Effects of butylphthalide injection on treatment of transient ischemic attack as shown by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging abnormality

References

• Giles MF, Rothwell PM. Risk of stroke early after transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(12):1063–1072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill MD, Yiannakoulias N, Jeerakathil T, et al. The high risk of stroke immediately after transient ischemic attack: a population-based study. Neurology. 2004;62(11):2015–2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Flossmann E, et al. A simple score (ABCD) to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2005;366(9479):29–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleindorfer D, Panagos P, Pancioli A, et al. Incidence and short-term prognosis of transient ischemic attack in a population-based study. Stroke. 2005;36(4):720–723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston SC, Rothwell PM, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Giles MF, et al. Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2007;369(9558):283–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merwick A, Albers GW, Amarenco P, et al. Addition of brain and carotid imaging to the ABCD2 score to identify patients at early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(11):1060–1069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidwell CS, Warach S. Acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome: diagnostic criteria. Stroke. 2003;34(12):2995–2998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebinger M, Galinovic I, Rozanski M, et al. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery evolution within 12 hours from stroke onset: a reliable tissue clock? Stroke. 2010;41(2):250–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purroy F, Montaner J, Rovira A, et al. Higher risk of further vascular events among transient ischemic attack patients with diffusion-weighted imaging acute ischemic lesions. Stroke. 2004;35(10):2313–2319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ay H, Koroshetz WJ, Benner T, et al. Transient ischemic attack with infarction: a unique syndrome? Ann Neurol. 2005;57(5):679–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvet D, Touzé E, Oppenheim C, et al. DWI lesions and TIA etiology improve the prediction of stroke after TIA. Stroke. 2009;40(1):187–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutting S, Regan E, Lee VH, et al. High ABCD2 scores and in-hospital interventions following transient ischemic attack. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra. 2016;6(3):76–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng YP, Sun YD, Chen BT. Energy metabolism and pharma- cological effects of mice after ischemia. J Pharm. 1989;24(2):89–93.
   Google Scholar
• Feng YP, Hu D, Zhang LY. effect of Butylphthalide on mouse ischemia. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1995;30(10):741–745.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liao SJ, Lin JW, Pei Z, et al. Enhanced angiogenesis with dl-3n-butylphthalide treatment after focal cerebral ischemia in RHRSP. Brain Res. 2009;1289:69–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang SC, Luo CJ, Zhang KH, et al. Effects of dl-3-n-butylphthalide on serum VEGF and bFGF levels in acute cerebral infarction. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017;21(19):4431–4436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Lü L, Chan WM, et al. Effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide on vascular dementia and angiogenesis. Neurochem Res. 2012;37(5):911–919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia J, Wei C, Liang J, et al. The effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide in patients with vascular cognitive impairment without dementia caused by subcortical ischemic small vessel disease: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12(2):89–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Li Y, Zhao Q, et al. Design, synthesis and evaluation of nitric oxide releasing derivatives of 3-n-butylphthalide as antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents. Org Biomol Chem. 2011;9(16):5670–5681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui YH, Zhang CD, Guo W, et al. Effects of butylphthalide on the apoptosis of PC-12 cells under the induction of β-amyloid peptide. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010;90(45):3235–3237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Easton JD, Saver JL, Albers GW, et al. American Heart Association; American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and the Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this statement as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke. 2009;40(6):2276–2293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albers GW, Caplan LR, Easton JD, et al. Transient ischemic attack-proposal for a new definition. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(21):1713–1716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinese expert consensus group for transient ischemic attack. Updated Chinese expert consensus for transient ischemic attack (2011). Chin J Int Med. 2011;50(6):530–533.
   Google Scholar
• Nadarajan V, Perry RJ, Johnson J, et al. Transient ischaemic attacks: mimics and chameleons. Pract Neurol. 2014;14(1):23–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang T, Zhang GZ. Clinical application of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging in TIA. Chin Commun Phys. 2007;9(16):115–116.
   Google Scholar
• Chung SP, Chung HS, Ryu S, et al. Emergency department experience of primary diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the patient with lacunar syndrome. Emerg Med J. 2006;23(9):675–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gon Y, Sakaguchi M, Okazaki S, et al. Prevalence of positive diffusion-weighted imaging findings and ischemic stroke recurrence in transient ischemic attack. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;24(5):1000–1007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu ZQ, Zhou Y, Shao BZ, et al. A systematic review of neuroprotective efficacy and safety of DL-3-N-butylphthalide in ischemic stroke. Am J Chin Med. 2019;47(03):507–525.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang S, Ma F, Huang L, et al. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP): a promising therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2018;17(5):338–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao H, Yun W, Zhang Q, et al. Mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells by dl-3-n-butylphthalide in acute ischemic stroke patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;25(4):752–760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Zhao S, Zang Y, et al. The efficacy and safety of Dl-3n-butylphthalide on progressive cerebral infarction: a randomized controlled STROBE study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(30):e7257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue LX, Zhang T, Zhao YW, et al. Efficacy and safety comparison of DL-3-n-butylphthalide and Cerebrolysin: effects on neurological and behavioral outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med. 2016;11(5):2015–2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui LY, Zhu YC, Gao S, et al. Ninety-day administration of dl-3-n-butylphthalide for acute ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind trial. Chin. Med. J. 2013;126(18):3405–3410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar