Telomere length and multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study

References

• Trapp BD, Peterson J, Ransohoff RM, et al. Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(5):278–285. Jan 29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato MP, Derfuss T, Hemmer B, et al. Environmental modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis: Report from the 2016 ECTRIMS focused workshop. Mult Scler. 2018;24(5):590–603. Apr 1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller D, Barkhof F, Montalban X, et al. Clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis, part I: natural history, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4(5):281–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson AJ, Baranzini SE, Geurts J, et al. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2018;391(10130):1622–1636. Apr 21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch-Henriksen N, Sørensen PS. The changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiology. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(5):520–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackburn EH, Epel ES, Lin J. Human telomere biology: a contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risks, and protection. Science. 2015;350(6265):1193–1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haycock PC, Heydon EE, Kaptoge S, et al. Leucocyte telomere length and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and Meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014;349(Jul):g4227–g4227.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forero DA, González-Giraldo Y, López-Quintero C, et al. Meta-analysis of telomere length in Alzheimer’s disease. GERONA. 2016;71(8):1069–1073. Aug
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• , Haycock PC, Burgess S, Nounu A, et al. Association between telomere length and risk of cancer and Non-Neoplastic diseases: a mendelian randomization study. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(5):636–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J, Miao K, Wang H, et al. Association between telomere length and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e79993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan JZ, Guan WP, Maeda T, et al. Patients with multiple sclerosis show increased oxidative stress markers and somatic telomere length shortening. Mol Cell Biochem. 2015;400(1-2):183–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habib R, Ocklenburg S, Hoffjan S, et al. Association between shorter leukocyte telomeres and multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2020;341:577187. 15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee K, Lim CY. Mendelian randomization analysis in observational epidemiology. J Lipid Atheroscler. 2019;8(2):67–77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sekula P, Del Greco M F, Pattaro C, et al. Mendelian randomization as an approach to assess causality using observational data. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27(11):3253–3265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanderWeele TJ, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Cornelis M, et al. Methodological challenges in mendelian randomization. Epidemiology. 2014;25(3):427–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Stoma S, Lotta LA, et al. Genome-wide association analysis in humans links nucleotide metabolism to leukocyte telomere length. Am J Hum Genet. 2020 ;106(3):389–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce BL, Ahsan H, Vanderweele TJ. Power and instrument strength requirements for mendelian randomization studies using multiple genetic variants. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(3):740–752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbanck M, Chen CY. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. 2018;50(5):693–8.
   Google Scholar
• multiple sclerosis genetics consortium. Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility. Science. 2019;365(6460):eaav7188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowden J, Del Greco M F, Minelli C, et al. A framework for the investigation of pleiotropy in two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization. Stat Med. 2017;36(11):1783–1802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, et al. Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator. Genet Epidemiol. 2016;40(4):304–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess S, Thompson SG. Interpreting findings from Mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32(5):377–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egger M, Smith GD, Phillips AN. Meta-analysis: principles and procedures. BMJ. 1997;315(7121):1533–1537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemani G, Zheng J, Elsworth B, et al. The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. Elife. 2018;7:e34408. 30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner M, Bann D, Wiley L, Halcyon study team, et al. Gender and telomere length: systematic review and Meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2014;51:15–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144(5):646–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgin-Lavialle S, Aouba A, Mouthon L, et al. The telomere/telomerase system in autoimmune and systemic immune-mediated diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2010;9(10):646–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh EA, Chitnis T, Krupp L, et al. Pediatric multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2009;5(11):621–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng X, Ljunggren-Rose A, Maas K, et al. Defective ATM-p53-mediated apoptotic pathway in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2005;58(4):577–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meira M, Sievers C, Hoffmann F, et al. PARP-1 deregulation in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2019;5(4):2055217319894604. PMID: 31897308; PMCID: PMC6918498.
   Google Scholar