Psychotherapy and neuroscience: Towards closer integration

REFERENCES

• Andreasen , N. C. 2004 . Brave new brain: Conquering mental illness in the era of the genome , Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Aristotle . 1956 . De Anima , Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley , A. , Bueno , O. , Cahill , L. , Fuster , J. M. , Izquierdo , I. McGaugh , J. L. 2000 . The brain decade in debate: I. Neurobiology of learning and memory. . Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 33 : 993 – 1002 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter , L. R. , Schwartz , J. M. , Bergman , K. S. , Szuba , M. P. , Guze , B. H. Mazziotta , J. C. 1992 . Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive‐compulsive disorder. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 49 : 681 – 689 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswal , B. B. and Ulmer , J. L. 1999 . Blind source separation of multiple signal sources of fMRI data sets using independent component analysis. . Journal of Computational Assisted Tomography , 23 : 265 – 271 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner , J. D. , Narayan , M. , Staib , L. H. , Southwick , S. M. , McGlashan , T. and Charney , D. S. 1999 . Neural correlates of memories of childhood sexual abuse in women with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. . American Journal of Psychiatry , 156 : 1787 – 1795 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner , J. D. , Vythilingam , M. , Vermetten , E. , Southwick , S. M. , McGlashan , T. Staib , L. H. 2003 . Neural correlates of declarative memory for emotionally valenced words in women with posttraumatic stress disorder related to early childhood sexual abuse. . Biological Psychiatry , 53 : 879 – 889 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broca , P. 1861 . Sur le siège de la faculté du langage articulé. . Bulletins de la société anatomique de Paris , 6 : 355 Series 2
   Google Scholar
• Brody , A. L. , Saxena , S. , Mandelkern , M. A. , Fairbanks , L. A. , Ho , M. L. and Baxter , L. R. 2001a . Brain metabolic changes associated with symptom factor improvement in major depressive disorder. . Biological Psychiatry , 50 : 171 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody , A. L. , Saxena , S. , Schwartz , J. M. , Stoessel , P. W. , Maidment , K. Phelps , M. E. 1998 . FDG‐PET predictors of response to behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy in obsessive compulsive disorder. . Psychiatry Research , 84 : 1 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody , A. L. , Saxena , S. , Schwartz , J. M. , Stoessel , P. W. , Maidment , K. Phelps , M. E. 2001b . Regional brain metabolic changes in patients with major depression treated with either paroxetine or interpersonal therapy. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 58 : 631 – 640 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbetta , M. , Akbudak , E. , Conturo , T. E. , Snyder , A. Z. , Ollinger , J. M. Drury , H. A. 1998 . A common network of functional areas for attention and eye movements. . Neuron , 21 : 761 – 773 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culham , J. C. and Kanwisher , N. G. 2001 . Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex. . Current Opinion in Neurobiology , 11 : 157 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dierks , T. , Linden , D. E. J. , Jandl , M. , Formisano , E. , Goebel , R. Lanfermann , H. 1999 . Activation of Heschl's gyrus during auditory hallucinations. . Neuron , 22 : 615 – 621 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietrich , A. 2003 . Functional neuroanatomy of altered states of consciousness: The transient hypofrontality hypothesis. . Consciousness and Cognition , 12 : 231 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan , R. J. 2002 . Emotion, cognition, and behavior. . Science , 298 (5596) : 1191 – 1194 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donders , F. C. 1969 . On the speed of mental processes. . Acta Psychologica , 30 : 412 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein , J. , Stern , E. and Silbersweig , D. 2001 . Neuropsychiatry at the millennium: The potential for mind/brain integration through emerging interdisciplinary research strategies. . Clinical Neuroscience Research , 1 : 10 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eugene , F. , Levesque , J. , Mensour , B. , Leroux , J. M. , Beaudoin , G. Bourgouin , P. 2003 . The impact of individual differences on the neural circuitry underlying sadness. . Neuroimage , 19 : 354 – 364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finger , S. 1994 . Origins of neuroscience: A history of explorations into brain function , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Foa , E. B. , Keane , T. M. and Friedman , M. J. 2000 . Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies , New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Furmark , T. , Tillfors , M. , Marteinsdottir , I. , Fischer , H. , Pissiota , A. Langstrom , B. 2002 . Common changes in cerebral flow in patients with social phobia treated with citalopram or cognitive‐behavioral therapy. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 59 : 425 – 433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbard , G. O. 2000 . A neurobiologically informed perspective on psychotherapy. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 177 : 117 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier , I. , Skudlarski , P. , Gore , J. C. and Anderson , A. W. 2000 . Expertise for cars and birds recruits brain areas involved in face recognition. . Nature Neuroscience , 3 : 191 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbertson , M. W. , Shenton , M. E. , Ciszewski , A. , Kasai , K. , Lasko , N. B. Orr , S. P. 2002 . Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. . Nature Neuroscience , 5 : 1242 – 1247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldapple , K. , Segal , Z. , Garson , C. , Lau , M. , Bieling , P. Kennedy , S. 2004 . Modulation of cortical‐limbic pathways in major depression: Treatment‐specific effects of cognitive behavior therapy. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 61 : 34 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graziano , M. S. , Hu , X. T. and Gross , C. G. 1997 . Coding the locations of objects in the dark. . Science , 277 : 239 – 241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadjikhani , N. , Joseph , R. M. , Snyder , J. , Chabris , C. F. , Clark , J. Steele , S. 2004 . Activation of the fusiform gyrus when individuals with autism spectrum disorder view faces. . Neuroimage , 22 : 1141 – 1150 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halligan , S. L. , Michael , T. , Clark , D. M. and Ehlers , A. 2003 . Posttraumatic stress disorder following assault: The role of cognitive processing, trauma memory, and appraisals. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 71 : 419 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasson , U. , Avidan , G. , Deouell , L. Y. , Bentin , S. and Malach , R. 2003 . Face‐selective activation in a congenital prosopagnosic subject. . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 15 : 419 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , J. H. 1931 . Selected writings of John Hughlings Jackson , London : Hodder & Stoughton .
   Google Scholar
• James , T. W. , Culham , J. , Humphrey , G. K. , Milner , A. D. and Goodale , M. A. 2003 . Ventral occipital lesions impair object recognition but not object‐directed grasping: An fMRI study. . Brain , 126 : 2463 – 2475 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johanson , A. , Risberg , J. , Tucker , D. M. and Gustafson , L. 2006 . Changes in frontal lobe activity with cognitive therapy for spider phobia. . Applied Neuropsychology , 13 : 34 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , E. , Vermaas , R. H. , McCartney , H. , Beech , C. , Palmer , I. Hyams , K. 2003 . Flashbacks and post‐traumatic stress disorder: The genesis of a 20th‐century diagnosis. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 182 : 158 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel , E. R. 1998 . A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. . American Journal of Psychiatry , 155 : 457 – 469 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel , E. , Schuartz , J. H. and Jessell , T. M. 2000 . Principles of neural science , New York : McGraw‐Hill . (4th ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Kanwisher , N. , McDermott , J. and Chun , M. M. 1997 . The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. . Journal of Neuroscience , 17 : 4302 – 4311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraemer , D. J. M. , Macrae , C. N. , Green , A. E. and Kelley , W. M. 2005 . Musical imagery: Sound of silence activates auditory cortex. . Nature , 434 : 158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lackner , J. M. , Lou Coad , M. , Mertz , H. R. , Wack , D. S. , Katz , L. A. Krasner , S. S. 2006 . Cognitive therapy for irritable bowel syndrome is associated with reduced limbic activity, GI symptoms, and anxiety. . Behavior Research and Therapy , 44 : 621 – 638 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lanius , R. A. , Williamson , P. C. , Boksman , K. , Densmore , M. , Gupta , M. Neufeld , R. W. 2002 . Brain activation during script‐driven imagery induced dissociative responses in PTSD: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. . Biological Psychiatry , 52 : 305 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanius , R. A. , Williamson , P. C. , Densmore , M. , Boksman , K. , Neufeld , R. W. Gati , J. S. 2004 . The nature of traumatic memories: A 4‐T fMRI functional connectivity analysis. . American Journal of Psychiatry , 161 : 36 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , P. , Lazrove , S. and Van der Kolk , B. 1999 . What psychological testing and neuroimaging tell us about the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 13 : 159 – 172 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks , I. , Lovell , K. , Noshirvani , H. , Livanou , M. and Thrasher , S. 1998 . Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by exposure and/or cognitive restructuring: A controlled study. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 55 : 317 – 325 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , S. D. , Martin , E. , Rai , S. S. , Richardson , M. A. and Royall , R. 2001 . Brain blood flow changes in depressed patients treated with interpersonal psychotherapy or venlafaxine hydrochloride: Preliminary findings. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 58 : 641 – 648 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGaugh , J. L. L. , Cahill , L. and Roozendaal , B. 1996 . Involvement of the amygdala in memory storage: Interaction with other brain systems. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 93 : 13508 – 13514 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meister , I. , Krings , T. , Foltys , H. , Boroojerdi , B. , Muller , M. Topper , R. 2005 . Effects of long‐term practice and task complexity in musicians and nonmusicians performing simple and complex motor tasks: Implications for cortical motor organization. . Human Brain Mapping , 25 : 345 – 352 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakao , T. , Nakagawa , A. , Yoshiura , T. , Nakatani , E. , Nabeyama , M. Yoshizato , C. 2005 . Brain activation of patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder during neuropsychological and symptom provocation tasks before and after symptom improvement: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. . Biological Psychiatry , 57 : 901 – 910 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakatani , E. , Nakgawa , A. , Ohara , Y. , Goto , S. , Uozumi , N. Iwakiri , M. 2003 . Effects of behavior therapy on regional cerebral blood flow in obsessive‐compulsive disorder. . Psychiatry Research , 124 : 113 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newberg , A. , Alavi , A. , Baime , M. and D'Aquili , E. 1997 . The measurement of cerebral blood flow during the complex cognitive task of meditation using HMPAO‐SPECT imaging. . Journal of Nuclear Medicine , 38 : 95
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisbett , R. E. and Masuda , T. 2003 . Culture and point of view. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 100 : 11163 – 11170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer , S. E. 1999 . Vision science: Photons to phenomenology , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Paquette , V. , Levesque , J. , Mensour , B. , Leroux , J. M. , Beaudoin , G. Bourgouin , P. 2003 . Change the mind and you change the brain: Effects of cognitive‐behavioral therapy on the neural correlates of spider phobia. . Neuroimage , 18 : 401 – 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penades , R. , Boget , T. , Lomena , F. , Mateos , J. J. , Catalan , R. Gasto , C. 2002 . Could the hypofrontality pattern in schizophrenia be modified through neuropsychological rehabilitation? . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 105 : 202 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penfield , W. and Rasmussen , T. 1952 . The cerebral cortex of man , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Peres , J. F. P. , Mercante , J. P. P. and Nasello , A. G. 2005a . Psychological dynamics affecting traumatic memories: Implications in psychotherapy. . Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice , 78 : 431 – 447 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peres , J. F. P. , Mercante , J. P. P. and Nasello , A. G. 2005b . Posttraumatic stress disorder: Neuroimaging findings and their clinical implications. . Revista Psiquiatria Clinica , 32 : 189 – 201 .
   Google Scholar
• Peres , J. F. P. , Newberg , A. B. , Mercante , J. P. , Simão , M. , Albuquerque , V. E. Peres , M. J. P. in press . Cerebral blood flow changes during retrieval of traumatic memories before and after psychotherapy: A SPECT study. . Psychological Medicine ,
   Google Scholar
• Pitman , R. K. , Orr , S. P. , Forgue , D. F. , De Jong J. , B. and Claiborn , J. M. 1987 . Psychophysiological assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder imagery in Vietnam combat veterans. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 44 : 970 – 975 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poldrack , R. A. and Packard , M. G. 2003 . Competition among multiple memory systems: Converging evidence from animal and human brain studies. . Neuropsychologia , 41 : 245 – 251 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasko , J. , Horacek , J. , Zalesky , R. , Kopecek , M. , Novak , T. Paskova , B. 2004 . The change of regional brain metabolism (18FDG PET) in panic disorder during the treatment with cognitive behavioural therapy or antidepressants. . Neuroendocrinological Letters , 25 : 340 – 348 .
   Google Scholar
• Rainville , P. , Hofbauer , R. K. , Bushnell , M. C. , Duncan , G. H. and Price , D. D. 2002 . Hypnosis modulates activity in brain structures involved in the regulation of consciousness. . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 14 : 887 – 901 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauch , S. L. , Van der Kolk , B. A. , Fisler , R. E. , Alpert , N. M. , Orr , S. P. Savage , C. R. 1996 . A symptom provocation study of posttraumatic stress disorder using positron emission tomography and script‐driven imagery. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 53 : 380 – 387 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roffman , J. L. , Marci , C. D. , Glick , D. M. , Dougherty , D. D. and Rauch , S. L. 2005 . Neuroimaging and the functional neuroanatomy of psychotherapy. . Psychological Medicine , 35 : 1385 – 1398 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rybakowski , J. 2002 . Neurobiological aspects of psychotherapy theory and practice. . Psychiatra Polska , 36 : 5 – 15 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sakai , Y. , Kumano , H. , Nishikawa , M. , Sakano , Y. , Kaiya , H. Imabayashi , E. 2006 . Changes in cerebral glucose utilization in patients with panic disorder treated with cognitive‐behavioral therapy. . Neuroimage , 33 : 218 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz , J. M. , Stoessel , P. W. , Baxter , L. R. , Martin , K. M. and Phelps , M. E. 1996 . Systematic changes in cerebral glucose metabolic rate after successful behavior modification treatment of obsessive‐compulsive disorder. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 53 : 109 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin , L. M. , Shin , P. S. , Heckers , S. , Krangel , T. S. , Macklin , M. L. Orr , S. P. 2004 . Hippocampal function in posttraumatic stress disorder. . Hippocampus , 14 : 292 – 300 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperry , R. W. 1968 . Hemisphere deconnection and unity in conscious awareness. . American Psychologist , 23 : 723 – 733 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squire , L. and Kandel , E. 2003 . Memória: da mente às moléculas , Porto Alegre, Brazil : Artmed. (Original published 1999) . (Carla Dalmaz & Jorge Quillfeldt, Trans.)
   Google Scholar
• Straube , T. , Glauer , M. , Dilger , S. , Mentzel , H. J. and Miltner , W. H. R. 2006 . Effects of cognitive‐behavioral therapy on brain activation in specific phobia. . Neuroimage , 29 : 125 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Kolk , B. A. , Burbridge , J. A. and Suzuki , J. 1997 . The psychobiology of traumatic memory: Clinical implications of neuroimaging studies. . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 821 : 99 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessa , M. , Jatzko , A. and Flor , H. 2006 . Retrieval and emotional processing of traumatic memories in posttraumatic stress disorder: Peripheral and central correlates. . Neuropsychologia , 44 : 1683 – 1696 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson , J. W. , McColl , R. , Mathews , D. , Mitchell , J. H. , Raven , P. B. and Morgan , W. P. 2001 . Hypnotic manipulation of effort sense during dynamic exercise: Cardiovascular responses and brain activation. . Journal of Applied Physiology , 90 : 1392 – 1399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wykes , T. , Brammer , M. , Mellers , J. , Bray , P. , Reeder , C. Williams , S. 2002 . Effects on the brain of a psychological treatment: Cognitive remediation therapy: Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 181 : 144 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar