References
- Venkateshiah SB, Ioachimescu OC. Restless legs syndrome. Crit Care Clin. 2015;31(3):459–472.
- Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, et al. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology: a report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med. 2003;4(2):101–119.
- Allen RP. Restless leg syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease pathophysiology. Sleep Med Clin. 2015;10(3):207–214.
- Guo S, Huang J, Jiang H, et al. Restless legs syndrome: from pathophysiology to clinical diagnosis and management. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017;9:171.
- Garcia-Borreguero D, Williams A-M. An update on restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease): clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment. Curr Opin Neurol. 2014;27(4):493–501.
- Sun Y-M, Hoang T, Neubauer JA, et al. Opioids protect against substantia nigra cell degeneration under conditions of iron deprivation: a mechanism of possible relevance to the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci. 2011;304(1–2):93–101.
- Michaud M, Soucy J-P, Chabli A, et al. SPECT imaging of striatal pre-and postsynaptic dopaminergic status in restless legs syndrome with periodic leg movements in sleep. J Neurol. 2002;249(2):164–170.
- Ferré S, Earley C, Gulyani S, et al. In search of alternatives to dopaminergic ligands for the treatment of restless legs syndrome: iron, glutamate, and adenosine. Sleep Med. 2017;31(1):86–92.
- Levant B, McCarson KE. D(3) dopamine receptors in rat spinal cord: implications for sensory and motor function. Neurosci Lett. 2001;303(1):9–12.
- Sowers JR, Vlachakis N. N Vlachakis - Circadian variation in plasma dopamine levels in man. J Endocrinol Invest. 1984;7(4):341–345.
- Martinelli P, Coccagna G. Neurophysiological observations on the restless legs syndrome. Riv Neurol. 1976;46(6):552–560.
- Bara-Jimenez W, Aksu M, Graham B, et al. Periodic limb movements in sleep: state-dependent excitability of the spinal flexor reflex. Neurology. 2000;54(8):1609–1616.
- Rijsman R, Stam C, De Weerd A. Abnormal H-reflexes in periodic limb movement disorder; impact on understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder. Clin Neurophysiol. 2005;116(1):204–210.
- Scaglione C, Vetrugno R, Plazzi G, et al. Group I nonreciprocal inhibition in primary restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord. 2008;23(1):96–100.
- McComas AJ. Hypothesis: Hughlings Jackson and presynaptic inhibition: is there a big picture? J Neurophysiol. 2016;116(1):41–50.
- Sonner PM, Ladle DR. Early postnatal development of GABAergic presynaptic inhibition of Ia proprioceptive afferent connections in mouse spinal cord. J Neurophysiol. 2013;109(8):2118–2128.
- Heide A, Winkler T, Helms H, et al. Effects of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation in idiopathic restless legs patients. Brain Stimulation. 2014;7(5):636–642.
- Kerr S, Bentley A, Anderson D, et al. Reflex testing reveals circadian variation of spinal excitability in restless legs syndrome patients. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2011;9(3):157–164.
- Gunduz A, Metin B, Metin SZ, et al. Lower limb flexor reflex: comparisons between drug-induced akathisia and restless legs syndrome. Neurosci Lett. 2017;641:40–44.
- Kayki Y, Şirin NG, İlbay V, et al. P355 The assessment of electrophysiological studies in patients with restless legs syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128(9):e293–e294.
- Knikou M. The H-reflex as a probe: pathways and pitfalls. J Neurosci Methods. 2008;171(1):1–12.
- Yildiz N, Turkoglu SA, Yildiz SK, et al. Presynaptic inhibition and disynaptic reciprocal 1a inhibition in Parkinson’s Disease, the effect of the dopaminergic treatment. J Neurol Sci (Turkish). 2010;27(3):292–301.
- Marconi S, Scaglione C, Pizza F, et al. Group I nonreciprocal inhibition in restless legs syndrome secondary to chronic renal failure. Parkinsonism Related Disord. 2012;18(4):362–366.
- Öz O, Erdoğan Ç, Yücel M, et al. Effect of pramipexole on cutaneous-silent-period parameters in patients with restless legs syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol. 2012;123(1):154–159.
- Isak B, Uluc K, Salcini C, et al. A neurophysiological approach to the complex organisation of the spine: f-wave duration and the cutaneous silent period in restless legs syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;122(2):383–390.
- Crone C, Hultborn H, Jespersen B, et al. Reciprocal Ia inhibition between ankle flexors and extensors in man. J Physiol. 1987;389(1):163–185.
- Morita H, Crone C, Christenhuis D, et al. Modulation of presynaptic inhibition and disynaptic reciprocal Ia inhibition during voluntary movement in spasticity. Brain. 2001;124(4):826–837.
- Crone C, Nielsen J. Central control of disynaptic reciprocal inhibition in humans. Acta Physiol Scand. 1994;152(4):351–363.
- Nakashima K, Shimoyama R, Yokoyama Y, et al. Reciprocal inhibition between the forearm muscles in patients with Parkinson's disease. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1994;34(2):67–72.
- Noguchi K, Gel YR, Brunner E, et al. nparLD: an R software package for the nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments. J Stat Soft. 2012;50(12):1–23.
- Team RC. R Development Core Team. 2012. R: A language and environment for statistical computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria.
- Guo Y, Logan HL, Glueck DH, et al. Selecting a sample size for studies with repeated measures. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13(1):100.
- Jiang D, Oleson JJ. Simulation study of power and sample size for repeated measures with multinomial outcomes: an application to sound direction identification experiments (SDIE). Statist Med. 2011;30(19):2451–2466.
- Rudomin P, Schmidt RF. Presynaptic inhibition in the vertebrate spinal cord revisited. Exper Brain Res. 1999;129(1):1–37.
- Mizuno Y, Tanaka R, Yanagisawa N. Reciprocal group I inhibition on triceps surae motoneurons in man. J Neurophysiol. 1971;34(6):1010–1017.
- Magalhães FH, Elias LA, da Silva CR, et al. D1 and D2 inhibitions of the Soleus H-Reflex are differentially modulated during plantarflexion force and position tasks. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0143862.
- Baudry S, Maerz AH, Enoka RM. Presynaptic modulation of Ia afferents in young and old adults when performing force and position control. J Neurophysiol. 2010;103(2):623–631.
- Butchart P, Farquhar R, Part N, et al. The effect of age and voluntary contraction on presynaptic inhibition of soleus muscle Ia afferent terminals in man. Exp Physiol. 1993;78(2):235–242.
- Pena-Gonzalez I. Presynaptic Inhibition: Age-Related Changes in a Spinal Reflex Pathway. 2011.
- Taube W, Leukel C, Gollhofer A. Influence of enhanced visual feedback on postural control and spinal reflex modulation during stance. Exp Brain Res. 2008;188(3):353–361.
- Kitano K, Tsuruike M, Robertson C, et al. Effects of a complex balance task on soleus H-reflex and presynaptic inhibition in humans. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 2009;49(5):235–243.
- Jeon H-S, Kukulka CG, Brunt D, et al. Soleus H-reflex modulation and paired reflex depression from prone to standing and from standing to walking. Int J Neurosci. 2007;117(12):1661–1675.
- Özsimsek A, Koyuncuoglu HR. Electrophysiological findings of Turkish patients with restless legs syndrome. NDT. 2017;13:2005–2010.
- Chun J, Hong J. Relationships between presynaptic inhibition and static postural sway in subjects with and without diabetic neuropathy. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(9):2697–2700.
- Hultborn H, Meunier S, Pierrot‐Deseilligny E, et al. Changes in presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibres at the onset of voluntary contraction in man. J Physiol. 1987;389(1):757–772.
- Katz R, Meunier S, Pierrot-Deseilligny E. Changes in presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibres in man while standing. Brain. 1988;111(2):417–437.
- Dafkin C, Green A, Olivier B, et al. Plantar reflex excitability is increased in the evening in restless legs syndrome patients. Neurosci Lett. 2017;660:74–78.
- Lin Y, Wang Y, Zhan S, Ding, et al. Impaired sensorimotor integration in restless legs syndrome. Front Neurol. 2018;9:568.
- Lanza G, Bachmann CG, Ghorayeb I, et al. Central and peripheral nervous system excitability in restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med. 2017;31:49–60.
- Lanza G, Cantone M, Lanuzza B, et al. Distinctive patterns of cortical excit-ability to transcranial magnetic stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea syn-drome, restless legs syndrome, insomnia, and sleep deprivation. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;19:39–50.
- Magalh ∼ Aes SC, Kaelin-Lang A, Sterr A, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimula-tion for evaluation of motor cortical excitability in restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease. Sleep Med. 2015;16:1265–1273.
- Gündüz A, Adatepe NU, Kiziltan ME, et al. Circadian changes in corticalexcitability in restless legs syndrome. J Neurol Sci. 2012;316(1-2):122e5–12125.