The Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity: The Role of Market Imperfections

References

• Akresh, R. (2005). Understanding pareto inefficient intrahousehold allocations ( Discussion Paper No. 1858). IZA Bonn, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Alene, A. D., Manyong, V. M., Omanya, G. O., Mignouna, H. D., Bokanga, M., & Odhiambo, G. D. (2008). Economic efficiency and supply response of women as farm managers: Comparative evidence from Western Kenya. World Development, 36(7), 1247–1260. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.06.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, C. B. (1996). On price risk and the inverse farm size-productivity relationship. Journal of Development Economics, 51, 193–215. doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(96)00412-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, C. B., Sherlund, S. M., & Adesina, A. A. (2008). Shadow wages, allocative inefficiency, and labour supply in smallholder agriculture. Agricultural Economics, 38(1), 21–34. doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00278.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binswanger, H., & Rosenzweig, M. (eds). (1986). Contractual arrangements, employmentand wages in rural labour markets in Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blinder, A. (1973). Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural estimates. The Journal of Human Resources, 8, 436–455. doi:10.2307/144855
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinar, A., Karagiannis, G., & Tzouvelekas, V. (2007). Evaluating the impact of agricultural extension on farm’s performance in Crete: A nonneutral stochastic frontier approach. Agricultural Economics, 36(2), 135–146. doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00193.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doss, C. (2011). If women hold up half the sky, how much of the world’s food do they produce?( Economic Development Analysis Division (ESA) Working Paper 11.2, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Working Paper No. 11-02).
   Google Scholar
• Doss, C., Raney, T., Anriquez, G., Croppenstedt, A., Gerosa, S., Lowder, S. … Skoet, J. (2011). The role of women in agriculture ( Economic Development Analysis Division (ESA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Working Paper No. 11-02).
   Google Scholar
• Eswaran, M., & Kotwal, A. (1986). Access to capital and agrarian production organisation. The Economic Journal, 96, 482–498. doi:10.2307/2233128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO. (1984). Women in food production and food security in Africa. Rome, Italy: FAO.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. (1998). The state of food and agriculture: Rural non-farm income in developing Countries. Rome, Italy: FAO.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. (2011). The state of food and agriculture: Women in agriculture – closing the gender gap for development. Rome, Italy: FAO.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. (2011b). Gender inequalities in rural employment in Malawi, An overview. Rome, Italy: FAO.
   Google Scholar
• Firpo, S., Fortin, N. M., & Lemieux, T. (2009). Unconditional quantile regressions. Econometrica, 77(3), 953–973. doi:10.3982/ECTA6822
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortin, N., Lemieux, T., & Firpo, S. (2011). Decomposition methods in economics. In O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (Eds.) Handbook of labour economics Vol. 4, Part A (1–102). Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-Holland. doi:10.1016/S0169-7218(11)00407-2
   Google Scholar
• Fortin, N. M. (2006). Greed, altruism, and the gender wage gap. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Economics, University of British Columbia.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert, R. A., Sakala, W. D., & Benson, T. D. (2002). Gender analysis of a nationwide cropping system trial survey in Malawi. African Studies Quarterly, 6(1), 223–243.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, M., & Udry, C. (2008). The profits of power: Land rights and agricultural investment in Ghana. Journal of Political Economy, 116, 981–1022. doi:10.1086/595561
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griliches, Z. (1963). Estimates of the aggregate agricultural production function from cross-sectional data. Journal of Farm Economics, 45, 419–428. doi:10.2307/1235997
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haggblade, S., Hazell, P., & Reardon, T. (eds). (2007). Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hertz, T., Winters, P., De La O, A. P., Quinones, E. J., Azzari, C., Davis, B., & Zezza, A. (2009). “Wage inequality in international perspective: Effects of location, sector, and gender.” Paper presented at the FAO-IFAD-ILO Workshop on Gaps, trends and current research in gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment: differentiated pathways out of poverty Rome, 31 March - 2 April 2009, FAO, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Imbens, W. G., & Rubin, B. D. (2009). Causal inference in statistics, and in the social and biomedical sciences. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kilic, T., Palacios-Lopez, A., & Goldstein, M. (2015). “Caught in a productivity trap: a distributional perspective on gender differences in Malawian agriculture.” World Development, 70, pp. 416–463.
   Google Scholar
• Lanjouw, J., & Lanjouw, P. (2001). The rural nonfarm sector: Issues and evidence from developing Countries. Agricultural Economics, 26, 1–23. doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00051.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López, R. (1986). Structural models of the farm household that allow for interdependent utility and profit maximization decisions. In I. J. Singh, L. Squire, & J. Strauss (eds), Agricultural household models-extensions, applications and policy. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• López, R., & Romano, C. (2000). Rural poverty in Honduras: Asset distribution and liquidityconstraints. In R. López & A. Valdés (eds.), Rural poverty in Latin America: Analytics, new empirical evidence and policies. UK: MacMillan Press.
   Google Scholar
• López, R. E. (1984). Estimating labour supply and production decisions of self-employed farm producers. European Economic Review, 24, 61–82. doi:10.1016/0014-2921(84)90013-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moock, P. R. (1976). The efficiency of women as farm managers: Kenya. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 58, 831–835. doi:10.2307/1239979
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, K. M., & Topel, R. H. (1990). Efficiency wages reconsidered: Theory and evidence. In Y. Weiss & R. H. Topel (Eds.), Advances in the theory and measurement of unemployment (pp. 204–240). New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Neill, J. E., & O’Neill, D. M. (2006). What do wage differentials tell about labour market discrimination? In S. W. Polachek, C. Chiswick, & H. Rapoport (Eds.), The economics of immigration and social diversity (Research in labour economics series, Vol. 24, pp. 293–357). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labour markets. International Economic Review, 14, 693–709. doi:10.2307/2525981
   Google Scholar
• Oladeebo, J. O., & Fajuyigbe, A. A. (2007). Technical efficiency of men and women upland rice farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 22, 93–100.
   Google Scholar
• Peterman, A., Behrman, J., & Quisumbing, A. (2010). A review of Empirical Evidence on Gender Differences in nonland agricultural inputs, technology and services in developing countries. International Food Policy Research Institute Discussion Paper 001003. Washington, D.C.: IFPRI.
   Google Scholar
• Peterman, A., Quisumbing, A., Behrman, J., & Nkonya, E. (2011). Understanding the complexities surrounding gender differences in agricultural productivity in Nigeria and Uganda. Journal of Development Studies, 47, 1482–1509. doi:10.1080/00220388.2010.536222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quisumbing, A., Payongayong, E., Aidoo, J. B., & Otsuka, K. (2001). Women’s land rights in the transition to individualized ownership: Implications for tree-resource management in Western Ghana. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 50, 157–182. doi:10.1086/340011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito, K. A., Mekonnen, H., & Spurling, D. (1994). Raising the productivity of women farmers in sub-Saharan Africa ( Discussion Paper Series 230), Africa Technical Department, The World Bank. 10.1596/0-8213-2749-6
   Google Scholar
• Tiruneh, A., Testfaye, T., Mwangi, W., & Verkuijl, H. (2001). Gender differentials in agricultural production and decision-making among smallholders in Ada, Lume, and Gimbichu woredas of the central highlands of Ethiopia. Mexico, DF: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center .
   Google Scholar
• Udry, C. (1996). Gender, agricultural production, and the theory of the household. Journal of Political Economy, 104, 1010–1046. doi:10.1086/262050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa. Human Resources Development Division.UNECA. (1982). Women: The neglected human resource for African Development. Canadian Journal of African Studies, 6, 359–370.
   Google Scholar
• Vargas Hill, R., & Vigneri, M. (2014). Mainstreaming gender sensitivity in cash crop markets supply chains. In Gender in Agriculture, pp. 315–341. Springer Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Winters, P., Davis, B., Carletto, G., Covarrubias, K., Quiñones, E., Zezza, A. … Stamoulis, K. (2009). Assets, Activities and Rural Income Generation: Evidence from a Multicountry Analysis. World Development, 37, 1435–1452. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.01.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar