Confirming the multidimensionality of psychological well-being among Korean immigrant mothers in the United States

References

• Abbott, R. A., Ploubidis, G. B., Huppert, F. A., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M. E., & Croudace, T. J. (2006). Psychometric evaluation and predictive validity of Ryff’s psychological well-being items in a UK birth cohort sample of women. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 4, 1–17. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-4-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, A. M., Soto, J. A., Perez, C. R., & Lee, E. A. (2012). Acculturative status and psychological well-being in an Asian American sample. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 3(4), 275–285. doi:10.1037/a0026842
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, J. W. (1987). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46, 5–34. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x
   Google Scholar
• Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), 697–712. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boomsma, A., & Herzog, W. (2013). Correcting structural equation model fit statistics and indexes under small-sample and/or large model conditions. R-Function Swain, Retrieved from: http://www.gmw.rug.nl/,boomsma/swain.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bornstein, M. H. (1991). Approaches to parenting in culture. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Cultural approaches to parenting (pp. 3–19). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burns, M., & Machin, A. (2009). Investigating the structural validity of Ryff’s psychological well-being scales across two samples. Social Indicators Research, 93(2), 359–375. doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9329-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, B. M., Oakland, T., Leong, F. T. L., van de Vijver, F. J. R., Hambleton, R. K., Cheung, F. M., & Bartram, D. (2009). A critical analysis of cross-cultural research and testing practices: Implications for improved education and training in psychology. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 3(2), 94–105. doi:10.1037/a0014516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, S., & Chan, A. C. M. (2005). Measuring psychological well-being in the Chinese. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(6), 1307–1316. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, Y., & Haslam, N. (2010). Suicidal ideation and distress among immigrant adolescents: The role of acculturation, life stress, and social support. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 370–379. doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9415-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, H. (2009). “Wise mother, good wife”: A transcultural discursive construct in modern Korea. Journal of Korean Studies, 14(1), 1–33. doi:10.1353/jks.2009.0004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, J., Kushner, K. E., Mill, J., & Lai, D. W. L. (2014). The experience of Korean immigrant women adjusting to Canadian society. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 29(3), 277–297. doi:10.1007/s10823-014-9235-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clarke, P. J., Marshall, V. W., Ryff, C. D., & Wheaton, B. (2001). Measuring psychological well-being in the Canadian study of health and aging. International Psychogeriatrics, 13(S1), 79–90. doi:10.1017/S1041610202008013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delara, M. (2016). Social determinants of immigrant women’s mental health. Advances in Publish Health, 2016, 1–11. doi:10.1155/2016/9730162
   Google Scholar
• Ding, D., Hofstetter, C. R., Norman, G. J., Irvin, V. L., Chhay, D., & Hovell, M. F. (2011). Measuring immigration stress of first-generation female Korean immigrants in California: Psychometric evaluation of demand of immigration scale. Ethnicity and Health, 16, 11–24. doi:10.1080/13557858.2010.523107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, B. Q., Dmitrieva, J. O., Heller, D., Chentsova-Dutton, Y., Grossmann, I., Tamir, M., … Mauss, I. B. (2015). Culture shapes whether the pursuit of happiness predicts higher or lower well-being. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 144(6), 1053–1062. doi:10.1037/xge0000108
   Google Scholar
• Gao, X. (2016). Cultural differences between East Asian and North American in temporal orientation. Review of General Psychology, 20(1), 118–127. doi:10.1037/gpr0000070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, M. F. M., Ramirez, M. G., & Jariego, I. M. (2002). Social support and locus of control as predictors of psychological well-being in Moroccan and Peruvian immigrant women in Spain. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26, 287–310. doi:10.1016/S0147-1767(02)00005-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, J. J., & Hong, S. (1996). The Korean American family: Assimilation and its toll on the first and second generation relationship. Retrieved from http://www.eric.ed.gov.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurh, W. M., & Kim, K. C. (1990). Religious participation of Korean immigrants in the United States. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29(1), 19–34. doi:10.2307/1387028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, Y., Kim, G., Hansen, L., & Chiriboga, D. (2007). Attitudes of older Korean Americans toward mental health services. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55(4), 616–620. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01125.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kafka, G. J., & Kozma, A. (2002). The construct validity of Ryff’s scales of psychological well-being (SPWB) and their relationship to measures of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 57(2), 171–190. doi:10.1023/A:1014451725204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karasawa, M., Curhan, K. B., Markus, H. R., Kitayama, S. S., Love, G. D., Radler, B. T., & Ryff, C. D. (2011). Cultural perspectives on aging and well-being: A comparison of Japan and the U.S. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 73(1), 73–98. doi:10.2190/AG.73.1.d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, E. (1998). The social reality of Korean-American women: Toward crashing with the Confucian ideology. In Y. I. Song & A. Moon (Eds.), Korean-American women: From tradition to modern feminism (pp. 23–33), Westport, CT: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, E. (2008). Korean immigrant fathering: Dealing with two cultures. In S. S. Chuang, & R. P. Moreno (Eds), On new shores: Understanding immigrant fathers in North America (pp. 175–195). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J. (2012). Exploring the experience of intergroup contact and the value of recreation activities in facilitating positive intergroup interactions of immigrants. Leisure Science, 34(1), 72–87. doi:10.1080/01490400.2012.633856
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. (2013). Re-discovering voice: Korean immigrant women in group music therapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 40(4), 428–435. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2013.05.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, U., & Choi, S. H. (1994). Individualism, collectivism, and child development: A Korean perspective. In P. M. Greenfield & R. R. Cocking (Eds.), Cross-cultural roots of minority child development (pp. 227–257). Hillsdale, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J., & Kim, H. (2013). The experience of acculturative stree-related growth from immigrants’ perspectives. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 8, 1–11. doi:10.3402/qhw.v8i0.21355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K. C., & Kim, S. (1998). Family and work roles of Korean immigrants in the United States. In H. I. McCubbin, E. A. Thompson, A. I. Thompson, & J. E. Fromer (Eds.), Resiliency in families series, Vol. 2. Resiliency in Native American and immigrant families (pp. 225–242). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J., Kim, M., Han, A., & Chin, S. (2015). The importance of culturally meaningful activity for health benefits among older Korean immigrant living in the United States. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 16, 1–9. doi:10.3402/qhw.v10.27501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., Kim, M., Henderson, K. A., Han, A., & Park, S. (2016). Serious engagement in sport and health benefits among Korean immigrants in the USA. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 11, 313–340. doi:10.3402/qhw.v11.31340
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., Malonebeach, E., Heo, J., Kim, J., & Kim, M. (2015). Exploratory examination of the relationship between acculturation and personal growth among Korean immigrants. Psychological Reports, 116(2), 613–630. doi:10.2466/17.21.PR0.116k19w7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., & Moon, H. (2018). Daehagsaeng-ui jigagdoen seuteuleseuwa simlijeog annyeong-gam gan-ui gwangye:seong-gyeoggangjeomgwa gangjeomhwal-yong-ui maegaehyogwa [Relationship between the perceived stress and the psychological well-being of college students: Mediated effect of the character strength and the usage of the strength]. Cheongsonyeonsangdam-yeongu, 25(1), 177–196.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, E., Seo, K., & Cain, K. C. (2010). Bi-dimensional acculturation and cultural response set in CES-D among Korean immigrants. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 31(9), 576–583. doi:10.3109/01612840.2010.483566
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim, J., Suh, W., & Heo, J. (2014). Do Korean immigrant adolescents experience stressrelated growth during stressful intergroup contact and acculturation? Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 54(1), 3–27. doi:10.1177/0022167812468614
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo, W. H. (1984). Prevalence of depression among Asian-Americans. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 172(8), 449–457. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1387028 doi:10.1097/00005053-198408000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, D. W. (2004). Impact of culture on depressive symptoms of elderly Chinese immigrants. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(12), 820–827. doi:10.1177/070674370404901205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, E. (2007). Domestic violence and risk factors among Korean immigrant women in the United States. Journal of Family Violence, 22(3), 141–149. doi:10.1007/s10896-007-9063-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. (2013). Factors contributing to Hwabyung symptoms among Korean immigrants. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 22, 17–39. doi:10.1080/15313204.2012.729175
   Google Scholar
• Lee, E., Lee, S., Hwang, S., Hong, S., & Kim, J. (2017). Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II among Korean adolescents. Psychiatry Investigation, 14, 30–36. doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J., Martin-Jearld, A., Robinson, K., & Price, S. (2016). Hwabyung experiences among Korean immigrant women in the United States. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 9(2), 325–349. doi:10.1007/s40647-015-0112-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehrer, B. (1988). The Korean American. New York, NY: Chelsea House Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, I. (1997). Korean immigrant women’s challenge to gender inequality at home: The interplay of economic resources, gender, and family. Gender and Society, 11(1), 31–51. doi:10.1177/089124397011001003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, K. E. H.-M. I. N. G., Lau, J. O. H. N. K. C., Yamamoto, J. O. E., Zheng, Y. A. N.-P. I. N. G., Kim, H. U. N.-S. O. O., Cho, K. Y. U.-H. Y. O. U. N. G., & Nakasaki, G. A. Y. L. E. (1992). Haw-Byung: A community study of Korean-Americans. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180(6), 386–391. doi:10.1097/00005053-199206000-00008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Q., Shono, M., & Kitamura, T. (2009). Psychological well-being, depression, and anxiety in Japanese university students. Depression and Anxiety, 26(8), E99–E105. doi:10.1002/da.20455
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Min, P. G. (1995). Asian Americans: Contemporary trends and issues. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Min, P. G. (2001). Changes in Korean immigrants’ gender role and social status, and their marital conflicts. Sociological Forum, 16, 301–320. doi:10.1023/A:101105680
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min, P. G., & Kim, C. (2009). Patterns of intermarriages and cross-generational in-marriages among native-born Asian Americans. The International Migration Review, 43(3), 447–470. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00773.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeenizadeh, M., & Salagame, K. K. K. (2010). Well-being therapy (WBT) for depression. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2, 107–115. doi:10.5539/ijps.v2n1p107
   Google Scholar
• Morris, M. W., Menon, T., & Ames, D. R. (2001). Culturally conferred conceptions of agency: A key to social perception of persons, groups, and other actors. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(2), 169–182. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0502_7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2012). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Noh, S., & Avison, W. R. (1996). Asian immigrants and the stress process: A study of Koreans in Canada. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37(2), 192–206. doi:10.2307/2137273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oishi, S. (2000). Goals as cornerstones of subjective well-being: Linking individuals and cultures. In E. Diener, & E. M. Suh (Eds.), Culture and subjective well-being (pp. 87–112). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Park, J. (2007). Korean American women: Stories of acculturation and changing selves. New York, NY: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Park, K. (1998). The Korean American dream: Immigrants and small business in New York City. New York, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Park, S., & Bernstein, K. S. (2008). Depression and Korean American immigrants. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 22(1), 12–19. doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2007.06.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peña, E. D. (2007). Lost in translation: Methodological considerations in cross-cultural research. Child Development, 78(4), 1255–1264. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01064.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2013). The rise of Asian Americans. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/06/19/the-rise-of-asian-americans/
   Google Scholar
• Rafanelli, C., Park, S. K., Ruini, C., Ottolini, F., Cazzaro, M., & Fava, G. A. (2000). Rating well-being and distress. Stress Medicine, 16(1), 55–61. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<55::AID-SMI832>3.0.CO;2-M
   Google Scholar
• Roberson, III. R. B., Elliott, T. R., Chang, J. E., & Hill, J. N. (2014). Exploratory factor analysis in rehabilitation psychology: A content analysis. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59(4), 429–438. doi:10.1037/a0037899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (1989a). Beyond ponce de leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful ageing. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 12(1), 35–55. doi:10.1177/016502548901200102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (1989b). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99–104. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo, Y. J., Cheah, C. S. L., Özdemir, S. B., Hart, C. H., Leung, C. Y. Y., & Sun, S. (2018). A longitudinal examination of Korean immigrant mothers’ social support, psychological well-being, and authoritarian parenting style. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(3), 979-989. doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0936-9
   Google Scholar
• Shin, H. R. (2011). Spatial capability for understanding gendered mobility for Korean Christian immigrant women in Los Angeles. Urban Studies, 48(11), 2355–2373. doi:10.1177/0042098010388955
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, K. R. (1993). Factors predicting depression among Korean American women in New York. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 30(5), 415–423. doi:10.1016/0020-7489(93)90051-U
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirigatti, S., Penzo, I., Iani, L., Mazzeschi, A., Hatalskaja, H., Giannetti, E., & Stefanile, C. (2013). Measurement invariance of Ryff’s psychological well-being scales across Italian and Belarusian students. Social Indicators Research, 113(1), 67–80. doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0082-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Springer, S. W., & Hauser, R. M. (2006). An assessment of the construct validity of Ryff’s scales of psychological well-being: Method, mode, and measurement effects. Social Science Research, 35(4), 1080–1102. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2005.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain, A. J. (1975). Analysis of parametric structures for variance matrices. Australia: Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Adelaide.
   Google Scholar
• Uchida, Y., & Kitayama, S. (2009). Happiness and unhappiness in East and West: Themes and variations. Emotion, 9(4), 441–456. doi:10.1037/a0015634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dierendonck, D. (2004). The construct validity of Ryff’s scales of psychological well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(3), 629–643. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00122-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, E., & Lee, R. M. (2010). Importance of social connectedness as a moderator in Korean immigrants' subjective well-being. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 93–105. doi:10.1037/a0019964
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, M., & Lee, J. (2017). Hyper-selectivity and the remaking of culture: Understanding the Asian American achievement paradox. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 8(1), 7–15. doi:10.1037/aap0000069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar