Advanced search
Publication Cover
International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Volume 49, 1999 - Issue 4
Submit an article Journal homepage
226
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Ethnocultural Considerations in Group Psychotherapy

John T. SalvendySt. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Pages 429-464 | Published online: 20 Oct 2015

  • Ackerman, N. W., & Jahoda, M.(1950). Anti-semitism and emotional disorder. New York: Harper.
  • Addison, R. (1977). The racially different patient in individual and group psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 9, 39–40.
  • Alexander, F., & French, T. (1946). Psychoanalytic therapy: Principles and applications. New York: Ronald Press.
  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Alvidrez, J., Azocar, F., & Miranda, J. (1996). Demystifying the concept of ethnicity for psychotherapy researchers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 903–908.
  • Aponte, J. F., Rivers, R. Y., & Wohl, J. (Eds.). (1995). Psychological interventions and cultural diversity. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Atkinson, D. R., Maruyama, M., & Matsui, S. (1978). The effects of counselor race and counseling approach on Asian Americans' perceptions of counselor credibility and utility. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 25, 76–83.
  • Atkinson, D. R., & Lowe, S. M. (1995). The role of ethnicity, cultural knowledge and conventional techniques in counseling and psychotherapy. In J. G. Ponterotto, J. M. Casas, L. A. Suzuki, & C. M. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multiracial counseling (pp. 387–414). Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage.
  • Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1991). Psychological adjustment. In Department of Health and Human Services (Ed.), Mental Health services for refugees (DHHS Publication No. ADM-91-1824, pp. 1–23). Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
  • Bernard, V. M. (1953). Psychoanalysis and members of minority groups. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 1, 256–267.
  • Betancourt, H., & Lopez, S. R. (1993). The study of culture, ethnicity and race in American psychology. American Psychologist, 48, 629–637.
  • Bilu, Y., & Witzum, E. (1993). Working with Jewish ultra-orthodox patients: Guidelines for a culturally sensitive therapy. Cultural Medicine and Psychiatry, 17, 197–233.
  • Brook, D. W., Gordon, C., & Meadow, H. (1998). Ethnicity, culture and group psychotherapy. Group, 22, 53–80.
  • Burke, A. (1984). The multi-racial small group on race: Theoretical issues and practical considerations. International Journal of Psychiatry, 30, 89–101.
  • Chen, C. P. (1995). Group counseling in a different cultural context: Several primary issues dealing with Chinese clients. Group, 19, 45–55.
  • Chin, J. L., De La Cancela, V., & Jenkins, Y. M. (1993). Diversity in psychotherapy. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Comas-Diaz, L., & Griffith, E. E. (Eds.). (1988). Clinical guidelines in cross-cultural mental health. New York: Wiley.
  • Comas-Diaz, L., & Jacobsen, F. M. (1991). Ethno-cultural transference and counter-transference in the therapeutic dyad. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61, 392–402.
  • Cooper, S. (1973). A look at the effect of racism on clinical work. Social Casework, 54, 76–84.
  • Curry, A. (1964). Myth, transference and the black psychotherapist. Psychoanalytic Review, 51, 7–14.
  • Dublin, H. (1998). Current trends in group psychotherapy practice. The Group Circle: The Newsletter of the American Group Psychotherapy Association. August 1998, p.7.
  • Eisenbruch, M. (1991). From post-traumatic stress disorder to cultural bereavement. Social Sciences and Medicine, 33, 673–680.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Ettin, M. F. (1993). Links between group process and social, political and cultural issues. In H. I. Kaplan & B.J. Sadock (Eds.), Comprehensive group psychotherapy (3rd ed., pp. 699–716). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
  • Etzioni, A. (1993). The evils of self-determination. Foreign Policy, 89, 21–35.
  • Fenster, A. (1996). Group therapy as an effective treatment modality for people of color. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 46, 399–416.
  • Fenster, A., & Fenster, J. (1998). Diagnosing deficits in “basic trust” in multiracial and multi-cultural groups: Individual or social psychopathology? Group, 22, 81–93.
