The roles of latent perfectionism classes in academicians’ tendencies toward workaholism, useless superiority effort and narcissism

References

• Adler, A. (1982). The fundamental views of individual psychology. Journal of Individual Psychology, 38(1), 3–6.
   Google Scholar
• Adler, A. (1996). The structure of neurosis. Individual Psychology, 52(4), 351–362. (Orijinal work published 1935).
   Google Scholar
• Akdoğan, R. (2012). Adleryen yaklaşıma dayalı grupla psikolojik danışmanın üniversite öğrencilerinin yetersizlik duygusu ve psikolojik belirti düzeylerine etkisi [The effect of Adlerian group counseling on inferiority feeling and psychological symptoms] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Anadolu University, Eskişehir.
   Google Scholar
• Akdoğan, R. (2017). A model proposal on the relationships between loneliness, insecure attachment, and inferiority feelings. Personality and Individual Differences, 111, 19–24. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akdoğan, R., & Ceyhan, E. (2014). Üniversite öğrencileri için Yetersizlik Duygusu Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri [Development of Inferiority Feeling Scale for üniversity students: Validity and reliability analysis]. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 5(41), 117–128.
   Google Scholar
• Akdoğan, R., & Çimşir, E. (2019). Linking inferiority feelings to subjective happiness: Self-concealment and loneliness as serial mediators. Personality and Individual Differences, 149, 14–20. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreassen, C. S. (2014). Workaholism: An overview and current status of the research. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(1), 1–11. doi:10.1556/JBA.2.2013.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreassen, C. S., Ursin, H., Eriksen, H. R., & Pallesen, S. (2012). The relationship of narcissism with workaholism, work engagement, and professional position. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 40(6), 881–890. doi:10.2224/sbp.2012.40.6.881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansbacher, H. L., & Ansbacher, R. R. (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler: A systematic presentation in selections from his writings (1st ed.). New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Ashby, J. S., & Kottman, T. (1996). Inferiority as a distinction between normal and neurotic perfectionism. Individual Psychology, 52(3), 237–245.
   Google Scholar
• Balducci, C., Alessandri, G., Zaniboni, S., Avanzi, L., Borgogni, L., & Fraccaroli, F. (2021). The impact of workaholism on day-level workload and emotional exhaustion, and on longer-term job performance. Work & Stress, 35(1), 6–21. doi:10.1080/02678373.2020.1735569
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartczak, M., & Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2012). Workaholism and mental health among Polish academic workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 18(1), 3–13. doi:10.1080/10803548.2012.11076910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer, G., Erickson, E., Whitaker, L., & Lyons, M. (2020). Dark Triad traits and perceived quality of alternative partners. Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109633. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109633
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer, G., Hunt, D., James, G., & Abell, L. (2015). Dark Triad traits, infidelity and romantic revenge. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 122–127. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brummelhuis, L., & Rothbard, N. P. (2018, March 22). How being a workaholic differs from working long hours – and why that matters for your health. https://hbr.org/2018/03/how-being-a-workaholic-differs-from-working-long-hours-and-why-that-matters-for-your-health.
