Empathy and Autobiographical Memory: Are They Linked?

REFERENCES

• Aiken, L.S., & West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Albiero, P., Ingoglia, S., & Lo Coco, A. (2006). Contributo all’adattamento italiano dell’Interpersonal Reactivity Index [A contribution to the Italian validation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index]. Testing Psicometria Metodologia, 13, 107–125.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, J.P., Porter, M.R., McFarland, F.C., Marsh, P., & McElhaney, K.B. (2005). The two faces of adolescents’ success with peers: Adolescent popularity, social adaptation, and deviant behavior. Child Development, 76, 747–760. PMID:15892790, doi:10.1111/j.1467–8624.2005.00875.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barber, B.K., Stolz, H.E., & Olsen, J.A. (2005). Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, method, and culture. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 70, 1–137. PMID:16359423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 163–175. doi:10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00, PMID:15162935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry, C.M., Madsen, S.D., Nelson, L.J., Carroll, J.S., & Badger, S. (2009). Friendship and romantic relationship qualities in emerging adulthood: Differential associations with identity development and achieved adulthood criteria. Journal of Adult Development, 16, 209–222. doi:10.1007/s10804-009-9067-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, P., Stennes, L., & Haight, J. (2003). Representation of the inner self in autobiography: Women's and men's use of internal states language in personal narratives. Memory, 11, 27–42. doi:10.1080/741938176, PMID:12653487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, S.R. (2003). Sex composition, masculinity stereotype dissimilarity and the quality of men's workplace social relations. Gender Work and Organization, 10, 579–604. doi:10.1111/1468-0432.00212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloise, S.M., & Johnson, M.K. (2007). Memory for emotional and neutral information: gender and individual differences in emotional sensitivity. Memory, 15(2), 192–204. doi:10.1080/09658210701204456, PMID:17534112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluck, S., & Alea, N. (2009). Thinking and talking about the past: Why remember? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23, 1089–1104. doi:10.1002/acp.1612
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluck, S., Baron, J.M., Ainsworth, S.A., Gesselman, A.N., & Gold, K.L. (2013). Eliciting empathy for adults in chronic pain through autobiographical memory sharing. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27, 81–90 . doi:10.1002/acp.2875
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohanek, J.G., Marin, K.A., Fivush, R., & Duke, M.P. (2006). Family narrative interaction and children's sense of self. Family Process, 45, 39–54. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2006.00079.x, PMID:16615252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonino, S., Lo Coco, A., & Tani, F. (1998). Empatia: I processi di condivisione delle emozioni [Empathy: The processes of sharing emotions]. Florence, Italy: Giunti Gruppo Editoriale.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, B.B., & Klute, C. (2003). Friendships, cliques, and crows. In G.R. Adam & M.D. Berzonsky (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of adolescence. Blackwell handbooks of developmental psychology (pp. 330–348). Malden, England: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Buckner, J.P., & Fivush, R. (2000). Gendered themes in reminiscing. Memory, 8, 401–412. doi:10.1080/09658210050156859, PMID:11145071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camarena, P.M., Sarigiani, P.A., & Petersen, A.C. (1990). Gender-specific pathways to intimacy in early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 19, 19–32. doi:10.1007/BF01539442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, J.M., & Chiew, K.Y. (2006). Sex and discipline differences in empathising, systemising and autistic symptomatology: Evidence from a student population. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 949–957. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0127-9, PMID:16897399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connellan, J., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Batki, A., & Ahluwalia, J. (2000). Sex differences in human neonatal social perception. Infant Behavior and Development, 23, 113–118. doi:10.1016/S0163-6383(00)00032-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, M.A. (2005). Memory and the self. Journal of Memory and Language, 53, 594–628. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2005.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, M.A., & Holmes, A. (2004). Psychosocial stages and the accessibility of autobiographical memories across the life cycle. Journal of Personality, 72, 461–480. doi:10.1111/j.0022–3506.2004.00269.x, PMID:15102035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, M.A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C.W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 250–277.
   Google Scholar
• Conway, M.A., & Rubin, D.C. (1993). The structure of autobiographical memory. In A.E. Collins, S.E. Gathercole, M.A. Conway, & P.E. M. Morris (Eds.), Theories of memory (pp. 103–137). Hove, England: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Cui, M., Conger, R.D., Bryant, C.M., & Elder, G.H. (2002). Parental behavior and the quality of adolescent friendships: A social-contextual perspective. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 64, 676–689. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00676.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidov, M., & Grusec, J.E. (2006). Untangling the links of parental responsiveness to distress and warmth to child outcomes. Child Development, 77, 44–58. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00855.x, PMID:16460524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, M.H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, M.H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidisciplinary approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113–126. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, M.H. (1996). Empathy: A social psychological approach. Madison, WI : Brown and Benchmark.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, P.J. (1999). Gender differences in autobiographical memory for childhood emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 498–510. doi:10.1037/0022–3514.76.3.498, PMID:10101879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Wied, M., Branje, S., & Meeus, W. (2007). Empathy and conflict resolution in friendship relations among adolescents. Aggressive Behavior, 33, 48–55. doi:10.1002/ab.20166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decety, J., & Jackson, P.L. (2004). The functional architecture of human empathy. Behavioral Cognitive Neurosciences, 3, 71–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Decety, J., & Lamm, C. (2009). Empathy versus personal distress: Recent evidence from social neuroscience. In J. Decety & W. Ickes (Eds.), The social neuroscience of empathy (pp. 199–213). Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eagly, A.H., & Koenig, A.M. (2006). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: Implication for prosocial behavior. In K. Dindia & D.J. Canary (Eds.), Sex differences and similarities in communication (2nd ed., pp. 161–194). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R.A. (1998). Prosocial development. In D. Damon & R.L. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook on child psychology, vol. III. (pp. 701–778). New York, NY : Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Erwin, P. (1993). Friendship and peer relations in children. West Sussex, England: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• EUROSTAT. (2009). Youth in Europe a statistical portrait. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2785/34663, Cat. No. KS-78-09-920-EN-C
   Google Scholar
• Fivush, R., Berlin, L., Sales, J.M., Mennuti-Washburn, J., & Cassidy, J. (2003). Functions of parent–child reminiscing about emotionally negative events. Memory, 11, 179–192. doi:10.1080/741938209, PMID:12820830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fivush, R., Haden, C.A., & Reese, E. (2006). Elaborating on elaborations: Role of maternal reminiscing style in cognitive and socioemotional development. Child Development, 77, 1568–1588. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00960.x, PMID:17107447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, M., Gibbs, M., & Auerbach, D. (2006). Age and gender dimensions of friendship. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 9, 4. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1985.tb00898.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garton, A.F., & Gringart, E. (2005). Brief report: The development of a scale to measuring empathy in 8- and 9-year-old children. Australian Journal of Education and Developmental Psychology, 5, 17–25.
   Google Scholar
• Gault, B.A., & Sabini, J. (2000). The roles of empathy, anger, and gender in predicting attitudes toward punitive, reparative, and preventative public policies. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 495–520. doi:10.1080/026999300402772.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Giordano, P. (2003). Relationships in adolescence. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 257–281. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goss, S. (2006, January 1). The influence of friendship quality and commitment on the empathy-forgiveness relationship in children and adolescents. ETD Collection for the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Paper AAI3225993. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations/AAI3225993
   Google Scholar
• Guarnieri, S., & Tani, F. (2011). Reti sociali e soddisfazione di vita durante l’emerging adulthood [Social networks and life satisfaction across the emerging adulthood]. Giornale di Psicologia dello Sviluppo, 99, 34–52.
   Google Scholar
• Habermas, T., & Bluck, S. (2000). Getting a life: The emergence of the life story in adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 748–769. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.748, PMID:10989622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, R.J., Hoekstra, S.J., Sanborn, F.W., Scott, C.L., Dodds, L.A., & Brandenberg, J.D. (2004). Autobiographical memories for seeing romantic movies on a date: Romance is not just for women. Media Psychology, 6, 257–284. doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0603_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J.T., & Rapson, R.L. (1994). Emotional contagion. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. PMCID:308358
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, M.L. (1977). Sex differences in empathy and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 712–722. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.84.4.712, PMID:897032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, H.D. (2004). Gender, grade, and relationship differences in emotional closeness within adolescent friendships. Adolescence, 39(154), 244–254.
   Google Scholar
• Karniol, R., Gabay, R., Ochio, Y., & Harari, Y. (1998). Is gender or gender role orientation a better predictor of empathy in adolescence? Sex Roles, 39, 45–59. doi:10.1023/A:1018825732154
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, K.J. K., & Hodges, S.D. (2001). Gender differences, motivation, and empathic accuracy: When it pays to understand. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 720–730. doi:10.1177/0146167201276007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochanska, G. (2002). Mutually responsive orientation between mothers and their young children: A context for the early development of conscience. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 191–195. doi:10.1111/1467–8721.00198
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuebli, J., Butler, S., & Fivush, R. (1995). Mother-child talk about past emotions: Relations of maternal language and child gender over time. Cognition and Emotion, 9, 265–283. doi:10.1080/02699939508409011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laible, D.J., Carlo, G., & Roesch, S.C. (2004). Pathways to self-esteem in late adolescence: The role of parent and peer attachment, empathy, and social behaviours. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 703–716. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.05.005, PMID:15561312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutchmaya, S., Baron-Cohen, S., & Raggatt, P. (2002). Fetal testosterone and eye contact in 12 month old infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 25, 327–335. doi:10.1016/S0163-6383(02)00094-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macaskill, A., Maltby, J., & Day, L. (2002). Forgiveness of self and others and emotional empathy. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142, 663–665. doi:10.1080/00224540209603925, PMID:12236474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maccoby, E. (1998). The two sexes: Growing up apart, coming together. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald, S., Uesiliana, K., & Hayne, H. (2000). Cross-cultural and gender differences in childhood amnesia. Memory, 8, 365–376. doi:10.1080/09658210050156822, PMID:11145068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markiewicz, D., Devine, I., & Kausilas, D. (2000). Friendships of women and men at work: Job satisfaction and resource implications Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15, 161–184. doi:10.1108/02683940010310346
   Google Scholar
• McAdams, D.P. (2006). The redemptive self: Stories Americans live by. New York, NY : Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176933.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• McCabe, A., Peterson, C., & Connors, D.M. (2006). Attachment security and narrative elaboration. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 30(5), 8–19. doi:10.1177/0165025406071488
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mestre, M.V., Samper, P., Frias, M.D., & Tur, A.M. (2009). Are women more empathetic than men? A longitudinal study in adolescence. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12, 76–83. doi:10.1017/S1138741600001499, PMID:19476221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nation's Report Card. (2011). NAEP writing assessment. Retrieved from http://nationsreportcard.gov/writing_2011
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, K., & Fivush, R. (2004), The emergence of autobiographical memory: A social cultural developmental theory. Psychological Review, 111, 486–511. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.111.2.486, PMID:15065919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newcombe, R., & Reese, E. (2004). Evaluations and orientations in mother-child narratives as a function of attachment security: A longitudinal investigation. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 230–245. doi:10.1080/01650250344000460
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, C., Bonechi, A., Smorti, A., & Tani, F. (2009). A distant mirror: memories of parents and friends across childhood and adolescence. British Journal of Psychology, 30, 1–21. doi:10.1348/000712609×478835
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, C., & McCabe, A. (2004). Echoing our parents: Parental influences on children's narration. In M.W. Pratt & B.E. Fiese (Eds.), Family stories and the life-course: Across time and generations (pp. 27–54). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum. PMID:14693410
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, C., & Nguyen, D.T. K. (2010). Parent-child relationship quality and infantile amnesia in adults. British Journal of Psychology, 101, 719–737. doi:10.1348/000712609×482948, PMID:20100396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, C., Noel, M., Kippenhuck, L., Harmundal, L., & Vincent, C. (2008). Early memories of children and adults: Implications for infantile amnesia. Cognitive Sciences, 4, 65–90.
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, C., Warren, K.L., Nguyen, D.T., & Noel, M. (2010). Infantile amnesia and gender: Does the way we measure it matter? Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 1767–1771. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.397
   Google Scholar
• Pillemer, D.B., Wink, P., DiDonato, T.E., & Sanborn, R.L. (2003). Gender differences in Autobiographical memory styles of older adults. Memory, 11, 525–532. doi:10.1080/09658210244000117, PMID:14982120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohl, R.F., Bender, M., & Lachmann, G. (2005). Autobiographical memory and social skills of men and women. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19, 745–759. doi:10.1002/acp.1104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, B.H., Fonzi, A., Tani, F., & Tomada, G. (1997). A cross-cultural exploration of the stability of children's friendships and the predictors of their continuation. Social Development, 6, 322–339. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.1997.tb00109.x
   Google Scholar
• Smorti, A., McKough, A., Ciucci, E., Pyryt, M., Wilson, N., Sanderson, A., & Fung, T. (2007). What shapes narrative thought? Effects of story type and culture. Narrative Inquiry, 17, 329–347.
   Google Scholar
• Soenens, B., Duriez, B., Vansteenkiste, M., & Goossens, L. (2007). The intergenerational transmission of empathy-related responding in adolescence: the role of maternal support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 299–311. doi:10.1177/0146167206296300, PMID:17312313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tani, F. (2000). Avere amici nell’adolescenza: un’indagine sulle differenze individuali [Having friends during adolescence: a investigation on individual differences]. Età Evolutiva, 65, 82–89.
   Google Scholar
• Tani, F., Bonechi, A., Peterson, C., & Smorti, A. (2010). Parental influences on memories of parents and friends. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 171, 300–329. doi:10.1080/00221325.2010.503976, PMID:21171547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tani, F., Guarnieri, S., & Bonechi, A. (2008). Amicizia e inimicizia nell’infanzia e nell’adolescenza: le caratteristiche di personalità alla base della scelta reciproca [Friendship and Ostility in childhood and adolescence: how personality characteristics influence reciprocal choices]. Rassegna di Psicologia, 25, 85–104.
   Google Scholar
• Tice, D.M., Bratslavsky, E., & Baumeister, R.F. (2001). Emotional distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control: If you feel bad, do it! Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 53–67. doi:10.1037/0022–3514.80.1.53, PMID:11195891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood, B.J. (1975). Individual differences as a crucible in theory construction. American Psychologist, 30, 128–134. doi:10.1037/h0076759
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verkuyten, M. (1996). Culture and gender differences in the perception of friendship by adolescents. International Journal of Psychology, 31, 207–217. doi:10.1080/002075996401089
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel, E.K., & Awh, E. (2008). How to exploit diversity for scientific gain using individual differences to constrain cognitive theory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 171–176. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00569.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Q., Conway, M.A., & Hou, Y. (2004). Infantile amnesia: A cross-cultural investigation. Cognitive Sciences, 1, 123–135.
   Google Scholar
• Way, N., & Greene, M.L. (2006). Trajectories of perceived friendship quality during adolescence: The patterns and contextual predictors. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 293–320. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00133.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Q., Eisenberg, N., Losoya, S.H., Fabes, R.A., Reiser, M., Guthrie, I.K., … Shepard, S.A. (2002). The relations of parental warmth and positive expressiveness to children's empathy-related responding and social functioning: a longitudinal study. Child Development, 73, 893–915. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00446, PMID:12038559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar