The Formal Divide: Customary Rights and the Allocation of Credit to Agriculture in Tanzania

References

• Askew, K., Maganga, F., & Odgaard, R. (2013). Of land and legitimacy: A tale of two lawsuits. Africa, 83(1), 120–141. doi:10.1017/S0001972012000745
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bank of Tanzania. (2012). Economics and operations report. Dar es Salaam: Bank of Tanzania.
   Google Scholar
• Barham, B. L., Boucher, S., & Carter, M. R. (1996). Credit constraints, credit unions and small-scale producers in Guatemala. World Development, 24(5), 793–806. doi:10.1016/0305-750X(96)00001-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjaminsen, T., & Bryceson, I. (2012). Conservation, green/blue grabbing and accumulation by dispossession in Tanzania. Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(2), 335–355. doi:10.1080/03066150.2012.667405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besley, T. (1995). Property rights and investment incentives: Theory and evidence from Ghana. Journal of Political Economy, 103(5), 903–937. doi:10.1086/262008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley, R. M., & Kalarickal, J. (2004, October). Shelter strategies for the urban poor: Idiosyncratic and successful, but hardly mysterious. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 3427. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Calderon, J. (2004). The formalisation of property in Peru 2001–2002: The case of lima. Habitat International, 28(2), 289–300. doi:10.1016/S0197-3975(03)00072-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Laiglesia, J. R. (2005). Investment and credit effects of land titling and registration: Evidence from Nicaragua. In Research Committee on Development Economics (Ed.), Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Verein für Socialpolitik. Kiel: Research Committee on Development Economics.
   Google Scholar
• De Soto, H. (2000). The mystery of capital. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Deininger, K. (2003). Land policies for growth and poverty reduction. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Fairley, E. (2012). Upholding customary land rights through formalisation: Evidence from Tanzania’s program of land reform. In World Bank (Ed.), Annual conference on land and poverty. Washington DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Feder, G., Onchan, T., Hongladarom, C., & Chalamwong, Y. (1988). Land policies and farm productivity in Thailand. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Fernqvist, K. (2012). Local Voices on Land Titling - Anticipated, Possible and Actual Benefits of Certificates of Customary Right of Occupancy in Babati District ( Tanzania Undergraduate Thesis). School of Life Science, Södertörn University
   Google Scholar
• Field, A. J., Field, E., & Torero, M. (2006). Property rights and crop choice in rural Peru, 1994-2004 (Vol. 100). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
   Google Scholar
• Field, E., & Torrero, M. (2006). Do property titles increase credit access among the urban poor? Evidence from a nationwide titling program. Retrieved from https://econ.duke.edu/uploads/media_items/fieldtorerocs.original.pdf
   Google Scholar
• The Guardian. (2013, March 15) Govt surveying country`s 12,000 villages—Prof Tibaijuka. Retrieved from http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/?l=52360
   Google Scholar
• Haidari, K. R., Amani, L., Msambichaka, A., Hedlund, S., & Lundahl., M. (1987). Agricultural credit in Tanzania: A peasant perspective. Savings and Development, 11(4), 379–401.
   Google Scholar
• Hayuma, M., & Conning, J. (2006, November). Tanzania land policy and genesis of land reform sub-component of private sector competitiveness project. In World Bank (Ed.), Land policies and legal empowerment of the poor. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, S., & Nelson, N. (1999). Urban poverty in Africa: From understanding to alleviation. Rugby, UK: Practical Action.
   Google Scholar
• Kijazi, A. J. H. (n.d.). National overview of protected areas in Tanzania and their tourism potetials [sic]. Retrieved from http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/docpdf/session1presentationmrallanjhkijazi.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Leonard, R., & Ayutthaya, N. (2003). Kingkorn Narintarakul: Thailand’s land titling program northern development foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Locke, A., Henley, G., & Nshala, R. (2014, February). A proposed land tenure support programme for Tanzania. Overseas Development Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Manji, A. (2010). Eliminating poverty? ‘Financial inclusion’, access to land, and gender equality in international development. The Modern Law Review, 73(6), 985–1004. doi:10.1111/mlr.2010.73.issue-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAuslan, P. (2006). Legal pluralism as a policy option: Is it desirable? Is it doable. Land Rights for African Development, Washington, DC: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. Retrieved from https://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/218/Legal_Pluralism.pdf?sequence=1
   Google Scholar
• Musembi, C. N. (2007). De Soto and land relations in rural Africa: Breathing life into dead theories about property rights. Third World Quarterly, 28(8), 1457–1478. doi:10.1080/01436590701637334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myenzi, Y. (2005). Implications of the recent land reforms in Tanzania on the land rights of small producers. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Land Rights Research and Resources Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Odgaard, R. (2003). Scrambling for land in Tanzania: Processes of formalisation and legitimisation of land rights. In T. Benjaminsen & C. Lund (Eds.), Securing land rights in Africa. London: Frank Cass.
   Google Scholar
• Place, F., & Migot-Adholla, S. E. (1998). The economic effects of land registration on smallholder farms in Kenya: Evidence from Nyeri and Kakamega districts. Land Economics, 74(3), 360–373. doi:10.2307/3147118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shearer, E. B., Lastarria-Cornhiel, S., & Mesbah, D. (1991,April). The reform of rural land markets in Latin America and the Caribbean: Research, theory, and policy implications. Land Tenure Center Paper, No. 141. Retrieved from http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/21901
   Google Scholar
• Shivji, I. (1998). Not yet democracy: Reforming land tenure in Tanzania. London: IIED.
   Google Scholar
• Shivji, I. (2006). Lawyers in neoliberalism. University of Dar es Salaam: University of Dar es Salaam Facuty of Law.
   Google Scholar
• Stiglitz, J. E. (1989). Financial markets and development. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 5(4), 55–68. doi:10.1093/oxrep/5.4.55
   Google Scholar
• Stiglitz, J. (1993). The role of the state in financial markets. In World Bank (Ed.), Proceedings of the World Bank annual conference on development economics, 1993. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• United Republic of Tanzania. (URT, 1999a.). The land act, no. 4. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• United Republic of Tanzania. (URT, 1999b.). The village Land act, no.5. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2005, November). Project appraisal document on a proposed credit in the amount of SDR 65.5 million (US$95 Million Equivalent) to the United Republic of Tanzania for a private sector competitiveness project. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2009). What is inclusive growth? Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDEBTDEPT/Resources/468980-1218567884549/WhatIsInclusiveGrow
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2015). Tanzania mainland poverty assessment. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar