How Students Coped with the War

References

• American University of Beirut (1990). Catalogue, AUB.
   Google Scholar
• Bashshur, M. A. (1977). Republic of Lebanon. The International encyclopedia of higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Belenky, G. L. (1987). Varieties of reaction and adaptation to combat experience. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 51, 65–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom, B., & Haisema, J. (1983). Survival in extreme conditions. Suicide and life-threatening behavior, 13, 195–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day, R. C., & Sadek, S. N. (1982). The effect of Benson's relaxation response on the anxiety levels of Lebanese children under stress. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 34, 350–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimsdale, J. E. (1978). Coping—every man's war. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 32, 402–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunker-Schetter, C., & Lobel, M. (1990). Stress among students. In H. L. Pruett & V. B. Brown (Eds.), Crisis intervention and prevention. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, T. L. (1989). From Beirut to Jerusalem. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux.
   Google Scholar
• Harel, Z., Kahana, B., & Kanana, E. (1988). Psychological well-being among Holocaust survivors and immigrants in Israel. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 1, 413–429.
   Google Scholar
• Hayman, P. M., Sommers-Flanagan, R., & Parsons, J. P. (1987). Aftermath of violence: Posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65, 363–365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E., London, P., & Orr, E. (1988). Mastery, intimacy, and stress resistance during war. Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 317–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The impact of war on the mental health of the Lebanese (1983). Unpublished Report with Recommendations from the Symposium. (Available through the American University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon).
   Google Scholar
• Janoff-Bulman, R., & Timdo, C. (1987). Coping with traumatic events: The role of denial in light of people's assumptive worlds. In C. R. Snyder & C. E. Ford (Eds.), Coping with negative life events. New York: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jarrar, S. A., Mikati, J. F., & Massialas, B. G. (1988). Lebanon. In G. T. Kurian (Ed.), World education encyclopedia. New York: Facts of Life Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Kaffmann, M. (1977). Kibbutz civilian population under war stress. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 489–494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keane, T. M. (1985). Defining traumatic stress: Some comments on the current terminological confusion. Behavior Therapy, 15, 419–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalaf, S. (1988). Lebanon's predicament. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Krayem, H. H. (1989). The Civil War and the structural crisis of the Lebanese system. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California.
   Google Scholar
• Kulka, R. A., Schlenger, W. E., Fairbank, J. A., Hough, R. L., Jordan, B. K., Marmar, C. R., & Weiss, D. S. (1990). Trauma and the Vietnam war generation. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S. (1982). The psychology of stress and coping with particular reference to Israel. The Series in Clinical Psychology, 8, 23–36.
   Google Scholar
• Macksoud, M. S., & Aber, J. L. (1996). The war experience and psychosocial development of children in Lebanon. Child Development, 67, 70–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moracco, J. (1983). Some correlates of the Arab character. Psychology, A Quarterly Journal of Human Behavior, 20, 47–54.
   Google Scholar
• Nasr, S., Racy, J., & Flaherty, J. A. (1983). Psychiatric effects of the civil war in Lebanon. The Psychiatric Journal of (he University of Ottawa, 8, 208–212.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oweini, A. (1994). Understanding students' coping mechanisms in response to prolonged hostilities: The case of students at the American University of Beirut in the Lebanese war, 1975–1991. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Teachers College, Columbia University.
   Google Scholar
• Patai, R. (1973). The Arab mind. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Pattison, E. M. (1984). War and mental health in Lebanon. Journal of Operational Psychiatry, 15, 31–38.
   Google Scholar
• Punamäki, R.-L. (1986). Stress among Palestinian women under military occupation: Women's appraisal of stressors, their coping modes, and their mental health. International Journal of Psychology, 21, 445–462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachman, S. J. (1990). Fear and courage. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
   Google Scholar
• Saab, S. R. (1991). The effects of war on Lebanese children. Unpublished master's thesis, University of London.
   Google Scholar
• Saigh, P. A. (1984). Pre- and postinvasion anxiety in Lebanon. Behavior Therapy, 15, 185–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saigh, P. A. (1985). Adolescent anxiety following varying degrees of war stress in Lebanon. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 14, 210–215.
   Google Scholar
• Saigh, P. A. (1988). Anxiety, depression, and assertion across alternating intervals of stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 338–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh, M. A. (1986). Cultural perspectives: Implications for counselling in the Arab world. School Psychology International, 7, 71–75.
   Google Scholar
• Sigal, J. J., Weinfeld, M., & Eaton, W. W. (1985). Stability of coping style 33 years after prolonged exposure to extreme stress. Acta Psychiatra Scandinavia, 71, 559–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slaby, A. E. (1989). Aftershock: Surviving the delayed effects of trauma, crisis, and loss. New York: Villard Books.
   Google Scholar
• Solomon, Z., Mikulincer, M., & Flum, H. (1988). Negative life events, coping responses, and combat-related psychopathology: A prospective study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 302–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vingerhoets, A. (1985). Psychological stress: An experimental approach. Lisse, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
   Google Scholar
• Zwi, A., & Ugalde, A. (1989). Towards an epidemiology of political violence in the Third World. Social Sciences and Medicine, 28, 633–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar