Geochemistry and petrogenesis of mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Central Indian Ridge, latitude 8°–17° S: denudation of mantle harzburgites and gabbroic rocks and compositional variation of basalts

References

• Arai, S., 1994, Characterization of spinel peridotites by olivine–spinel compositional relationships: Review and interpretation: Chemical Geology, v. 113, p. 191–204. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)90066-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auzende, J.M., Cannat, M., Gente, P., Henriet, J.P., Juteau, T., Karson, J.A., Lagabrielle, Y., Mével, C., and Tivey, M., 1994, Observation of sections of oceanic crust and mantle cropping out on the southern wall of Kane FZ (North Atlantic): Terra Nova, v. 6, p. 143–148. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1994.tb00647.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bas, M.J., Maitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A., and Zanettin, B., 1986, A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram: Journal of Petrology, v. 27, p. 745–750. doi:10.1093/petrology/27.3.745.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beard, J., Fullagar, P.J., and Sinha, A.K., 2002, Gabbroic pegmatite intrusions, Iberia abyssal plain, ODP Leg 173, Site 1070: Magmatism during a transition from non-volcanic rifting to sea-floor spreading: Journal of Petrology, v. 43, p. 885–905. doi:10.1093/petrology/43.5.885.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman, D.K., Canales, J.P., and Harding, A., 2009, Geophysical signatures of oceanic core complexes: Geophysical Journal International, v. 178, p. 593–613. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04184.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman, D.K., Cann, J.R., Janssen, B., and Smith, D.K., 1998, Origin of extensional core complexes: Evidence from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at Atlantis Fracture Zone: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 103, p. 21315–21333. doi:10.1029/98JB01756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomer, S.H., Natland, J.H., and Fisher, R.L., 1989, Mineral relationships in gabbroic rocks from fracture zones of Indian Ocean ridges: Evidence for extensive fractionation, parental diversity and boundary-layer recrystallization, in Saunders, A.D., and Norry, M.J., eds., Magmatism in the oceanic basins: Geological Society Special Publication, No. 42, p. 107–124.
   Google Scholar
• Canales, J.P., Detrick, R.S., Lin, J., Collins, J.A., and Toomey, D.R., 2000, Crustal and upper mantle seismic structure beneath the rift mountains and across a non-transform offset at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (35°N): Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 105, p. 2699–2719. doi:10.1029/1999JB900379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cann, J.R., Blackman, D.K., Smith, D.K., Mcallister, E., Janssen, B., Mello, S., Avgerinos, E., Pascoe, A.R., and Escartin, J., 1997, Corrugated slip surfaces formed at ridge-transform intersections on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Nature, v. 385, p. 329–332. doi:10.1038/385329a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannat, M., 1993, Emplacement of mantle rocks in the seafloor at mid-ocean ridges: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 98, p. 4163–4172. doi:10.1029/92JB02221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannat, M., Bideau, D., and Bougault, H., 1992, Serpentinized peridotites and gabbros in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axial valley at 15°37′N and 16°52′N: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 109, p. 87–106. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(92)90076-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannat, M., and Casey, J.F., 1995, An ultramafic lift at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Successive stages of magmatism in serpentinized peridotites from the 15°N region, in Vissers, R.L.M., and Nicolas, A., eds., Mantle and lower crust exposed in oceanic ridges and in ophiolites: Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic, p. 5–34.
   Google Scholar
• Cannat, M., Lagabrielle, Y., Bougault, H., Casey, J., De Coutures, N., Dmitriev, L., and Fouquet, Y., 1997, Ultramafic and gabbroic exposures at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Geological mapping in the 15°N region: Tectonophysics, v. 279, p. 193–213. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00113-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannat, M., Mével, C., Maia, M., Deplus, C., Durand, C., Gente, P., Agrinier, P., Belarouchi, A., Dubuisson, G., Humler, E., and Reynolds, J., 1995, Thin crust, ultramafic exposures, and rugged faulting patterns at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (22°–24°N): Geology, v. 23, p. 49–52. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0049:TCUEAR>2.3.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannat, M., Rommevaux-Jestin, C., and Fujimoto, H., 2003, Melt supply variations to a magma-poor ultra-slow spreading ridge (Southwest Indian Ridge 61°–69°E): Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 4, p. 9104. doi:10.1029/2002GC000480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Escartín, J., Lavier, L., and Picazo, S., 2009, Oceanic corrugated surfaces and the strength of the axial lithosphere at slow spreading ridges: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 288, p. 174–183. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Mendel, V., Ruellan, E., Okino, K., Escartin, J., Combier, V., and Baala, M., 2006, Modes of seafloor generation at a melt-poor ultraslow-spreading ridge: Geology, v. 34, p. 605–608. doi:10.1130/G22486.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaubey, A.K., Bhattacharya, G.C., Murty, G.P.S., and Desa, M., 1993, Spreading history of the Arabian Sea: Some new constraints: Marine Geology, v. 112, p. 343–352. doi:10.1016/0025-3227(93)90178-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick, H.J.B., and Bullen, T., 1984, Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator in abyssal and alpine-type peridotites and spatially associated lavas: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 86, p. 54–76. doi:10.1007/BF00373711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick, H.J.B., Lin, J., and Schouten, H., 2003, An ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge: Nature, v. 426, p. 405–412. doi:10.1038/nature02128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick, H.J.B., Lissenberg, C.J., and Warren, J.M., 2010, Mantle melting, melt transport, and delivery beneath a slow-spreading ridge: The paleo-MAR from 23 15′N to 23 45′N: Journal of Petrology, v. 51, p. 425–467. doi:10.1093/petrology/egp088.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick, H.J.B., Tivey, M.A., and Tucholke, B.E., 2008, Plutonic foundation of a slow-spreading ridge segment: Oceanic core complex at Kane Megamullion, 23°30ʹN, 45°20ʹW: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 9, p. Q05014. doi:10.1029/2007GC001645.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drolia, R.K., and DeMets, C., 2005, Deformation in the diffuse India-Capricorn-Somalia triple junction from a multibeam and magnetic survey of the northern Central Indian Ridge, 3°S 10°S: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 6, p. Q09009. doi:10.1029/2005GC000950.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupré, B., and Allègre, C.J., 1983, Pb-Sr isotope variation in Indian Ocean basalts and mixing phenomena: Nature, v. 303, p. 142–146. doi:10.1038/303142a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durant, C., Ballu, V., Gente, P., and Dubois, J., 1996, Horst and Graben structures on the flanks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the MARK area (23°22′N): Submersible observations: Tectonophysics, v. 265, p. 275–297. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00049-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyment, J., Hémond, C., Guillou, H., Maia, M., Briais, A., and Gente, P., 2001, Central Indian Ridge and Réunion hot spot in Rodrigues area: Another type of ridge‐hot spot interaction?: Eos Transactions, AGU v. 82, no. 47. Fall Meeting Supplementary, T31D‐05.
   Google Scholar
• Engel, C.G., and Fisher, R.L., 1975, Granitic to ultramafic rock complexes of the Indian Ocean ridge system, western Indian Ocean: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 86, p. 1553–1578. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<1553:GTURCO>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escrig, S., Capmas, F., Dupré, B., and Allègre, C.J., 2004, Osmium isotopic constraints on the nature of the DUPAL anomaly from Indian mid-ocean-ridge basalts: Nature, v. 431, p. 59–63. doi:10.1038/nature02904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franz, L., and Wirth, R., 2000, Spinel inclusions in olivine of peridotite xenoliths from TUBAF seamount (Bismarck Archipelago/Papua New Guinea): Evidence for the thermal and tectonic evolution of the oceanic lithosphere: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 140, p. 283–295. doi:10.1007/s004100000188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Füri, E., Hilton, D.R., Murton, B.J., Hémond, C., Dyment, J., and Day, J.M.D., 2011, Helium isotope variations between Réunion Island and the Central Indian Ridge (17°–21°S): New evidence for ridge–hot spot interaction: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 116, p. 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godard, M., Awaji, S., Hansen, H., Hellebrand, E., Brunelli, D., Johnson, K., Yamasaki, T., Maeda, J., Abratis, M., Christie, D., Kato, Y., Mariet, C., and Rosner, M., 2009, Geochemistry of a long in-situ section of intrusive slow-spread oceanic lithosphere: Results from IODP Site U1309 (Atlantis Massif, 30°N Mid-Atlantic-Ridge): Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 279, p. 110–122. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godard, M., Lagabrielle, Y., Alard, O., and Harvey, J., 2008, Geochemistry of the highly depleted peridotites drilled at ODP Sites 1272 and 1274 (Fifteen-Twenty Fracture Zone, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Implications for mantle dynamics beneath a slow spreading ridge: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 267, p. 410–425. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, R.G., and Chu, D., 1999, Evidence for motion between Nubia and Somalia along the Southwest Indian Ridge: Nature, v. 398, p. 64–67. doi:10.1038/18014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamelin, B., and Allègre, C.J., 1985, Large-scale regional units in the depleted upper mantle revealed by an isotope study of the southwest Indian Ridge: Nature, v. 315, p. 196–199. doi:10.1038/315196a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedge, C.E., Futa, K., Engel, C.G., and Fisher, R.L., 1979, Rare earth abundances and Rb-Sr systematics of basalts, gabbro, anorthosite and minor granitic rocks from the Indian Ocean ridge system, Western Indian Ocean: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 68, p. 373–376. doi:10.1007/BF01164522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellebrand, E., Snow, J.E., Dick, H.J.B., and Hofmann, A.W., 2001, Coupled major and trace elements as indicators of the extent of melting in the mid-ocean-ridge peridotites: Nature, v. 410, p. 677–681. doi:10.1038/35070546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellebrand, E., Snow, J.E., Hoppe, P., and Hofmann, A.W., 2002, Garnet-field melting and late-stage refertilization in ‘residual’ abyssal peridotites from the Central Indian Ridge: Journal of Petrology, v. 43, p. 2305–2338. doi:10.1093/petrology/43.12.2305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, A.W., 2013, Sampling mantle heterogeneity through oceanic basalts: Isotopes and trace elements, in Carlson, R.W., ed., Treatise on geochemistry, Vol. 2: The mantle and core: Oxford, Elsevier-Pergamon, p. 61–101.
   Google Scholar
• Hosford, A., 2001, Crustal accretion and evolution at slow and ultra-slow spreading mid-ocean ridges [Ph.D. thesis]: Cambridge, MA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 250 p.
   Google Scholar
• Humler, E., and Whitechurch, H., 1988, Petrology of basalts from the Central Indian Ridge (lat. 25°23′S, long. 70°04′E): Estimates of frequencies and fractional volumes of magma injections in a two-layered reservoir: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 88, p. 169–181. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(88)90055-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ildefonse, B., Blackman, D.K., John, B.E., Ohara, Y., Miller, D.J., and MacLeod, C.J., Expedition Scientific Party, 2007, Oceanic core complexes and crustal accretion at slow-spreading ridges: Geology, v. 35, p. 623–626. doi:10.1130/G23531A.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irvine, T.N., and Baragar, W.R.A., 1971, A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 8, p. 523–548. doi:10.1139/e71-055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito, E., White, W.M., and Göpel, C., 1987, The O, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope geochemistry of MORB: Chemical Geology, v. 62, p. 157–176. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(87)90083-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaques, A.L., and Green, D.H., 1980, Anhydrous melting of peridotite at 0-15 kb pressure and the genesis of tholeiitic basalts: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 73, p. 287–310. doi:10.1007/BF00381447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamesh Raju, K.A., Chaubey, A.K., Amarnath, D., and Mudholkar, A., 2008, Morphotectonics of the Carlsberg Ridge between 62°20′ and 66°20′E, northwest Indian Ocean: Marine Geology, v. 252, p. 120–128. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2008.03.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamesh Raju, K.A., Samudrala, K., Drolia, R.K., Amarnath, D., Ramachandran, R., and Mudholkar, A., 2012, Segmentation and morphology of the Central Indian Ridge between 3°S and 11°S, Indian Ocean: Tectonophysics, v. 554–557, p. 114–126. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karson, J.A., and Lawrence, R.M., 1997, Tectonic setting of serpentinite exposures on the western median valley wall of the MARK area in the vicinity of ODP Site 920, in Karson, J.A., Cannat, M., Miller, D.J., and Elthon, D., eds., Proceedings of the Ocean drilling program, scientific results, Volume 153: College Station, TX, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, p. 5–21.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J., Pak, S.J., Kim, J.H., and Moon, J.W., 2012, Mantle heterogeneity observed in MORB form the northern Central Indian Ridge, 8°–17°S: Eos Transactions, AGU, v. 93, no. 52. Fall Meeting Supplementary, OS13B-1745.
   Google Scholar
• Kuno, H., 1966, Lateral variation of basalt magma type across continental margins and Island Arcs: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 29, p. 195–222. doi:10.1007/BF02597153.
   Google Scholar
• Kuno, H., 1968, Differenciation of basalt magmas, in Hess, H.H., and Poldervaart, A., eds., Basalts: The Poldervaart treatise on rocks of basaltic composition, Volume 2: New York, NY, Interscience, p. 623–688.
   Google Scholar
• Le Roex, A.P., Dick, H.J.B., Erlank, A.J., Reid, A.M., Frey, F.A., and Hart, S.R., 1983, Geochemistry, mineralogy and petrogenesis of lavas erupted along the Southwest Indian Ridge between the Bouvet Triple Junction and 1l°E: Journal of Petrology, v. 24, p. 267–318. doi:10.1093/petrology/24.3.267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Roex, A.P., Dick, H.J.B., and Fisher, R.L., 1989, Petrology and geochemistry of MORB from 25°E to 46°E along the Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence for contrasting styles of mantle enrichment: Journal of Petrology, v. 30, p. 947–986. doi:10.1093/petrology/30.4.947.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney, J.J., Frei, R., Tejada, M.L.G., Mo, X.X., Leat, P.T., and Nägler, T.F., 1998, Tracing the Indian Ocean mantle domain through time: Isotopic results from old West Indian, East Tethyan, and South Pacific seafloor: Journal of Petrology, v. 39, p. 1285–1306. doi:10.1093/petroj/39.7.1285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney, J.J., Natland, J.H., White, W.M., Poreda, R., Bloomer, S.H., Fisher, R.L., and Baxter, A.N., 1989, Isotopic and geochemical provinces of the western Indian Ocean spreading centers: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 94, p. 4033–4052. doi:10.1029/JB094iB04p04033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, G.A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian lavas, in Coats, R.R., Hay, R.L., and Anderson, C.A., eds., Studies in volcanology: A memoir in honour of Howel Williams: Geological Society of American Memoirs, v. 116, p. 477–522.
   Google Scholar
• McDonald, G.A., and Katsura, T., 1964, Chemical composition of Hawaiian lavas: Journal of Petrology, v. 5, p. 83–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael, P.J., and Bonatti, E., 1985, Peridotite composition from the North Atlantic: Regional and tectonic variations and implications for partial melting: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 73, p. 91–104. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(85)90037-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michard, A., Montigny, R., and Schlich, R., 1986, Geochemistry of the mantle beneath the Rodriguez triple junction and the South East Indian Ridge: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 78, p. 104–114. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(86)90176-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morishita, T., Hara, K., Nakamura, K., Sawaguchi, T., Tamura, A., Arai, S., Okino, K., Takai, K., and Kumagai, H., 2009, Igneous, alteration and exhumation processes recorded in abyssal peridotites and related fault rocks from an oceanic core complex along the Central Indian Ridge: Journal of Petrology, v. 50, p. 1299–1325. doi:10.1093/petrology/egp025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, R.D., Sdrolias, M., Gaina, C., and Roest, W.R., 2008, Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world’s ocean crust: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 9, p. Q04006. doi:10.1029/2007GC001743.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munschy, M., and Schlich, R., 1989, The Rodriguez Triple Junction (Indian Ocean): Structure and evolution for the past one million years: Marine Geophysical Researches, v. 11, p. 1–14. doi:10.1007/BF00286244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murton, B.J., Tindle, A.G., Milton, J.A., and Sauter, D., 2005, Heterogeneity in southern Central Indian Ridge MORB: Implications for ridge‐hot spot interaction: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 6, p. Q03E20. doi:10.1029/2004GC000798.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nauret, F., Abouchami, W., Galer, S.J.G., Hofmann, A.W., Hemond, C., Chauvel, C., and Dyment, J., 2006, Correlated trace element-Pb isotope enrichments in Indian MORB along 18°–20°S, Central Indian Ridge: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 245, p. 137–152. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh, C.H., Rajesh, V.J., Seo, J., Choi, S.-G., and Lee, J.H., 2010, Spinel compositions and tectonic relevance of the Bibong ultramafic bodies in the Hongseong collision belt, South Korea: Lithos, v. 117, p. 198–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozawa, K., 1988, Ultramafic tectonite of the Miyamori ophiolite complex in the Kitakami mountains, northeast Japan: Hydrous upper mantle in an island arc: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 99, p. 159–175. doi:10.1007/BF00371458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patriat, P., Sauter, D., Munschy, M., and Parson, L.M., 1997, A survey of the Southwest Indian Ridge axis between Atlantis II Fracture Zone and the Indian Triple Junction: Regional setting and large scale segmentation: Marine Geophysical Researches, v. 19, p. 457–480. doi:10.1023/A:1004312623534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce, J.A., Barker, P.F., Edwards, S.J., Parkinson, I.J., and Leat, P.T., 2000, Geochemistry and tectonic significance of peridotites from the South Sandwich arc-basin system, South Atlantic: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 139, p. 36–53. doi:10.1007/s004100050572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peccerillo, A., and Taylor, S.R., 1976, Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 58, p. 63–81. doi:10.1007/BF00384745.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramana, M.V., Ramprasad, T., Kamesh Raju, K.A., and Desa, M., 1993, Geophysical studies over a segment of the Carlsberg Ridge, Indian Ocean: Marine Geology, v. 115, p. 21–28. doi:10.1016/0025-3227(93)90072-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, D., Misra, S., and Banerjee, R., 2013, Geochemical variability of MORBs along slow to intermediate spreading Carlsberg-Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 70–71, p. 125–141. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.03.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehkämper, M., and Hofmann, A.W., 1997, Recycled ocean crust and sediment in Indian Ocean MORB: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 147, p. 93–106. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00009-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royer, J.Y., Gordon, R.G., DeMets, C., and Vogt, P.R., 1997, New limits on the motion between India and Australia since chron 5 (11 ma) and implications for lithospheric deformation in the equatorial Indian Ocean: Geophysical Journal International, v. 129, p. 41–74. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb00937.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauter, D., and Cannat, M., 2010, The ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Diversity of hydrothermal systems on slow spreading ocean ridges, Geophysical Monograph Series 188: Washington, DC, The American Geophysical Union, p. 153–173.
   Google Scholar
• Sauter, D., Cannat, M., Rouméjon, S., Andreani, M., Birot, D., Bronner, A., Brunelli, D., Carlut, J., Delacour, A., Guyader, V., MacLeod, C.J., Manatschal, G., Mendel, V., Ménez, B., Pasini, V., Ruellan, E., and Searle, R., 2013, Continuous exhumation of mantle-derived rocks at the Southwest Indian Ridge for 11 million years: Nature Geoscience, v. 6, p. 314–320. doi:10.1038/ngeo1771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauter, D., Mendel, V., Rommevaux-Jestin, C., Parson, L.M., Fujimoto, H., Mével, C., Cannat, M., and Tamaki, K., 2004, Focused magmatism versus amagmatic spreading along the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence from TOBI side scan sonar imagery: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 5, p. Q10K09. doi:10.1029/2004GC000738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauter, D., Patriat, P., Rommevaux-Jestin, C., Cannat, M., and Briais, A., Gallieni Shipboard Scientific Party, 2001, The Southwest Indian Ridge between 49°15ʹE and 57°E: Focused accretion and magma redistribution: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 192, p. 303–317. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00455-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Searle, R.C., and Bralee, A.V., 2007, Asymmetric generation of oceanic crust at the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge, 64°E: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 8, p. Q05015. doi:10.1029/2006GC001529.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seyler, M., Cannat, M., and Mével, C., 2003, Evidence for major element heterogeneity in the mantle source of abyssal peridotites from the Southwest Indian Ridge (52°–69°E): Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 4, p. 9101. doi:10.1029/2002GC000305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloan, H., Sauter, D., Goff, J.A., and Cannat, M., 2012, Abyssal hill characterization at the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 13, p. Q0AE06. doi:10.1029/2011GC003850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, D.K., Cann, J.R., and Escartín, J., 2006, Widespread active detachment faulting and core complex formation near 13° N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Nature, v. 442, p. 440–443. doi:10.1038/nature04950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standish, J.J., Dick, H.J.B., Michael, P.J., Melson, W.G., and O’Hearn, T., 2008, MORB generation beneath the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (9–25°E): Major element chemistry and the importance of process versus source: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 9, p. Q05004. doi:10.1029/2008GC001959.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subbarao, K.V., and Hedge, C.E., 1973, K, Rb, Sr and 87Sr/86Sr in rocks from the Mid-Indian Oceanic Ridge: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 18, p. 223–228. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(73)90060-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, S.S., and McDonough, W.F., 1989, Chemical and isotopic systematic of oceanic basalt: Implications for mantle composition and processes, in Saunders, A.D., and Norry, M.J., eds., Magmatism in the ocean basins: Geological Society Special Publication, No. 42, p. 313–345.
   Google Scholar
• Tucholke, B.E., Behn, M.D., Buck, W.R., and Lin, J., 2008, Role of melt supply in oceanic detachment faulting and formation of megamullions: Geology, v. 36, p. 455–458. doi:10.1130/G24639A.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucholke, B.E., and Lin, J., 1994, A geological model for the structure of ridge segments in slow-spreading ocean crust: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, p. 11937–11958. doi:10.1029/94JB00338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucholke, B.E., Lin, J., and Kleinrock, M.C., 1998, Megamullions and mullion structure defining oceanic metamorphic core complexes on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 103, p. 9857–9866. doi:10.1029/98JB00167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udintsev, G.B., Dmitriev, L.V., Vinogradov, A.P., and For.Mem., R.S., 1971, The tectonics of the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and the petrography of the solid rocks of its rift zones: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, v. 268, p. 653–659. doi:10.1098/rsta.1971.0019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar