Nesting biology and flower preferences of Megachile (Sayapis) zaptlana

References

• Aguiar, C. M. L. (2003). Utilização de recursos florais por abelhas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) em uma área de Caatinga (Itatim, Bahia, Brasil). [Use of floral resources by bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in an area of Caatinga (Itatim, Bahia, Brazil)]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 20(3), 457–467. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752003000300015
   Google Scholar
• Aguiar, C. M. L., & Garófalo, C.A. (2004). Nesting biology of Centris (Hemisiella) tarsata Smith (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21(3), 477–486. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752004000300009
   Google Scholar
• Aguiar, A. J. C., & Martins, C. F. (2002). Abelhas e vespas solitárias em ninhos-armadilha na Reserva Biológica Guaribas (Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brasil). [Trap-nesting solitary bees and wasps (Hymenoptera) in Guaribas Biological Reserve (Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brazil)]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 19(suppl 1), 101–116. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752002000500005
   Google Scholar
• Aguiar, C. M. L., & Zanella, F. C. V. (2005). Estrutura da comunidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformis) de uma área na margem do domínio da caatinga (Itatim, BA). [Structure of the bee community (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformis) from an area on the edge of the caatinga domain (Itatim, BA)]. Neotropical Entomology, 34(1), 15–24. doi:10.1590/S1519-566X2005000100003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alex-dos-Santos, A. (2011). Solitary bee and wasp nesting and reproductive biology of Megachile dentipes Vachal (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) in trap nests (Master’s thesis). Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil.
   Google Scholar
• Alex-dos-Santos, A. (2008). Abelhas e vespas solitárias em ninhos-armadilha no cenário da mata atlântica de Pernambuco, Brasil. [Solitary bees and wasps in trap-nests in the Atlantic Forest of Pernambuco, Brazil]. (Monografia, 37 p). Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife.
   Google Scholar
• Almeida, D. A. O., Martins, R. P., & Buschini, M. L. T. (1997). Behavior and nesting dynamics of the neotropical cavity-nesting specialist bee Megachile assumptionis Schrottky, with comparisons to the neartic Megachile brevis Say (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 6, 344–352.
   Google Scholar
• Alonso, J., Silva, J., & Garófalo, C. (2012). The effects of cavity length on nest size, sex ratio and mortality of Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini). Apidologie, 43(4), 436–448. doi:10.1007/s13592-011-0110-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves-dos-Santos, I. (2004). Biologia de nidificação de Anthodioctes megachiloides Holmberg (Anthidiini, Megachilidae, Apoidea). [Nesting biology of Anthodioctes megachiloides Holmberg (Anthidiini, Megachilidae, Apoidea)]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21(4), 739–744. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752004000400002
   Google Scholar
• Anzenberger, G. (1977). Ethological study of African Carpenter bees of the Genus Xylocopa (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Zeitschrift Für Tierpsychologie, 44(4), 337–374. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1977.tb01001.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Batalha-Filho, H., Nunes, L. A., Pereira, D. G., & Waldschmidt, M. (2007). Inventário da fauna de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) em uma área de caatinga da região de Jequié, BA. [Inventory of the bee fauna (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in a caatinga area of the Jequié region, BA]. Biociência, 23, 24–29.
   Google Scholar
• Blochtein, B., & Wittmann, D. (1988). Mating site specificity, reproduction and vector selection in Nemognatha nigrotarsata (Col., Meloidae), a nest parasite of leafcutter bees and other pollinators of crops in Rio Grande do Sul. Journal of Applied Entomology, 105(1-5), 414–419. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1988.tb00204.x
   Google Scholar
• Bohart, G. E. (1972). Management of wild bees for the pollination of crops. Annual Review of Entomology, 17(1), 287–312. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.17.010172.001443
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch, J. (1994). Improvement of field management of Osmia cornuta (Latreille) (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Apidologie, 25(1), 71–83. doi:10.1051/apido:19940108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch, J., Vicens, N., & Blasm, M. (1993). Analisis de los nidos de algunos Megachilidae nidificantes en cavidades preestabelecides (Hymenoptera, Apoidea.). Orsis, 8, 53–63.
   Google Scholar
• Brockmann, H. J., & Grafen, A. (1989). Mate conflict and male behaviour in a solitary wasp, Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) politum (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Animal Behaviour, 37, 232–255. doi:10.1016/0003-3472(89)90113-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckner, J. S., Pitts-Singer, T. L., Guedot, C., Hagen, M. M., Fatland, C.L., & Kemp, W. P. (2009). Cuticular lipids of female solitary bees, Osmia lignaria Say and Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 153(2), 200–205. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.02.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buschini, M. L.T., Rigon, J., & Cordeiro, J. (2009). Plants used by Megachile (Moureapis) sp. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the provisioning of their nests. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 69(4), 1187–1194. doi:10.1590/S1519-69842009000500025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camarotti-de-Lima, M. de F., & Martins, C. F. (2005). Biologia de nidificação e aspectos ecológicos de Anthodioctes lunatus (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae, Anthidiini) em área de tabuleiro nordestino, PB. [Nesting biology and ecological aspects of Anthodioctes lunatus (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae, Anthidiini) in a northeastern ‘Tabuleiro’ area, PB]. Neotropical Entomology, 34, 375–380. doi:10.1590/S1519-566X2005000300003
   Google Scholar
• Camillo, E., Garófalo, C. A., & Serrano, J. C. (1983). Preliminary notes on the biology of Lithurgus huberi (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 43, 151–156.
   Google Scholar
• Camillo, E., Garófalo, C. A., & Serrano, J. C. (1994). Nesting activities and nest reuse of Lithurgus huberi (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 54, 183–194.
   Google Scholar
• Cane, J. H., et al. (2004). Exposing their progeny: Using X-rays and observation nests to study and manipulate cavity-nesting bees. In K. Hartfelder, D. De Jong. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th IBRA International Conference on Tropical Bees and VI Encontro sobre Abelhas (pp. 99–100), Ribeirão Preto, SP.
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho, A. T., & Schlindwein, C. (2011). Obligate association of an oligolectic bee and a seasonal aquatic herb in semi-arid north-eastern Brazil. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 102(2), 355–368. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01587.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claude-Joseph, F. (1926). Recherches biologiques sur les Hyménoptères du Chili (Mellifères.). Annales Des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 9, 113–268.
   Google Scholar
• Cockerell, T. D. A. (1923). Some bees from British Guiana. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11(64), 442–459. doi:10.1080/00222932308632869
   Google Scholar
• Cockerell, T. D. A. (1928). Bees collected by Dr. Psyche. A Journal of Entomology, 35(3), 170–172. doi:10.1155/1928/31092
   Google Scholar
• Coville, R. E. (1982). Wasps of the genus Trypoxylon subgenus Trypargilum in North America (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). University of California Publications Entomology, 97, 1–147.
   Google Scholar
• Cruz, R. M., & Martins, C. F. (2015). Pollinators of Richardia grandiflora (Rubiaceae): An important ruderal species for bees. Neotropical Entomology, 44(1), 21–29. doi:10.1007/s13744-014-0252-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danforth, B. N. (1989). Nesting behavior of four species of Perdita (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 62, 59–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durante, S. P., & Díaz, N. B. (1996). Estudio taxonómico de las especies argentinas del genero Eumegachile Friese (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 40, 327–336. doi:10.1590/S0085-56262002000100003
   Google Scholar
• Eickwort, G. C. (1975). Gregarious nesting of the mason bee Hoplitis anthocopoides and the evolution of parasitism and sociality among megachilid bees. Evolution, 29(1), 142–150. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00821.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eickwort, G. C., Matthews, R. W., & Carpenter, J. M. (1981). Observations on the nesting behavior of Megachile rubi and M. texana with a discussion of the significance of soil nesting in the evolution of megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae.). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 54, 557–570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauria, K., Campan, R., & Grimal, A. (2004). Visual marks learned by the solitary bee Megachile rotundata for localizing its nest. Animal Behaviour, 67(3), 523–530. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.06.002
   Google Scholar
• Frank, G. (2003). Alfalfa seed and leafcutter bee production & marketing manual. Alberta, Canada.: Irrig. Alfalfa Seed Prod. Assoc.