   Google Scholar
• Brummelman, E., Thomaes, S., & Sedikides, C. (2016). Separating narcissism from self-esteem. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 25(1), 8–13. doi:10.1177/0963721415619737
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, W. K., Rudich, E. A., & Sedikides, C. (2002). Narcissism, self-esteem, and the positivity of self-views: Two portraits of self-love. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(3), 358–368. doi:10.1177/0146167202286007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, J. R., & Rice, K. G. (2003). Perfectionism and ethnicity: Implications for depressive symptoms and self-reported academic achievement. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9(1), 64–68. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.9.1.64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Çelik, B., & Ergün, E. (2016). An integrated approach of Erikson’s psychosocial theory and Adlerian counselling. The International Journal of Human and Behavioral Science, 2(1), 20–26. doi:10.19148/ijhbs.02348
   Google Scholar
• Cimsir, E. (2019). The roles of dispositional rumination, inferiority feelings and gender in interpersonal rumination experiences of college students. The Journal of General Psychology, 146 (3), 217–233. doi:10.1080/00221309.2018.1553844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, M. A., Michel, J. S., Zhdanova, L., Pui, S. Y., & Baltes, B. B. (2016). All work and no play? A meta-analytic examination of the correlates and outcomes of workaholism. Journal of Management, 42(7), 1836–1873. doi:10.1177/0149206314522301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, M.A., Lelchook, A.M., & Taylor, M.L. (2010). Beyond the Big Five: How narcissism, perfectionism, and dispositional affect relate to workaholism. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(7), 786–791. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comerchero, V., & Fortugno, D. (2013). Adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive perfectionism and statistics anxiety in graduate psychology students. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 12(1), 4–11. doi:10.2304/plat.2013.12.1.4
   Google Scholar
• Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24(4), 349–354. doi:10.1037/h0047358
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dattalo, P. (2008). Sample-size determination in quantitative social work research. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• DiBartolo, P. M., & Rendón, M. J. (2012). A critical examination of the construct of perfectionism and its relationship to mental health in Asian and African Americans using a cross-cultural framework. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(3), 139–152. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.09.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doğan, T., & Tel, F. D. (2011). Duwas İşkoliklik Ölçeği Türkçe formunun (DUWAS-TR) geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesi [Reliability and validity of the Turkish  version of the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS-TR)]. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 11(1), 61–69. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://toad.halileksi.net/sites/default/files/pdf/duwas-iskoliklik-olcegi-toad.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraboni, M., & Cooper, D. (1989). Further validation of three short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne scale of social desirability. Psychological Reports, 65(2), 595–600. doi:10.2466/pr0.1989.65.2.595
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., & Neubauer, A. L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), 119–126. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90181-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, R., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(5), 449–468. doi:10.1007/BF01172967
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gnilka, P. B., Broda, M. D., & Spit for Science Working Group. (2019). Multidimensional perfectionism, depression, and anxiety: Tests of a social support mediation model. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 295–300. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grijalva, E., & Newman, D. A. (2015). Narcissism and counterproductive work behavior (CWB): Meta-analysis and consideration of collectivist culture, big five personality and narcissism's facet structure. Applied Psychology, 64(1), 93–126. doi:10.1111/apps.12025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman, K. C., Trotter, R., Reinke, W. M., & Ialongo, N. (2011). Developmental origins of perfectionism among African American youth. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(3), 321–334. doi:10.1037/a0023108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(3), 456–470. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1990). Perfectionism and depression: A multidimensional analysis. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 423–438.
   Google Scholar
• Hirao, K. (2014). Comparison of feelings of inferiority among university students with autotelic, average, and nonautotelic personalities. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(9), 440–444. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.141627
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hogan, V., Hogan, M., & Hodgins, M. (2016). A study of workaholism in Irish academics. Occupational Medicine, 66(6), 460–465. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqw032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyatt, C. S., Sleep, C. E., Lamkin, J., Maples-Keller, J. L., Sedikides, C., Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (2018). Narcissism and self-esteem: A nomological network analysis. PLoS One, 13(8), e0201088. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janke, S., Daumiller, M., & Rudert, S. C. (2019). Dark pathways to achievement in science: Researchers’ achievement goals predict engagement in questionable research practices. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(6), 783–791. doi:10.1177/1948550618790227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jauk, E., & Sordia, N. (2018). On risks and side effects: Does creative accomplishment make us narcissistic? Creativity. Theories – Research – Applications, 5(2), 182–187. doi:10.1515/ctra-2018-0017
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, D. P., & Slaney, R. B. (1996). Perfectionism: Scale development and a study of perfectionistic clients in counseling. Journal of College Student Development, 37(1), 29–41.
   Google Scholar
• Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The dirty dozen: A concise measure of the dark triad. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 420–432. doi:10.1037/a0019265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28–41. doi:10.1177/1073191113514105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasemy, Z. A., Abd-Ellatif, E. E., Abdel Latif, A. A., Bahgat, N. M., Shereda, H. M. A., Shattla, S. I., … El Dalatony, M. M. (2020). Prevalence of workaholism among healthcare workers with assessment of its relation to quality of life, mental health and burnout. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 1–11. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.581373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krizan, Z., & Herlache, A. D. (2018). The narcissism spectrum model: A synthetic view of narcissistic personality. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22(1), 3–31. doi:10.1177/1088868316685018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamarche, V. M., & Seery, M. D. (2019). Come on, give it to me baby: Self-esteem, narcissism, and endorsing sexual coercion following social rejection. Personality and Individual Differences, 149, 315–325. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemaitre, B. (2017). Science, narcissism and the quest for visibility. The FEBS Journal, 284(6), 875–882. doi:10.1111/febs.14032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magidson, J., & Vermunt, J. K. (2002). Latent class models for clustering: A comparison with K-means. Canadian Journal of Marketing Research, 20, 36–43.
   Google Scholar
• Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Otgaar, H., & Meijer, E. (2017). The malevolent side of human nature: A meta-analysis and critical review of the literature on the dark triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(2), 183–204. doi:10.1177/1745691616666070
   Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén B. O. (1998–2012). Mplus user's guide statistical analysis with latent variables (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
   Google Scholar
• Nakano, K. (2009). Perfectionism, self-efficacy, and depression: Preliminary analysis of the Japanese version of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised. Psychological Reports, 104(3), 896–898. doi:10.2466/PR0.104.3.896-908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberst, U. E., & Stewart, A. E. (2003). Adlerian psychotherapy: An advanced approach to individual psychology. London: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Oflu, C., Baluku, M. M., & Otto, K. (2020). Career success in the University setting: Examining the role of narcissism facets. Current Psychology, 1–11. doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00614-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Reilly, C. A., III, & Doerr, B. (2020). Conceit and deceit: Lying, cheating, and stealing among grandiose narcissists. Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109627. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özsoy, E., Rauthmann, J. F., Jonason, P. K., & Ardıç, K. (2017). Reliability and validity of the Turkish versions of dark triad dirty dozen (DTDD-T). Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 11–14. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pychyl, T. A. (2010, March 20). The personality of the workaholic and the issue of "Self." Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/dont-delay/201003/the-personality-the-workaholic-and-the-issue-self.
   Google Scholar
• Ramaswamy, V., DeSarbo, W., Reibstein, D., & Robinson, W. (1993). An empirical pooling approach for estimating marketing mix elasticities with PIMS data. Marketing Science, 12(1), 103–124. doi:10.1287/mksc.12.1.103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 890–902. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, K. G., & Ashby, J. S. (2007). An efficient method for classifying perfectionists. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(1), 72–85. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.72
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, K. G., & Taber, Z. B. (2018). Perfectionism. In Handbook of giftedness in children (pp. 227–254). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Rice, K. G., Ashby, J. S., & Slaney, R. B. (1998). Self-esteem as a mediator between perfectionism and depression: A structural equations analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(3), 304–314. ‐0167.45.3.304 doi:10.1037/0022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, K. G., Richardson, C. M. E., & Tueller, S. (2014). The short form of the revised almost perfect scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96(3), 368–379. doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.838172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, K. G., Richardson, C. M., & Ray, M. E. (2016). Perfectionism in academic settings. In Perfectionism, health, and well-being (pp. 245–264). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, B. E. (1999). The work addiction risk test: Development of a tentative measure of workaholism. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88(1), 199–210. doi:10.2466/pms.1999.88.1.199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronningstam, R. (2011). Narcissistic personality disorder in DSM-V-in support of retaining a significant diagnosis. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25(2), 248–259. doi:10.1521/pedi.2011.25.2.248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salanova, M., Lopez-Gonzalez, A.A., Llorens, S., del Libano, M., Vicente-Herrero, M.T., & Tomas-Salva, M. (2016). Your work may be killing you! Workaholism, sleep problems and cardiovascular risk. Work & Stress, 30(3), 228–242. doi:10.1080/02678373.2016.1203373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, J. R. A. (1999). Cronbach’s alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales. Journal of Extension, 37(2), 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W.B., Taris, T.W., & Bakker, A. (2006). Dr Jekyll or Mr Hide? On the differences between work engagement and workaholism. In R. Burke (Ed.), Research companion to working time and work addiction (pp. 193–217). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Slaney, R. B., Pincus, A. L., Uliaszek, A. A., & Wang, K. T. (2006). Conceptions of perfectionism and interpersonal problems: Evaluating groups using the structural summary method for circumplex data. Assessment, 13(2), 138–153. doi:10.1177/1073191105284878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J., & Ashby, J. S. (2001). The revised Almost Perfect Scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34(3), 130–145. doi:10.1080/07481756.2002.12069030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorkkila, M., & Aunola, K. (2020). Risk factors for parental burnout among Finnish parents: The role of socially prescribed perfectionism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(3), 648–659. doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01607-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence, J. T., & Robbins, A. S. (1992). Workaholism: Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58(1), 160–178. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5801_15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoeber, J. (2018). The psychology of perfectionism: Critical issues, open questions, and future directions. In J. Stoeber (Ed.), The psychology of perfectionism: Theory, research, applications (pp. 333–352). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Stoeber, J., Davis, C. R., & Townley, J. (2013). Perfectionism and workaholism in employees: The role of work motivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(7), 733–738. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strano, D. A., & Petrocelli, J. V. (2005). A preliminary examination of the role of inferiority feelings in the academic achievement of college  students. Journal of Individual Psychology, 61, 80–89. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from http://petrocjv.sites.wfu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Strano-Petrocelli-2005.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Stricker, J., Buecker, S., Schneider, M., & Preckel, F. (2019). Multidimensional perfectionism and the big five personality traits: A meta–analysis. European Journal of Personality, 33(2), 176–196. doi:10.1002/per.2186
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, E. A., Huml, M. R., & Dixon, M. A. (2019). Workaholism in sport: A mediated model of work–family conflict and burnout. Journal of Sport Management, 33(4), 249–260. doi:10.1123/jsm.2018-0248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torp, S., Lysfjord, L., & Midje, H.H. (2018). Workaholism and work–family conflict among university academics. Higher Education, 76(6), 1071–1090. doi:10.1007/s10734-018-0247-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tueller, S. J., & Lubke, G. H. (2010). Evaluation of structural equation mixture models parameter estimates and correct class assignment. Structural Equation Modeling : A Multidisciplinary Journal, 17(2), 165–192. doi:10.1080/10705511003659318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkish Statistical Institute. (n.d). Adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sistemi sonuçları [Address based population registration system results]. https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=3992&tb_id=2.
   Google Scholar
• Tziner, A., & Tanami, M. (2013). Examining the links between attachment, perfectionism, and job motivation potential with job engagement and workaholism. Revista de Psicología Del Trabajo y de Las Organizaciones, 29(2), 65–74. doi:10.5093/tr2013a10
   Google Scholar
• Ulu, İ. P. (2007). An investigation of adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism in relation to adult attachment and Big Five personality traits (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
   Google Scholar
• Ulu, I. P., & Tezer, E. (2010). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, adult attachment, and big five personality traits. The Journal of Psychology, 144(4), 327–340. doi:10.1080/00223981003784032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulu, P. İ., Tezer, E., & Slaney, R. B. (2012). Investigation of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism with Turkish Almost Perfect Scale-Revised. Psychological Reports, 110(3), 1007–1020. doi:10.2466/09.02.20.PR0.110.3.1007-1020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ural, T., & Özbirecikli, M. (2006). Is ethical judgment influenced by social desirability in responding? An analyze on Turkish accountants. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü  Dergisi, 15, 393–410. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/50280
   Google Scholar
• Wang, K. T., Sheveleva, M. S., & Permyakova, T. M. (2019). Imposter syndrome among Russian students: The link between perfectionism and psychological distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 143, 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, K. T., Yuen, M., & Slaney, R. B. (2009). Perfectionism, depression, loneliness, and life satisfaction: A study of high school students in Hong Kong. The Counseling Psychologist, 37(2), 249–274. doi:10.1177/0011000008315975
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar