References and notes
- Russell , N. C. 1988 . Teaching biology in a wider context. The history of the discipline as a method: 1 . Journal of Biological Education , 22 ( 1 ) : 45 – 50 .
- Accessible sources about Harvey, his work and his times are as follows: Frank, R. G. (1980) Harvey and the Oxford physiologists, Berkeley: University of California Press; Keynes, G. (1978) The life of William Harvey, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Whitteridge, G. (1971) William Harvey and the circulation of the blood, London: Macdonald.
- Several collections of historical abstracts and reprints exist for different areas of science. The edited translation of Harvey which I use is in King, L. S. (1971) History of science readings: a history of medicine, London: Penguin.
- An excellent brief introduction, with plates, to the machine designs of the early seventeenth century can be found in Keller, A. G. (1964) A theatre of machines, London: Chapman and Hall. The rationalist Descartes was also unable to see the heart as a machine. He used the alchemical analogy of an alembic, seeing the heart as an intensely hot vessel into which liquid fell to be instantly vaporized and condensed in the arteries. Descartes, R. trans. Sutcliffe, F. E. (1968) Discourse on method, London: Penguin.
- Biographies, books, and papers about Pasteur are legion. For my purposes I have used the following sources: Nicolle, J. (1961) Louis Pasteur, London: Hutchinson; Reid, R. (1974) Microbes and men, London: BBC Publications; Vallery-Rodot, R. trans. Devonshire, R. L. (1902) The life of Pasteur, London: Constable; Farley, J. and Geison, G. L. (1974) Science, politics and spontaneous generation in nineteenth-century France. The Pasteur-Pouchet debate, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 48, 161-198.
- The literature on the discovery of insulin is voluminous. The best account of the events of 1921–23 is in Bliss, M. (1982) The discovery of insulin, Edinburgh: Paul Harris Publishing. General background is drawn from Medvei, V. C. (1982) A history of endocrinology, Lancaster: MTP Press.
- Scott , A. H. 1972 . Great Scott: Ernest Lyman Scott's work with insulin in 1911 , New Jersey : The Scott Publishing Co. .