Wealth Inequality, Educational Environment and School Enrolment: Evidence from Mexico

References

• Ai, C., & Norton, E. C. (2003). Interaction terms in logit and probit models. Economics Letters, 80(1), 123–129. doi:10.1016/S0165-1765(03)00032-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alcaraz, C., Chiquiar, D., & Salcedo, A. (2012). Remittances, schooling, and child labor in Mexico. Journal of Development Economics, 97(1), 156–165. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attanasio, O. P., Meghir, C., & Santiago, A. (2012). Education choices in Mexico: Using a structural model and a randomized experiment to evaluate PROGRESA. The Review of Economic Studies, 79(1), 37–66. doi:10.1093/restud/rdr015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basit, T. N. (2013). Educational capital as a catalyst for upward social mobility amongst British Asians: A three-generational analysis. British Educational Research Journal, 39(4), 714–732. doi:10.1080/01411926.2012.677414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu, K., & Van, P. H. (1998). The economics of child labor. American Economic Review, 88(3), 1386–1388. doi:10.1257/aer.89.5.1386
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhalotra, S. (2007). Is child work necessary? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 69(1), 29–55. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0084.2006.00435.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blossfeld, H.-P. (2009). Educational assortative marriage in comparative perspective. Annual Review of Sociology, 35(1), 513–530. doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobonis, G. J., & Finan, F. (2009). Neighborhood peer effects in secondary school enrollment decisions. Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(4), 695–716. doi:10.1162/rest.91.4.695
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bossert, W., D’Ambrosio, C., & Peragine, V. (2007). Deprivation and social exclusion. Economica, 74(296), 777–803. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0335.2006.00572.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, M. L., & Jenkins, S. P. (2016). Multilevel modelling of country effects: A cautionary tale. European Sociological Review, 32(1), 3–22. doi:10.1093/esr/jcv059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, A. C., Gelbach, J. B., & Miller, D. L. (2008). Bootstrap-based improvements for inference with clustered errors. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(3), 414–427. doi:10.1162/rest.90.3.414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, S. V., & Heckman, J. J. (2001). The dynamics of educational attainment for black, hispanic, and white males. The Journal of Political Economy, 109, 455–499. doi:10.1086/321014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Checchi, D. (2003). Inequality in incomes and access to education: A cross-country analysis (1960-95). Labour, 17(2), 153–201. doi:10.1111/1467-9914.00226
   Google Scholar
• Chiu, W. H. (1998). Income inequality, human capital accumulation and economic performance. The Economic Journal, 108(446), 44–59. doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONEVAL. (2013). CONEVAL. Retrieved from http://www.coneval.gob.mx/Medicion/Paginas/Cohesion%7B_%7DSocial.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Connelly, R., & Zheng, Z. (2003). Determinants of school enrollment and completion of 10 to 18 year olds in China. Economics of Education Review, 22(4), 379–388. doi:10.1016/S0272-7757(02)00058-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crane, J. (1991). The epidemic theory of Ghettos and neighborhood effects on dropping out and teenage childbearing. American Journal of Sociology, 96(5), 1226–1259. doi:10.1086/229654
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunha, F., & Heckman, J. (2007). The technology of skill formation. American Economic Review, 97(2), 31–47. doi:10.1257/aer.97.2.31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis-Kean, P. E. (2005). The influence of parent education and family income on child achievement: The indirect role of parental expectations and the home environment. Journal of Family Psychology : JFP : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 19(2), 294–304. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.19.2.294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Carvalho Filho, I. E. (2012). Household income as a determinant of child labor and school enrollment in Brazil : Evidence from a social security reform. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 60(2), 399–435. doi:10.1086/662576
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Rocha, M. G., & Latapí, A. E. (2016). Indigenous girls in rural Mexico: A success story? Girlhood Studies, 9(2), 65–81. doi:10.3167/ghs.2016.090206
   Google Scholar
• De Vries, R., Gosling, S., & Potter, J. (2011). Income inequality and personality: Are less equal U.S. states less agreeable? Social Science & Medicine, 72(12), 1978–1985. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.03.046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debowicz, D., & Golan, J. (2014). The impact of oportunidades on human capital and income distribution in Mexico: A top-down/bottom-up approach. Journal of Policy Modeling, 36(1), 24–42. doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.10.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dincer, O. C. (2011). Trust and schooling in the United States. Economics of Education Review, 30(5), 1097–1102. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2011.05.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dostie, B., & Jayaraman, R. R. (2006). Determinants of school enrollment in Indian villages. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 54(2), 405–421. doi:10.1086/497006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, A. C., & Ureta, M. (2003). International migration, remittances, and schooling: Evidence from El Salvador. Journal of Development Economics, 72(2), 429–461. doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(03)00115-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgar, F. J., & Aitken, N. (2011). Income inequality, trust and homicide in 33 countries. European Journal of Public Health, 21(2), 241–246. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckq068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epple, D., & Romano, R. E. (1996). Ends against the middle: Determining public service provision when there are private alternatives. Journal of Public Economics, 62(3), 297–325. doi:10.1016/0047-2727(95)01540-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filmer, D., & Pritchett, L. (1999). The effect of household wealth on educational attainment : Evidence from 35 countries. Population and Development Review, 25(1), 85–120. doi:10.1111/padr.1999.25.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galor, O., & Zeira, J. (1993). Income distribution and macroeconomics. The Review of Economic Studies, 60(1), 35–52. doi:10.2307/2297811
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Peñalosa, C. (1995). The paradox of education or the good side of inequality. Oxford Economic Papers, 47(2), 265–285. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a042170
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelman, A., & Hill, J. (2009). Data analysis. Using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gravelle, H., & Sutton, M. (2009). Income, relative income, and self-reported health in Britain 1979-2000. Health Economics, 18(2), 125–145. doi:10.1002/hec.1354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, W. (2010). Testing hypotheses about interaction terms in nonlinear models. Economics Letters, 107(2), 291–296. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2010.02.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grolnick, W. S., & Slowiaczek, M. L. (1994). Parents’ involvement in children’s schooling: A multidimensional conceptualization and motivational model. Child Development, 65(1), 237–252. doi:10.2307/1131378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumus, S. (2014). The effects of community factors on school participation in Turkey: A multilevel analysis. International Review of Education, 60(1), 79–98. doi:10.1007/s11159-014-9411-7
   Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez, C., & Tanaka, R. (2009). Inequality and education decisions in developing countries. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 7(1), 55–81. doi:10.1007/s10888-008-9095-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez, R. G., Carter, S., & Drukker, D. M. (2001). On boundary-value likelihood-ratio tests. In Stata technical bulletin reprints (10th ed.). College Stations, TX: Stata Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hackman, D. A., Farah, M. J., & Meaney, M. J. (2010). Socioeconomic status and the brain: Mechanistic insights from human and animal research. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(9), 651–659. doi:10.1038/nrn2897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halpern-Manners, A. (2011). The effect of family member migration on education and work among nonmigrant youth in Mexico. Demography, 48(1), 73–99. doi:10.1007/s13524-010-0010-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handa, S. (2002). Raising primary school enrolment in developing countries: The relative importance of supply and demand. Journal of Development Economics, 69(1), 103–128. doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00055-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornby, G., & Lafaele, R. (2011). Barriers to parental involvement in education: An explanatory model. Educational Review, 63(1), 37–52. doi:10.1080/00131911.2010.488049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iniguez-Montiel, A. J. (2014). Growth with equity for the development of Mexico: Poverty, inequality, and economic growth (1992–2008). World Development, 59, 313–326. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jencks, C., & Mayer, S. E. (1990). The social consequences of growing up in a poor neighborhood. In L. E. Lynn & M. G. H. McGeary (Eds.), Inner-city poverty in the United States (pp. 111–186). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kanbur, R., & Stiglitz, J. E. (2016). Dynastic inequality, mobility and equality of opportunity. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 14(4), 419–434. doi:10.1007/s10888-016-9328-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kass, R. E., & Raftery, A. E. (1995). Bayes Factors. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(430), 773–795. doi:10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney, M., & Levine, P. (2016). Income inequality, social mobility, and the decision to dropout of high school. Brookings Papers on Economic ACtivity, 2016, 333–396. doi:10.1353/eca.2016.0017
   Google Scholar
• Kling, J. R., Liebman, J. B., & Katz, L. F. (2007). Experimental analysis of neighborhood effects. Econometrica, 75(1), 83–119. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00733.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knack, S., & Keefer, P. (1997). Does social capital have an economic payoff? A cross-country investigation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(4), 1251–1288. doi:10.1162/003355300555475
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolenikov, S., & Angeles, G. (2009). Socioeconomic status measurement with discrete proxy variables: Is principal component analysis a reliable answer? Review of Income and Wealth, 55(1), 128–165. doi:10.1111/roiw.2009.55.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalive, R., & Cattaneo, M. A. (2009). Social interactions and schooling decisions. Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(3), 457–477. doi:10.1162/rest.91.3.457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincove, J. A. (2015). Improving identification of demand-side obstacles to schooling: findings from revealed and stated preference models in two SSA countries. World Development, 66, 69–83. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.07.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez Cordova, E. (2005). Globalization, migration, and development: The role of Mexican migrant remittances. Economía, 6(1), 217–256. doi:10.1353/eco.2006.0010
   Google Scholar
• Loughnan, S., Kuppens, P., Allik, J., Balazs, K., De Lemus, S., Dumont, K., … Haslam, N. (2011). Economic inequality is linked to biased self-perception. Psychological Science, 22(10), 1254–1258. doi:10.1177/0956797611417003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luttmer, E. F. P. (2005). Neighbors as negatives: Relative earnings and well-being. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(3), 963–1002. doi:10.1093/qje/120.3.963
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey, D. S., & Espinosa, K. E. (1997). What’s driving Mexico-U. S. migration? A theoretical, empirical, and policy analysis. American Journal of Sociology, 102(4), 939–999. doi:10.1086/231037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer, S. E. (2010). The relationship between income inequality and inequality in schooling. School Field, 8(1), 5–20.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer, S. E. S. E. E. (2001). How did the increase in economic inequality between 1970 and 1990 affect children’s educational attainment? American Journal of Sociology, 107(1), 1–32. doi:10.1086/323149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mckenzie, D., & Rapoport, H. (2011). Can migration reduce educational attainment? Evidence from Mexico. Journal of Population Economics, 24(4), 1331–1358. doi:10.1007/s00148-010-0316-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLoyd, V. C. (1990). The impact of economic hardship on black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Development, 61(2), 311–346. doi:10.2307/1131096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McWayne, C. M., & Melzi, G. (2014). Validation of a culture-contextualized measure of family engagement in the early learning of low-income Latino children. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(2), 260–266. doi:10.1037/a0036167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milanović, B. (2016). Global inequality : A new approach for the age of globalization. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moulton, B. R. (1986). Random group effects and the precision of regression estimates. Journal of Econometrics, 32(3), 385–397. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(86)90021-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulton, B. R. (1990). An illustration of a pitfall in estimating the effects of aggregate variables on micro units. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 72(2), 334–338. doi:10.2307/2109724
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neves, P. C., Afonso, Ó., & Silva, S. T. (2016). A meta-analytic reassessment of the effects of inequality on growth. World Development, 78, 386–400. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neville, L. (2012). Do economic equality and generalized trust inhibit academic dishonesty? Evidence from state-level search-engine queries. Psychological Science, 23(4), 339–345. doi:10.1177/0956797611435980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, H. S., & Svarer, M. (2009). Educational homogamy: How much is opportunities? J. Human Resources, 44(4), 1066–1086. Retrieved 27 July, 2017 from http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/44/4/1066.refs
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. (2016a). Inequality update 2016: Income inequality remains high in the face of weak recovery. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/social/OECD2016-Income-Inequality-Update.pdf
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2016b). OECD regions at a glance 2016. Author. doi:10.1787/reg_glance-2016-en
   Google Scholar
• Perotti, R. (1993). Political equilibrium, income distribution, and growth. The Review of Economic Studies, 60(4), 755–776. doi:10.2307/2298098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peugh, J. L. (2010). A practical guide to multilevel modeling. Journal of School Psychology, 48(1), 85–112. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2009.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piff, P. K. (2014). Wealth and the inflated self: Class, entitlement, and narcissism. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(1), 34–43. doi:10.1177/0146167213501699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piff, P. K., Stancato, D. M., Côté, S., Mendoza-Denton, R., & Keltner, D. (2012). Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(11), 4086–4091. doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the twenty-first century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Piketty, T. (2015). Putting distribution back at the center of economics: Reflections on capital in the twenty-first century. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(1), 67–88. doi:10.1257/jep.29.1.67
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, R. (2000). Analysis of child labour in Peru and Pakistan: A comparative study. Journal of Population Economics, 13(1), 3–19. doi:10.1007/s001480050119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, A. (1998). The value of education. Journal of the Philosophy of Education, 32(3), 319–331. doi:10.1111/1467-9752.00098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter, J. P., & Raghunathan, T. E. (2007). The multiple adaptations of multiple imputation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 102(480), 1462–1471. doi:10.1198/016214507000000932
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saez, E., & Zucman, G. (2016). Wealth inequality in the United States since 1913: Evidence from capitalized income tax data. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(2), 519–578. doi:10.1093/qje/qjw004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santibañez, L., Vernez, G., & Razquin, P. (2005). Education in Mexico challenges and opportunities. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Saraví, G., Abrantes, P., & Bertely-Busquets, M. (2014). Rights and indigenous adolescence in Mexico, new subjects, new dilemmas. The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 22(2), 313–338. doi:10.1163/15718182-02202004
   Google Scholar
• Scott, M. A., Simonoff, J. S., & Marx, B. D. (2013). The SAGE handbook of multilevel modeling ( M. A. Scott, J. S. Simonoff, & B. D. Marx, Eds., 1st ed.). London: SAGE publications.
   Google Scholar
• Sen, A. (1983). Poor, relatively speaking. Oxford Economic Papers, 35(2), 153–169. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041587
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEP. (2012). Encuesta Nacional de Deserción. Retrieved 27 July, 2017 from http://www.sems.gob.mx/work/models/sems/Resource/10787/1/images/Anexo_6Reporte_de_la_ENDEMS.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Stiglitz, J. E. (2012). The price of inequality: How today’s divided society endangers our future. New York: WW Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Strulik, H. (2013). School attendance and child labor-a model of collective behavior. Journal of the European Economic Association, 11(2), 246–277. doi:10.1111/jeea.12008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takata, T. (2003). Self-enhancement and self-criticism in Japanese culture: An experimental analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34(5), 542–551. doi:10.1177/0022022103256477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, R. (2003). Inequality as a determinant of child labor. Economics Letters, 80, 93–97. doi:10.1016/S0165-1765(03)00061-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topel, R. H. (1997). Factor proportions and relative wages: The supply-side determinants of wage inequality. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(2), 55–74. doi:10.1257/jep.11.2.55
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trautmann, S. T., Van de Kuilen, G., & Zeckhauser, R. J. (2013). Social class and (un)ethical behavior: A framework, with evidence from a large population sample. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(5), 487–497. doi:10.1177/1745691613491272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNESCO. (2007). Urban and rural disparities in Latin America: Their implications for education access. Buenos Aires: UNESCO Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Uslaner, E. M. (2005). Inequality, trust, and civic engagement. American Politics Research, 33(6), 868–894. doi:10.1177/1532673X04271903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine, N., Verdes-Tennant, E., & Bonsel, G. (2015). Health systems’ responsiveness and reporting behaviour: Multilevel analysis of the influence of individual-level factors in 64 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 138, 152–160. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vu, L. T. H., Le, L. C., & Muhajarine, N. (2013). Multilevel determinants of colleges/universities enrolment in Vietnam: Evidences from the 15% sample data of population census 2009. Social Indicators Research, 111(1), 375–386. doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0011-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welch, F. (1999). In defense of inequality. The American Economic Review, 89, 1–17. doi:10.1257/aer.89.2.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. E. (2010). The spirit level. Why equality is better for everyone. London: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Wooldridge, J. M. (2003). Cluster-sample methods in applied econometrics. The American Economic Review, 93(2), 133–138. doi:10.1257/000282803321946930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2012). World development report 2012: Gender equality and development. Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar