. Vol. III , 91 – 118 . Leipzig : W. Engelmann .
   Google Scholar
• Schinz , H. 1934 . “ Amaranthaceae ” . In Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Engler , A. and Prantl , K. Vol. 16c , 7 – 85 . Leipzig : W. Engelmann .
   Google Scholar
• Skvarla , J. J. and Nowicke , J. W. 1976 . Ultrastructure of pollen exine in centrospermous families . Plant Systematics and Evolution , 126 : 55 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava , V. , Pal , M. and Nair , P. K. K. 1977 . A study of the pollen grains of Amaranthus spinosus L. and A. dubius Mart, ex Thell. and their hybrids . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , 23 ( 4 ) : 287 – 291 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend , C. C. 1974 . Notes on Amaranthaceae: 2 . Kew Bulletin , 29 ( 3 ) : 461 – 475 .
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , C. C. 1978 . The genera Dasysphaera and Volkensinia: notes on Amaranthaceae: 4 . Kew Bulletin , 33 : 417 – 419 .
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , C. C. 1979 . A second species of Nelsia Schinz: Notes on Amaranthaceae: 7 . Kew Bulletin , 34 : 235 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , C. C. 1979 . The generic position of Centema stefaninii Chiov. Notes on Amaranthaceae: 8 . Kew Bulletin , 34 : 237 – 238 .
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , C. C. 1993 . “ Amaranthaceae ” . In Families and Genera of Vascular Plants , Edited by: Kubitzki , K. Vol. 2 , 70 – 91 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Vishnu‐Mittre , P. 1963 . Pollen morphology of Indian Amaranthaceae . Journal of the Indian Botanical Society , 42 : 86 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Zandonella , P. and Lecocq , M. 1977 . Morphologie pollinique et mode pollinisation chez les Amaranthaceae . Pollen & Spores , 19 ( 1 ) : 119 – 141 .
   Google Scholar