Group Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy in a Sample of Dutch Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators: Development of a Coding Manual for Therapist Interventions

REFERENCES

• Alldredge, C. T., Burlingame, G. M., Yang, C., & Rosendahl, J. (2021). Alliance in group therapy: A meta-analysis. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 25(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/gdn0000135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (Vol. 5). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.x00
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, T., Crowley, M. E. J., Himawan, L., Holmberg, J. K., & Uhlin, B. D. (2016). Therapist facilitative interpersonal skills and training status: A randomized clinical trial on alliance and outcome. Psychotherapy Research, 26(5), 511–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2015.1049671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J., & Wormith, J. S. (2011). The risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model: Does adding the good lives model contribute to effective crime prevention? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38(7), 735–755. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854811406356
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babcock, J. C., Green, C. E., & Robie, C. (2004). Does batterers’ treatment work? A meta-analytic review of domestic violence treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(8), 1023–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2002.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbaro, N., & Shackelford, T. K. (2019). Environmental unpredictability in childhood is associated with anxious romantic attachment and intimate partner violence perpetration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(2), 240–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516640548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkham, M., Lutz, W., Lambert, M. J., & Saxon, D. (2017). Therapist effects, effective therapists, and the law of variability. In L. G. Castonguay & C. E. Hill (Eds.), How and why are some therapists better than others, understanding therapist effects (pp. 13–36). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000034-002
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, L. S. (1974). Structural analysis of social behavior. Psychological Review, 81, 392–425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin, L. S. (2000). Use of structural analysis of social behavior for interpersonal diagnosis and treatment in group therapy. In A. P. Beck & C. M. Lewis (Eds.), The process of group psychotherapy: Systems for analyzing change (pp. 381–412). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10378-014
   Google Scholar
• Bieling, P. J., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M. (2009). Cognitive-behavioral therapy in groups. Guildford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bonomi, A. E., Anderson, M. L., Rivara, F. P., & Thompson, R. S. (2009). Health care utilization and costs associated with physical and nonphysical‐only intimate partner violence. Health Services Research, 44(3), 1052–1067. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14756773.2009.00955.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch, J., Weaver, T. L., Arnold, L. D., & Clark, E. M. (2017). The impact of intimate partner violence on women’s physical health: Findings from the Missouri behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(22), 3402–3419. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515599162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen, E., & Gilchrist, E. (2004). Comprehensive evaluation: A holistic approach to evaluating domestic violence offender programs. International Journal Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 48(2), 215–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X03259471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (2012). A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. Taylor and Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Burlingame, G. M., McClendon, D. T., & Yang, C. (2018). Cohesion in group therapy: A meta-analysis. Psychotherapy, 55(4), 384–398. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burlingame, G. M., Strauss, B., & Joyce, A. S. (2013). Change mechanisms and effectiveness of small group treatments. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and garfield’s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (6th ed., pp. 640–689). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-69499-2_57
   Google Scholar
• Butters, R. P., Droubay, B. A., Seawright, J. L., Tollefson, D. R., Lundahl, B., & Whitaker, L. (2021). Intimate partner violence perpetrator treatment: Tailoring interventions to individual needs. Clinical Social Work Journal, 49(3), 391–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-020-00763-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castonguay, L. G., & Hill, C. E. (2017). How and why are some therapists better than others? Understanding therapist effects. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000034-000
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Adverse health conditions and health risk behaviors associated with intimate partner violence — United States, 2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 57(5), 113–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/e410562008-001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chapman, C. L., Baker, E. L., Porter, G., Thayer, S. D., & Burlingame, G. M. (2010). Rating group therapist interventions: The validation of the group psychotherapy intervention rating scale. Group Dynamics, Theory, Research, and Practice, 14(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016628
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crane, C. A., & Easton, C. J. (2017). Integrated treatment options for male perpetrators of intimate partner violence. Drug and Alcohol Review, 36(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuijpers, P., Reijnders, M., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2019). The role of common factors in psychotherapy outcomes. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15(1), 207–231. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day, A., Chung, D., O’Leary, P., & Carson, E. (2009). Programs for men who perpetrate domestic violence: An examination of the issues underlying the effectiveness of intervention programs. Journal of Family Violence, 24(3), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9221-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macro-theory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology, 49(3), 182–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012801
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Giacco, L., Salcuni, S., & Anguera, M. T. (2019). The communicative modes analysis system in psychotherapy from mixed methods framework: Introducing a new observation system for classifying verbal and non-verbal communication. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 782. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dozois, D. J. A., Dobson, K. S., & Rnic, K. (2019). Historical and philosophical bases of the cognitive-behavioral therapies. In K. S. Dobson & D. J. A. Dozois (Eds.), Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies (pp. 3–31). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dutton, D. G. (2006). The abusive personality: Violence and control in intimate relationships. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dutton, D. G., & Corvo, K. (2007). The Duluth model: A data-impervious paradigm and a failed strategy. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(6), 658–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2007.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duvvury, N., Callan, A., Carney, P., & Raghavendra, S. (2013). Intimate partner violence: Economic costs and implications for growth and development. World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Eckhardt, C. I., Murphy, C., Black, D., & Suhr, L. (2006). Intervention programs for perpetrators of intimate partner violence: Conclusions from a clinical research perspective. Public Health Reports, 121(4), 369–381. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490612100405 https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490612100405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckhardt, C. I., Murphy, C. M., Whitaker, D. J., Sprunger, J., Dykstra, R., & Woodard, K. (2013). The effectiveness of intervention programs for perpetrators and victims of intimate partner violence. Partner Abuse, 4(2), 196–231. https://doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.4.2.e17
   Google Scholar
• Edleson, J. L. (2012). Group work with men who batter: What the research literature indicates. VAWnet. http://www.vawnet.org/material/groupwork-men-who-batter-what-research-literature-indicates
   Google Scholar
• Elklit, A., Murphy, S., Jacobsen, C., & Jensen, M. K. (2018). Clinical and personality disorders in a Danish treatment-seeking sample of intimate partner violence perpetrators. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(11), 3322–3336. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X17741603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feazell, C. S., Mayers, R. S., & Deschner, J. P. (1984). Services for men who batter: Implications for programs and policies. Family Relations, 33(2), 217–223. https://doi.org/10.2307/583786
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feder, L., & Wilson, D. B. (2005). A meta-analytic review of court-mandated batterer intervention programs: Can courts affect abusers’ behavior? Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1(2), 239–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-005-1179-0
   Google Scholar
• Flückiger, C., Del Re, A. C., Wampold, B. E., & Horvath, A. O. (2018). The alliance in adult psychotherapy: A meta-analytic synthesis. Psychotherapy, 55(4), 316–340. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher, M. W., Long, L. J., Richardson, A., D’Souza, J., Boswell, J. F., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2020). Examining hope as a transdiagnostic mechanism of change across anxiety disorders and CBT treatment protocols. Behavior Therapy, 51(1), 190–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2019.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. Lancet, 368(9543), 1260–1269. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000252267.04622.80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godbout, N., Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P., Bigras, N., Briere, J., Hebert, M., Runtz, M., & Sabourin, S. (2019). Intimate partner violence in male survivors of child maltreatment: A meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(1), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838017692382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg, S. B., Babins-Wagner, R., Rousmaniere, T., Berzins, S., Hoyt, W. T., Whipple, J. L., Miller, S. D., & Wampold, B. E. (2016). Creating a climate for therapist improvement: A case study of an agency focused on outcomes and deliberate practice. Psychotherapy, 53(3), 367. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gondolf, E. W. (1993). Treating the batterer. In M. Hansen & M. Harway (Eds.), Battering and family therapy: A feminist perspective (pp. 105–118). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Graham‐Kevan, N., & Bates, E. A. (2020). Intimate partner violence perpetrator programmes: Ideology or evidence‐based practice?. In J. S. Wormith, L. A., Craig, T. E. Hogue (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of what works in violence risk management: Theory, research and practice (pp. 437–449). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119315933
   Google Scholar
• Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn, A., Paquin, J. D., Glean, E., McQuillan, K., & Hamilton, D. (2022). Developing into a group therapist: An empirical investigation of expert group therapists’ training experiences. American Psychologist, 77(5), 691–709. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamel, J., Buttell, F., Ferreira, R., & Roy, V. (2021). IPV perpetrator groups: Client engagement, and the role of facilitators. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211028012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, S. G., & Barlow, D. H. (2014). Evidence-based psychological interventions and the common factors approach: The beginnings of a rapprochement? Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 51(4), 510–513. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., Del Re, A. C., Flückiger, C., & Symonds, D. (2011). Alliance in individual psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 48(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737208.003.0002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johns, R. G., Barkham, M., Kellett, S., & Saxon, D. (2019). A systematic review of therapist effects: A critical narrative update and refinement to Baldwin and Imel's (2013) review. Clinical Psychology Review, 67, 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaklauskas, F. J., & Greene, L. R. (Eds.). (2020). Core principles of group psychotherapy: An integrated theory, research, and practice training manual. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429260803
   Google Scholar
• Karakurt, G., Koç, E., Çetinsaya, E. E., Ayluçtarhan, Z., & Bolen, S. (2019). Meta-analysis and systematic review for the treatment of perpetrators of intimate partner violence. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 105, 220–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinberg, J. L. (Ed.). (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of group psychotherapy. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119950882
   Google Scholar
• LaMotte, A. D., & Murphy, C. M. (2017). Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and dissociative experiences during men’s intimate partner violence perpetration. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9(5), 567–574. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson, D. M., & Brossart, D. F. (2009). Attachment, interpersonal problems, and treatment outcome in group therapy for intimate partner violence. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 10(4), 288–301. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leszcz, M. (2017). How understanding attachment enhances group therapist effectiveness. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 67(2), 280–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207284.2016.1273745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leszcz, M. (2018). The evidence-based group therapist. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 38(4), 285–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/07351690.2018.1444853
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitt, H. M., Motulsky, S. L., Wertz, F. J., Morrow, S. L., & Ponterotto, J. G. (2017). Recommendations for designing and reviewing qualitative research in psychology: Promoting methodological integrity. Qualitative Psychology, 4(1), 2–22. https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000082
   Google Scholar
• Lorentzen, S., & Høglend, P. (2002). The change process of a patient in long-term group psychotherapy: Measuring and describing the change process. Group Analysis, 35(4), 500–524. https://doi.org/10.1177/05333160260620779
   Google Scholar
• Markin, R. D., & Marmarosh, C. (2010). Application of adult attachment theory to group member transference and the group therapy process. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 47(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmarosh, C. L. (Ed.). (2019). Attachment in group psychotherapy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351010818-1
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L., & Burton, D. L. (2010). The importance of group processes in offender treatment. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2009.08.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2009.08.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAleavey, A. A., & Castonguay, L. G. (2015). The process of change in psychotherapy: Common and unique factors. In O. Gelo, A. Pritz, & B. Rieken (Eds.), Psychotherapy research (pp. 293–310). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1382-0_15
   Google Scholar
• McLellan, E., MacQueen, K. M., & Neidig, J. L. (2003). Beyond the qualitative interview: Data preparation and transcription. Field Methods, 15(1), 63–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822x02239573
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, C. M., & Eckhardt, C. I. (2005). Treating the abusive partner: An individualized cognitive-behavioral approach. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nezu, C. M., & Nezu, A. M. (Eds.). (2015). The Oxford handbook of cognitive and behavioral therapies. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733255.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Norcross, J. C., & Wampold, B. E. (2011). Evidence-based therapy relationships: Research conclusions and clinical practices. Psychotherapy, 48(1), 98–102. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paquin, J. D. (2017). Delivering the treatment so that the therapy occurs: Enhancing the effectiveness of time-limited, manualized group treatments. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 67(sup1), S141–S153. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207284.2016.1218771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pence, E., Paymar, M., & Ritmeester, T. (1993). Education groups for men who batter: The duluth model. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1891/9780826179913
   Google Scholar
• Pirog-Good, M., & Stets-Kealey, J. (1985). Male batterers and battering prevention programs: A national survey. Response to the Victimization of Women & Children, 8(3), 8–12.
   Google Scholar
• Rosendahl, J., Alldredge, C. T., Burlingame, G. M., & Strauss, B. (2021). Recent developments in group psychotherapy research. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 74(2), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20200031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders, D. G. (2008). Group interventions for men who batter: A summary of program descriptions and research. Violence and Victims, 23(2), 156–172. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.2.156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, K., King, C., McGinn, H., & Hosseini, N. (2011). Effects of motivational enhancement on immediate outcomes of batterer intervention. Journal of Family Violence, 26(2), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-010-9353-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semiatin, J. N., Torres, S., LaMotte, A. D., Portnoy, G. A., & Murphy, C. M. (2017). Trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and presenting clinical problems among male perpetrators of intimate partner violence. Psychology of Violence, 7(1), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serie, C. M., van Tilburg, C. A., van Dam, A., & de Ruiter, C. (2017). Spousal assaulters in outpatient mental health care: The relevance of structured risk assessment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(11), 1658–1677. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515589932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shechtman, Z. (2016). Bridging the gap between research and practice: How research can guide group leaders. In C. Haen & S. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent group therapy (pp. 74–87). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315666860
   Google Scholar
• Siria, S., Leza, L., Fernández-Montalvo, J., Echauri, J. A., Azkarate, J. M., & Martínez, M. (2021). Differential psychopathological profile of male intimate partner violence perpetrators depending on problematic alcohol use. Addictive Behaviors, 118, Article 106887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Söchting, I. (2014). Cognitive behavioral group therapy: Challenges and opportunities. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118510261
   Google Scholar
• Star, B. (1983). Helping the abuser: Intervening effectively in family violence. Family Service Association of America.
   Google Scholar
• Stephens-Lewis, D., Johnson, A., Huntley, A., Gilchrist, E., McMurran, M., Henderson, J., … Gilchrist, G. (2021). Interventions to reduce intimate partner violence perpetration by men who use substances: A systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 22(5), 1262–1278. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019882357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasca, G. A. (2014). Attachment and group psychotherapy: Introduction to a special section. Psychotherapy, 51(1), 53–56. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasca, G. A., Foot, M., Leite, C., Maxwell, H., Balfour, L., & Bissada, H. (2011). Interpersonal processes in psychodynamic-interpersonal and cognitive behavioral group therapy: A systematic case study of two groups. Psychotherapy, 48(3), 260–273. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taxman, F. S. (2020). Violence reduction using the principles of risk-need-responsivity. Marquette Law Review, 103(3), 1149. https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr/vol103/iss3/18
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, D. R. (2006). A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214005283748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dam, A., Van Tilburg, C. A., Steenkist, P., & Buisman, M. (2008). Niet meer door het lint. Werkboek. [Not losing it anymore, workbook]. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6951-5
   Google Scholar
• Van Dam, A., Van Tilburg, C. A., Steenkist, P., & Buisman, M. (2009). Niet meer door het lint. Handleiding. [Not losing it anymore, manual]. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-8950-6
   Google Scholar
• Velotti, P., Beomonte Zobel, S., Rogier, G., & Tambelli, R. (2018). Exploring relationships: A systematic review on intimate partner violence and attachment. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 1166. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachtel, P. L. (2014). Cyclical psychodynamics and the contextual self: The inner world, the intimate world, and the world of culture and society. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315794037
   Google Scholar
• Wampold, B. E., Baldwin, S. A., Holtforth, M., & Imel, Z. E. (2017). What characterizes effective therapists? In L. G. Castonguay & C. E. Hill (Eds.), How and why are some therapists better than others? Understanding therapist effects (pp. 37–53). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000034-003
   Google Scholar
• Westland, G. (2015). Verbal and non-verbal communication in psychotherapy. WW Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield, G., & Scott, M. (2018). CBT delivered in groups. In S. Moorey & A. Lavender (Eds.), The therapeutic relationship in cognitive behavioural therapy (pp. 231–242). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526461568
   Google Scholar
• Yalom, I. D., & Leszcz, M. (2020). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy. Hachette.
   Google Scholar