  • Fischer, N. (1971). An interracial analysis: Transference and countertransference. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 19, 736–746.
  • Flapan, D., & Fenchel, G. H. (1984). Counter-transference in group psychotherapy. Group, 8, 17–29.
  • Gadlin, W. I. (1991). On scapegoating: Biblical-classical sources, group psychotherapy, and world affairs. In S. Tuttman (Ed.), Psychoanalytic theory and therapy: Essays in honour of Saul Scheidlinger (pp. 27–44). Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
  • Gardner, E. (1971). Psychotherapy and counseling with black clients. In P. Pederson (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural counseling and therapy (pp. 173–179). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
  • Giordano, J. (1974). Ethnics and minorities: A review of the literature. Clinical Social Work Journal, 2, 200–207.
  • Mitchell, A. (1998, February 18). A question of race. Globe and Mail, pp. A1, A8.
  • Goldberg, A. (1987). Psychoanalysis and negotiation. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 56, 109–129.
  • Gorkin, M. (1987). The uses of counter-transference. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Greene, B. (1996). African-American women: Considering diverse identities and societal barriers in psychotherapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 789, 191–209.
  • Griffith, M. S. (1977). The influence of race on the psychotherapeutic relationship. Psychiatry, 40, 27–40.
  • Griffith, M.S., & Jones, E. E. (1978). Race and psychotherapy: Changing perspectives. In J. H. Masserman (Ed.), Current psychiatric therapies, Vol. 18 (pp. 225–235). New York: Grune & Stratton.
  • Hall, C. C. I. (1997). Cultural malpractice: The growing obsolescence of psychology with the changing U.S. population. American Psychologist, 52(6), 642–651.
  • Hoffman, I. (1983). The patient as an interpreter of the analyst's experience. Contemporary Analysis, 19, 389–422.
  • Holmes, D. E. (1992). Race and transference in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 73(1), 1–11.
  • Hopper, E., & Weyman, A. (1975). A sociological view of large groups. In L. Kreeger (Ed.), The large group: Dynamics and therapy (p. 159–190). London: Constable.
  • Ivey, A., Ivey, M., & Simek-Morgan, L. (1993). Counseling and psychotherapy: A multicultural perspective. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • James, W. (1956). The will to believe and other essays on popular philosophy. New York: Dover.
  • Jenkins, A. (1990). Dynamics of the relationship in clinical work with African-American clients. Group, 14, 36–43.
  • Jones, A., & Seagull, A. A. (1977). Dimensions of the relationship between the black client and the white therapist: A theoretical overview. American Psychologist, 32, 850–855.
  • Jones, E. E. (1982). Psychotherapists' impressions of treatment outcome as a function of race. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(4), 722–731.
  • Jones, E. E. (1987). Psychotherapy and counseling with black clients. In P. Pedersen (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural counseling and therapy (pp. 173–179). New York: Praeger.
  • Jones, J. M. (1997). Prejudice and racism. San Francisco, CA: McGraw-Hill.
  • Kardiner, A., & Ovesey, L. (1951). The mark of oppression. New York: World.
  • Karon, A. B. (1958). The negro personality: A rigorous investigation of the effects of culture. New York: Springer.
  • Kennedy, J. (1952). Problems posed in the analysis of Negro patients. Psychiatry, 15, 313–327.
  • Kernberg, O. (1965). Notes on counter-transference. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 13, 38–56.
  • Kibel, H. D. (1972). Interracial conflicts as resistance in group psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 26, 555–562.
  • Kinzie, J. D. (1978). Lessons from cross-cultural psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 32, 510–519.
  • Kinzie, J. D., Leung, P., Bui, A., Ben, R., Keopraseuth, K. O., Riley, C., Fleur, J., & Ades, M. (1988). Group therapy with Southeast Asian refugees. Community Mental Health Journal, 24, 157–166.
  • Kravitz, R., & Watson, C. (1997). Gender, race and poverty: Bringing the socio-political into psychotherapy. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 31, 474–479.
  • Krober, A. L., & Kluckhohn, C. (1952). Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology, Vol. 47, Harvard University.
  • Leary, K. (1995). Interpreting in the dark: Race and ethnicity in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 12, 127–140.
  • Lee, E. (1998). Research of homogeneous groups of East Asian immigrants. Personal communication, June 12.
  • Lieberman, M., Yalom, I., & Miles, M (1972). Encounter Groups: First facts. New York: Basic Books.
  • Loo, C., Tong, B., & True, R., (1989). A bitter bean: Mental health status and attitudes in Chinatown. Journal of Community Psychology, 17, 283–296.
  • Maharajh, J. (1984). Alice in Wonderland: The multi-racial small group in clinical practice. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 30(1–2), 85–88.
  • Mattke, D. (1994). How do you become a group therapist? Personal communication, Conference of the German Association of Group Psychotherapy and Group Dynamics, Bad Wildungen, May 15.
  • Mezzich, J. E., Kleinman, A., Fabrega, T. R. H., & Parron, D. L. (1996). Culture and psychiatric diagnosis: A DSM-IV perspective. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
  • Nakkab, S., & Hernandez, M., (1998). Group psychotherapy in the context of cultural diversity. Group, 22, 95–103.
  • Nickerson, K., Helms, J., & Terrel, F., (1994). Cultural mistrust, opinions about mental illness, and black students attitudes towards seeking psychological help from white counselors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 378–385.
  • Ogbu, J. V., & Matute-Bianchi, M. E. (1986). Understanding socio-cultural factors: Knowledge, identity and school adjustment. In C. E. Cortes (Ed.), Beyond language: Social and cultural factors in schooling language minority students (pp. 73–142). Los Angeles, CA, State University: Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center.
  • Oravecz, R. (1998). The dynamics of the refugee-identity [in Hungarian]. Addictologia Hungarica, V, 272–275.
  • O'Sullivan, M., Peterson, P., Cox, G., & Kirkeby, I. (1989). Ethnic populations: Community mental health services ten years later. American Journal of Community Psychology, 17, 17–30.
  • Paniagua, F. A. (1994). Assessing and treating culturally diverse clients. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
  • Phares, E.J. (1984). Clinical Psychology. Homewood, IL: Dorsey.
  • Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499–514.
  • Pinderhughes, E. B. (1984). Teaching empathy: Ethnicity, race and power at the cross-culture treatment interface. American Journal of Social Psychiatry, 4, 5–12.
  • Pinderhughes, E. B. (1989). Understanding race, ethnicity and power: The key to efficacy in clinical practice. New York: The Free Press.
  • Pope-Davis, D. B., & Coleman, H. L. K. (Eds.). (1997). Multicultural competencies: Assessment, education and training and supervision. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Renik, O. (1993). Analytic interaction: Conceptualizing technique in the light of the analyst's irreducible subjectivity. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 62, 553–571.
  • Ridley, C. R. (1984). Clinical treatment of the non-disclosing black client. American Psychologist, 39, 1234–1244.
  • Root, M. (1985). Guidelines for facilitating therapy with Asian-American clients. Psychotherapy, 22, 349–356.
  • Salvendy, J. T. (1983). The mental health of immigrants: A reassessment of concepts. Canada's Mental Health, 31, 9–16.
  • Salvendy, J.T. (1985). Training, leadership and group composition: A review of the crucial variables. Group Analysis, 18, 132–141.
  • Salvendy, J. T. (1993). Selection and preparations of patients and organization of the group. In H. Kaplan & B. Sadock (Eds.), Comprehensive group psychotherapy (3rd ed., pp. 72–84), Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
  • Salvendy, J. T. (1999). The dynamics of prejudice and hate in Central Europe. International Journal of Psychotherapy, 4(2), 145–159.
  • Schacter, J., & Butts, H.(1968). Transference and counter-transference. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 166, 792–808.
  • Silverstein, R. (1995). Bending the conventional rules when treating the ultra-orthodox in group setting. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 45, 237–249.
  • Simoni, J., & Perez, L. (1995). Latinos and mutual support groups: A case for considering culture. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65, 440–445.
  • Sinclair, M. (1997). Cultural context and awareness for group psychotherapists: The role of aboriginal healing methods in meeting the needs of aboriginal youth (pp. 10–15). Ontario, Canada: Canadian Group Psychotherapy Foundation.
  • Spiegel, J. P. (1976). Cultural aspects of transference and counter-transference revisited. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 4, 447–467.
  • Stiers, M. (1987). A Kleinian analysis of group development. Group, 11, 67–77.
  • Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (1990). Counseling the culturally different. New York: Wiley.
  • Sue, D. W., Ivey, A. E., & Pedersen, P. D. (Eds.). (1996). A theory of multicultural counseling and therapy. San Francisco: Brooks/Cole.
  • Sue, S. (1988). Psychotherapeutic services for ethnic minority groups: Some optimism, some pessimism. American Psychologist, 43, 301–308.
  • Sue, S. (1998). In search of cultural competence in psychotherapy and counseling. American Psychologist, 53, 440–448.
  • Sue, S., & Zane, N. (1987). The role of culture and cultural techniques in psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 42, 37–45.
  • Sue, S., McKinney, H., & Allen, D. (1976). Predictions of the duration of therapy for clients in the community mental health system. Community Mental Health Journal, 12, 365–375.
  • Sue, S., Akutsu, P. D., & Higashi, C. (1987). Training issues in conducting therapy with ethnic minority-group clients. In P. Pedersen (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural counseling and therapy (pp. 275–280). New York: Praeger.
  • Szapocznik, J., Santiseban, D., Kurtines, W. M., Hervis, O. E., & Spencer, F. (1982). Life enhancement counseling. In E.E. Jones & S.J. Korchin (Eds.), Minority mental health (pp. 296–330). New York: Praeger.
  • Takeuchi, D. T., Sue, S., & Yeh, M. (1995). Return rates and outcomes from ethnicity specific mental health programs in Los Angeles. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 638–643.
  • Theodorson, G. A., & Theodorson, A. G. (1969). A modern dictionary of sociology. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.
  • Thomas, A. (1962). Pseudo-transference reactions due to cultural stereotyping. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 32, 894–900.
  • Thomas, A., & Sillen, S. (1972). Racism and psychiatry. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Thygesen, B. (1992). “Diversity” as a group-specific factor in group analytic psychotherapy. Group Analysis, 25, 75–86.
  • Toker, E. (1972). The scapegoat as an essential group phenomenon. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 22, 320–332.
  • Tsui, P. (1997). The dynamics of cultural and power relations in group therapy. In E. Lee, (Ed.), Working with Asian Americans: A guide for clinicians (pp. 354–363). New York-London: Guilford.
  • Tsui, P., & Schultz, G. (1985). Failure of rapport: Why psychotherapeutic engagement fails in the treatment of Asian clients. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55, 561–569.
  • Tsui, P., & Schultz, G. (1988). Ethnic factors in group process: Cultural dynamics in multi-ethnic groups. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58, 136–142.
  • Tylim, I. (1982). Group psychotherapy with hispanic patients: The psychodynamics of idealization. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 32, 339.
  • Tylor, R. B. (1871). Primitive culture (Vol. 1). London: John Murray.
  • U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1995). Statistical abstracts of the U.S. (115th ed.), Washington, DC: Author.
  • Volkan, V.D. (1988). The need to have enemies and allies. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.
  • White, J. C. (1994). The impact of race and ethnicity on transference and counter-transference in combined individual-group therapy. Group, 18, 89–99.
  • Wilson, M. N., Phillip, D., Kohn, L. P., & Curry-El, J. A. (1995). Cultural relativistic approach toward ethnic minorities in family therapy. In I. F. Aponte, R. Y. Rivers, & J. Wohl (Eds.), Psychological interventions and cultural diversity (pp. 92–108). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Yeh, M., Takeuchi, D. T., & Sue, S. (1994). Asian American children in the mental health system: A comparison of parallel and mainstream outpatient service centers. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23, 5–12.
  • Zalokar, J. (1994). Psychological and psychopathological problems of immigrants and refugees. Quoted in Oravecz, 1998.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.