   Google Scholar
• Frohlich, D. R. (1983). On the nesting biology of Osmia (Chenosmia) bruneri (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 56, 123–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frolich, D. R., & Parker, F. D. (1983). Nest building behavior and development of the sunflower leafcutter bee: Eumegachile (Sayapis) pugnata (Say) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Psyche: A Journal of Entomology, 90, 193–209. doi:10.1155/1983/28573
   Google Scholar
• Garófalo, C. A., Martins, C. F., & Alves-dos-Santos, I. (2004). The Brazilian solitary bee species caught in trap nests. In: B. M. Freitas & J. O. P. Pereira (Eds.), Solitary bees - Conservation, rearing and management for pollination (pp. 77–84). Fortaleza: Imprensa Universitária.
   Google Scholar
• Gebhardt, M., & Röhr, G. (1987). Zur Bionomie der Sandbienen Andrena clarkella (Kirby), A. cineraria (L.), A. fuscipes (Kirby) und ihrer Kuckucksbienen (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Drosera, 87, 89–114.
   Google Scholar
• Gimenes, M., & Lobão, C. S. (2006). A polinização de Krameria bahiana B.B. Simpson (Krameriaceae) por abelhas (Apidae) na restinga, BA. [Pollination of Krameria baiana B.B. Simpson (Krameriaceae) by bees (Apidae) in restinga, BA.]. Neotropical Entomology, 35(4), 440–445. doi:10.1590/S1519-566X2006000400003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giovanetti, M., & Lasso, E. (2005). Body size, loading capacity and rate of reproduction in the communal bee Andrena agilissima Apidologie, 36(3), 439–447. doi:10.1051/apido:2005028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graenicher, S. (1935). Bee-fauna and vegetation of Wisconsin. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 28(2), 285–310. doi:10.1093/aesa/28.2.285
   Google Scholar
• Gruber, B., Eckel, K., Everaars, J., & Dormann, C. F. (2011). On managing the red mason bee (Osmia bicornis) in apple orchards. Apidologie, 42(5), 564–576. doi:10.1007/s13592-011-0059-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guedot, C., Bosch, J., & Kemp, W. P. (2005). The relative importance of vertical and horizontal visual cues in nest location by Megachile rotundata. Journal of Apicultural Research, 44, 109–115. doi:10.1080/00218839.2005.11101159
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guedot, C., Bosch, J., James, R. R., & Kemp, W. P. (2006). Effects of three-dimensional and color patterns on nest location and progeny mortality in alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, 626–633. doi:10.1093/jee/99.3.626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guedot, C., Pitts-Singer, T. L., Buckner, J. S., Bosch, J., & Kemp, W. P. (2005). Use of olfactory cues for individual nest recognition in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Proceedings for the Winter Seed School Conference, (, 45.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, W. D. (1967). Extraordinary sex ratios. Science, 156(3774), 477–488. doi:10.1126/science.156.3774.477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobbs, G. A. (1967). Domestication of alfalfa leaf-cutter bees. Publ. No. 1313. Ottawa, Ontario: Canada Department of Agriculture.
   Google Scholar
• Horne, M. (1995a). Pollen preference and its relationship to nesting success of Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachile). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 88(6), 862–867. doi:10.1093/aesa/88.6.862
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horne, M. (1995b). Leaf area and toughness: Effects on nesting material preferences of Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachile). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 88(6), 868–875. doi:10.1093/aesa/88.6.868
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurd, P. D., & Moure, J. S. (1960). A new world subgenus of bamboo-nesting carpenter bees belonging to the genus Xylocopa Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53(6), 809–821. doi:10.1093/aesa/53.6.809
   Google Scholar
• ITEP. (2010). Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco. Retrieved from http://www.itep.br
   Google Scholar
• Jesus, B. M. V., & Garófalo, C. A. (2000). Nesting behavior of Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius) in southeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini). Apidologie, 31, 503–515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp, W. P., & Bosch, J. (2001). Postcocooning temperatures and diapause in the alfalfa pollinator Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94(2), 244–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. Y. (1992). Nest dimensions of two leaf-cutter bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 85(1), 85–90. doi:10.1093/aesa/85.1.85
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. Y. (1999). Influence of resource level on maternal investment in a leaf-cutter bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Behavioral Ecology, 10(5), 552–556. doi:10.1093/beheco/10.5.552
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, A. M., Steffan-Dewenter, I., & Tscharntke, T. (2004). Foraging trip duration and density of megachilid bees, eumenid wasps and pompilid wasps in tropical agroforestry systems. Journal of Animal Ecology, 73(3), 517–525. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00826.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, A. M., Steffan-Dewenter, I., & Tscharntke, T. (2006). Rain forest promotes trophic interactions and diversity of trap-nesting Hymenoptera in adjacent agroforestry. Journal of Animal Ecology, 75(2), 315–323. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01042.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krombein, K. V. (1967). Trap-nesting wasps and bees: Life histories, nests and associates. Smithsonian Press: Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Laroca, S. (1971). Notas sobre a nidificação de Chrysosarus tapytensis Michell (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). [Notes on the nesting of Chrysosarus tapytensis Michell (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)]. Boletim da Universidade Do Paraná, Zoologia, 4, 39–44.
   Google Scholar
• Laroca, S., Schwartz-Filho, D. L., & Zanella, F. C. V. (1987). Ninho de M. (Austromegachile) habilis e notas sobre a diversidade de Megachile (Apoidea, Megachilidae) em biótopos neotropicais. [Nest of M. (Austromegachile) habilis and notes on the diversity of Megachile (Apoidea, Megachilidae) in Neotropical biotopes]. Acta Biológica Paranaense, 16, 93–105. doi:10.5380/abpr.v16i0.812
   Google Scholar
• Louveaux, J., Maurizio, A., & Vorwohl, G. (1978). Methods of melissopalynology. Bee World, 59(4), 139–157. doi:10.1080/0005772X.1978.11097714
   Google Scholar
• Martins, R. P., & Almeida, D. A. O. (1994). Is the bee, Megachile assumptionis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), a cavity-nesting specialist? Journal of Insect Behavior, 7(5), 759–765. doi:10.1007/BF01997444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medler, J. T. (1964). A note on Megachile (Sayapis) pugnata pugnata Say in trap-nests in Wisconsin (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 96(6), 918–921. doi:10.4039/Ent96918-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medler, J. T., & Koerber, T. W. (1958). Biology of Megachile relativa Cresson (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) in trap-nests in Wisconsin. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 51(4), 337–344. doi:10.1093/aesa/51.4.337
   Google Scholar
• Melo, G. A. R., & Parizotto, D. (2015). Three new species of Megachile (Chrysosarus) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Megachilinae). In: A. J. C. Aguiar, R. B. Gonçalves, & K. Ramos. (Eds.), Ensaios sobre as abelhas da região Neotropical [Essays on the bees of the Neotropical region] (pp. 149–164). Curitiba: Editora UFPR.
   Google Scholar
• Mendes, F. N., & Rêgo, M. M. C. (2007). Nidificação de Centris (Hemisiella) tarsata Smith (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini) em ninhos-armadilha no Nordeste do Maranhão, Brasil. [Nesting of Centris (Hemisiella) tarsata Smith (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini) in trap-nests in the Northeast of Maranhão, Brazil]. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 51, 382–388. doi:10.1590/S0085-56262007000300017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michener, C. D. (1953). The biology of the leafcutter bee (Megachile brevis) and its associates. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 35, 1659–1748.
   Google Scholar
• Michener, C. D. (2007). The bees of the world.. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press
   Google Scholar
• Milet-Pinheiro, P., & Schlindwein, C. (2008). Comunidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) e plantas em uma área do Agreste pernambucano, Brasil. [Community of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) and plants in an area of Agreste, Pernambuco, Brazil]. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 52(4), 625–636. doi:10.1590/S0085-56262008000400014
   Google Scholar
• Minckley, R. L., Wcislo, W. T., Yanega, D., & Buchmann, S. L. (1994). Behavior and phenology of a specialist bee (Dieunomia triangulifera) and sunflower (Helianthus) pollen availability. Ecology, 75(5), 1406–1419. doi:10.2307/1937464
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, T. B. (1934). A revision of the genus Megachile in the Nearctic region. Part I. Classification and description of new species (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 59, 295–361.
   Google Scholar
• Morato, E. F. (2001). Biologia e ecologia de Anthodioctes moratoi Urban (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Anthidiini) em matas contínuas e fragmentos na Amazônia Central, Brasil. [Biology and ecology of Anthodioctes moratoi Urban (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Anthidiini) in continuous forests and fragments in Central Amazonia, Brazil]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18, 729–736. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752001000300009
   Google Scholar
• Morato, E. F. (2003). Biologia de Megachile (Austromegachile) orbiculata Mitchell (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) em matas contínuas e fragmentos na Amazônia central. [Biology of Megachile (Austromegachile) orbiculata Mitchell (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) in continuous forests and fragments in central Amazonia]. In: G. A. R. Melo & I. Alves-dos Santos, Apoidea Neotropica: Homenagem aos 90 anos de Jesus Santiago Moure. [Apoidea Neotropica: Tribute to the 90 years of Jesus Santiago Moure] (pp. 157–162). Criciúma: Editora UNESC.
   Google Scholar
• Morato, E. F., Garcia, M. V. B., & Campos, L. A. O. (1999). Biologia de Centris Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae, Centridini) em matas contínuas e fragmentos na Amazônia Central. [Biology of Centris Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae, Centridini) in continuous forests and fragments in Central Amazonia]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16(4), 1213–1222. doi:10.1590/S0101-81751999000400029
   Google Scholar
• Morse, R. A., & Calderone, N. W. (2000). The value of honey bees as pollinators of U.S. crops in 2000. Bee Culture, 128, 1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Moura, D. C. (2008). Interações entre abelhas e plantas nas Matas Ciliares do Rio São Francisco [Interactions between bees and plants in the Riparian Forests of the São Francisco River] (Doctoral dissertation). Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife
   Google Scholar
• Moure, J. S., Melo, G. A. R., & Vivallo, F. (2012). Megachile (Sayapis) Titus, 1906. In J. S. Moure, D. Urban, & G. A. R. Melo (Orgs). Catalogue of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the neotropical region. Retrieved from http://moure.cria.org.br/catalogue?id=19649.
   Google Scholar
• Münster-Swendsen, M., & Calabuig, I. (2000). Interaction between the solitary bee Chelostoma florisomne and its nest parasite Sapyga clavicornis — empty cells reduce the impact of parasites. Ecological Entomology, 25, 63–70. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.2000.00225.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, J. L. (2008). Components of nest provisioning behavior in solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Apidologie, 39(1), 30–45. doi:10.1051/apido:2007055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishida, T. (1963). Ecology of the pollinators of passion fruit. Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station (Report No. 5). University of Hawaii, Honolulu Technical Bulletin, Honolulu.
   Google Scholar
• Nogueira, E. M. L., & Vaz de Arruda, L. (2006). Fenologia reprodutiva, polinização e sistema reprodutivo de Sophora tomentosa L. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) em restinga da praia da Joaquina, Florianópolis, sul do Brasil [Reproductive phenology, pollination and reproductive system of Sophora tomentosa L. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) in restinga of Joaquina beach, Florianópolis, southern Brazil]. Biotemas, 19, 29–36.
   Google Scholar
• O’neill, K. M. (2001). Solitary wasps: Behavior and natural history. Cornell University Press: Ithaca.
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira, R., & Schlindwein, C. (2009). Searching for a manageable pollinator for acerola orchards: The solitary oil collecting bee Centris analis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini). Journal of Economic Entomology, 102(1), 265–273. doi:10.1603/029.102.0136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paini, D. R. (2004). Nesting biology of an Australian resin bee Megachile sp. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): A study using trap nests. Australian Journal of Entomology, 43(1), 10–15. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.2004.00404.x
   Google Scholar
• Parker, F. D. (1987). Nests of Callanthidium from block traps (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 63, 125–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Maluf, R. (1993). Biologia de vespas e abelhas solitárias, em ninhos armadilhas em Viçosa – MG [Biology of wasps and solitary bees, in nest-traps in Viçosa - MG (Master thesis). Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa.
   Google Scholar
• Pitts-Singer, T. L. (2008). Past and present management of alfalfa bees. In: R. R. James & T. L. Pitts-Singer (Eds.), Bee pollination in agricultural ecosystems (105–123). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pitts-Singer, T. L., & Cane, J. H. (2011). The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata: The world’s most intensively managed solitary bee. Annual Review of Entomology, 56(1), 221–237. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144836
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raw, A. (2002). New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Zootaxa, 71(1), 1–43. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1
   Google Scholar
• Rebelo, J. M. M., Rego, M. M. C., & Albuquerque, P. M. C. (2003). Abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) da região setentrional do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil [Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from the northern region of the state of Maranhão, Brazil] In: G.A.R. Melo & I. Alves-dos-Santos (Eds.), Apoidea Neotropica: Homenagem aos 90 anos de Jesus Santiago Moure. [Apoidea Neotropica: Tribute to the 90 years of Jesus Santiago Moure] (pp. 265–278). Criciúma: Editora UNESC.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, K. W. (1984). Alfafa leafcutter bee management in Western Canada. Ottawa, Research Branch: Agriculture Canada, Publication 1495E.
   Google Scholar
• Rodarte, A. T. A., Silva, F. O., & Viana, B. F. (2008). A flora melitófila de uma área de dunas com vegetação de caatinga, estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. [The melitophilous flora of an area of dunes with vegetation of caatinga, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil]. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 22(2), 301–312. doi:10.1590/S0102-33062008000200001
   Google Scholar
• Schessl, M., Silva, W. L., & Gottsberger, G. (2008). Effects of fragmentation on forest structure and litter dynamics in Atlantic rainforest in Pernambuco, Brazil. Flora, 203(3), 215–228. doi:10.1016/j.flora.2007.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlindwein, C. (1998). Frequent oligolecty characterizing a diverse bee-plant community in a xerophytic bushland of subtropical Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 33(1), 46–59. doi:10.1076/snfe.33.1.46.2168
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlindwein, C., & Martins, C. F. (2000). Competition between the oligolectic bee Ptilothrix plumata (Anthophoridae) and the flower closing beetle Pristimerus calcaratus (Curculionidae) for floral resources of Pavonia cancellata (Malvaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 224(3-4), 183–194. doi:10.1007/BF00986342
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz, M. P. (1988). Local resource enhancement and sex ratios in a primitively social bee. Nature, 331(6154), 346–348. doi:10.1038/331346a0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, V. L., Scott, T. K., & Strickler, K. (2000). Reproductive biology of two Coelioxys cleptoparasites in relation to their Megachile hosts (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93(4), 941–948.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sihag, R. C. (1993). Behaviour and ecology of the subtropical carpenter bee, Xylocopa fenestrata F. 8. Life cycle, seasonal mortality, parasites and sex ratio. Journal of Apicultural Research, 32(2), 109–114. doi:10.1080/00218839.1993.11101295
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silveira, F. A., Melo, G. A. R., & Almeida, E. A. B. (2002). Abelhas Brasileiras: Sistemática e Identificação. [Brazilian Bees: Systematics and Identification]. Belo Horizonte: Fundação Araucária.
   Google Scholar
• Stark, R. E. (1992). Sex ratio and maternal investment in the multivoltine large carpenter bee Xylocopa sulcatipes (Apoidea: Anthophoridae). Ecological Entomology, 17(2), 160–166. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1992.tb01174.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strickler, K., Scott, V. L., & Fischer, R. L. (1996). Comparative nesting ecology of two sympatric leafcutting bees that differ in body size (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 69, 26–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tepedino, V. J., & Torchio, P. F. (1989). The influence of nest-hole selection on sex ratio and progeny size in Osmia lignaria propinqua (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 82(3), 355–360. doi:10.1093/aesa/82.3.355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torchio, P. F. (1972). Sapyga pumila Cresson, a parasite of Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Sapygidae; Megachilidae). Melanderia, 10, 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Torchio, P. F. (1989). In-nest biologies and development of immature stages of three Osmia species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 82(5), 599–615. doi:10.1093/aesa/82.5.599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torretta, J. P., & Durante, S. P. (2011). Nesting ecology of Megachile (Sayapis) mendozana Cockerell and its synonymy with Megachile (Sayapis) santiaguensis Durante (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Zootaxa, 3008(1), 63–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3008.1.3
   Google Scholar
• Trindade, M. B., Lins-e-Silva, A. C. B., Silva, H. P., Figueira, S. B., & Schessl, M. (2008). Fragmentation of the Atlantic rainforest in the northern coastal region of Pernambuco, Brazil: Recent changes and implications for conservation. In: Rodal, M. J. N., Lins-e-Silva, A. C. L., Gottsberger, G. (Eds.), The Fragments Project. Bioremediation, Biodiversity and Bioavailability, 2, 5–13.
   Google Scholar
• Tscharntke, T., Gathmann, A., & Steffan-Dewenter, I. (1998). Bioindication using trap-nesting bees and wasps and their natural enemies: Community structure and interactions. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35(5), 708–719. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.1998.355343.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varassin, I. G., & Silva, A. G. (1999). A melitofilia em Passiflora alata Dryander (Passifloraceae), em vegetação de restinga. [The melitophilly in Passiflora alata Dryander (Passifloraceae), in restinga vegetation]. Rodriguésia, 50(76-77), 5–17. doi:10.1590/2175-78601998199950767701
   Google Scholar
• Viana, B. F., Silva, F. O., & Kleinert, A. M. P. (2001). Diversidade e sazonalidade de abelhas solitárias (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) em dunas litorâneas no Nordeste do Brasil. [Diversity and seasonality of solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in coastal dunes in Northeastern Brazil]. Neotropical Entomology, 30(2), 245–251. doi:10.1590/S1519-566X2001000200006
   Google Scholar
• Villanueva-Gutiérrez, R., & Roubik, D. W. (2004). Pollen sources of long-tongued solitary bees (Megachilidae) in the biosphere reserve of Quitana Rôo, México. In B. M. Freitas & J. O. P. Pereira (Eds.), Solitary bees: Conservation, rearing and management for pollination (p. 185–190, 285). UFC, Fortaleza: Imprensa Universitária.
   Google Scholar
• Watmough, R. H. (1983). Mortality, sex ratio, and fecundity in natural populations of large carpenter bees (Xylocopa). The Journal of Animal Ecology, 52(1), 111–125. doi:10.2307/4591
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerkamp, C. (1993). The co-operation between the asymmetric flower of Lathyrus latifolius (Fabaceae-Vicieae) and its visitors. Phyton, 33, 121–137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittmann, D., & Schlindwein, C. (1995). Melittophilous plants, their pollen and flower visiting bees in Southern Brazil 1: Loasaceae. Biociências, 3, 19–34.
   Google Scholar
• Yocum, G. D., Kemp, W. P., Bosch, J., & Knoblett, J. N. (2005). Temporal variation in overwintering gene expression and respiration in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata. Journal of Insect Physiology, 51(6), 621–629. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zar, J. H. (1996). Biostatistical analysis (3rd ed.). London: Prentice-Hall, International, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Zillikens, A., & Steiner, J. (2004). Nest Architecture, life cycle and cleptoparasite of the Neotropical leaf-cutting bee Megachile (Chrysosarus) pseudanthidioides Moure (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 77(3), 193–202. doi:10.2317/0310.29.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar