423
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Exploring How Faculty Apply Professional Legitimacy When Advising Students About Graduate Education

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 896-920 | Received 29 Sep 2021, Accepted 19 Jan 2023, Published online: 01 Feb 2023

References

  • Aikens, M., Robertson, M., Sadselia, S., Watkins, K., Evans, M., Runyon, C., & Dolan, E. L. (2017). Race and gender differences in undergraduate research mentoring structures and research outcomes. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 16(2), ar34. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-07-0211
  • Appleby, D., & Appleby, K. (2006). Kisses of death in the graduate school application process. Teaching of Psychology, 33(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.24839/1092-0803.eye11.3.20
  • Armstrong, E. A., & Hamilton, L. T. (2013). Paying for the party: How college maintains inequality. Harvard University Press.
  • Austin, A. (2002). Preparing the next generation of faculty: Graduate school as socialization to the academic career. Journal of Higher Education, 73, 95–122. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.2002.0001
  • Barnes, B., & Austin, A. (2009). The role of doctoral advisors: A look at advising from the advisor’s perspective. Innovative Higher Education, 33(5), 297–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-008-9084-x
  • Baum, S., & Steele, P. (2017). The price of graduate professional school: How much students pay. Access Lex Institute. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/91016/price_of_grad_professional_school_2.pdf?mod=article_inline#:~:text=Average%20published%20tuition%20and%20fees,over%20the%20next%20five%20years
  • Bieber, J., & Worley, L. (2006). Conceptualizing the academic life: Graduate students’ perspectives. The Journal of Higher Education, 77(6), 1009–1035. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2006.11778954
  • Blalock, A. E. (2019). The role of accreditation in establishing academic legitimacy in graduate level non-profit management education. Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education, 11(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/SGPE-04-2019-0044
  • Blalock, A. E., & Leal, D. R. (2022). Redressing injustices: How women students enact agency in undergraduate medical education. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-022-10183-x
  • Blockett, R., Felder, P., Parrish, W., & Collier, J. (2016). Pathways to the professoriate: AnExploring Black doctoral student socialization and the pipeline to the academic profession. Western Journal of Black Studies, 40(2), 95–110. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2049976526?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
  • Burmeister, J., Kiefner, A., Carels, R., & Musher‐Eizenman, D. (2013). Weight bias in graduate school admissions. Obesity, 21(5), 918–920. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20171
  • Burris, V. (2004). The academic caste system: Prestige hierarchies in PhD exchange networks. American Sociological Review, 69(2), 239–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240406900205
  • Castillo-Montoya, M. (2016). Preparing for interview research: The interview protocol refinement framework. Qualitative Report, 21(5). https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2016.2337
  • Chari, D., & Potvin, G. (2019). Understanding the importance of graduate admissions criteria according to prospective graduate students. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 15(2), 023101. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.15.023101
  • Davis, D. (2010). The academic influence of mentoring upon African American undergraduate aspirants to the professoriate. The Urban Review, 42(2), 143–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-009-0122-5
  • Deephouse, D., & Suchman, M. (2008). Legitimacy in organizational institutionalism. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism (pp. 49–77). Sage.
  • Eagan, M., Hurtado, S., Chang, M., Garcia, G., Herrera, F., & Garibay, J. (2013). Making a difference in science education. American Educational Research Journal, 50(4), 683–713. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831213482038
  • Eddy, P. L., & Hart, J. (2012). Faculty in the hinterlands: Cultural anticipation and cultural reality. Higher Education, 63(6), 751–769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-011-9475-2
  • Gardner, S. (2007). “I heard it through the grapevine”: Doctoral student socialization in chemistry and history. Higher Education, 54(5), 723–740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-006-9020-x
  • Gardner, S. K. (2008). Fitting the mold of graduate school: A qualitative study of socialization in doctoral education. Innovative Higher Education, 33(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-008-9068-x
  • Gardner, S. K. (2009). Student and faculty attributions of attrition in high and low-completing doctoral programs in the United States. Higher Education, 58(1), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-008-9184-7
  • Gardner, S. K. (2010). Keeping up with the Joneses: Socialization and culture in doctoral education at one striving institution. The Journal of Higher Education, 81(6), 658–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2010.11779076
  • Gardner, S. K., Hayes, M. T., & Neider, X. N. (2007). The dispositions and skills of a Ph.D. in education: Perspectives of faculty and graduate students in one college of education. Innovative Higher Education, 31(5), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-006-9029-1
  • Gardner, S. K., & Holley, K. A. (2011). “Those invisible barriers are real”: The progression of first-generation students through doctoral education. Equity & Excellence in Education, 44(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2011.529791
  • Gonzales, L. (2013). Faculty sensemaking and mission creep: Interrogating institutionalized ways of knowing and doing legitimacy. The Review of Higher Education, 36(2), 179–209. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2013.0000
  • Gonzales, L., & Ayers, D. (2018). The convergence of institutional logics on the community college sector and the normalization of emotional labor: A new theoretical approach for considering the community college faculty labor expectations. The Review of Higher Education, 41(3), 455–478. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2018.0015
  • Gonzales, L. D., & Ayers, D. F. (2018). The convergence of institutional logics on the community college sector and the normalization of emotional labor: A new theoretical approach for considering the community college faculty labor expectations. The Review of Higher Education, 41(3), 455–478. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2018.0015
  • Gonzales, L., & Rincones, R. (2012). Interdisciplinary scholars: Negotiating legitimacy at the core and from the margins. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 36(4), 495–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2011.643772
  • Gonzales, L., & Terosky, A. (2016). From the faculty perspective: Defining, earning, and maintaining legitimacy across academia. Teachers College Record, 118(7), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811611800704
  • Gouldner, A. (1957). Cosmopolitans and locals: Toward an analysis of latent social roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2(3), 281–306. https://doi.org/10.2307/2390795
  • Griffin, K. A. (2019). Institutional barriers, strategies, and benefits to increasing the representation of women and men of color in the professoriate: Looking beyond the pipeline. Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, 35, 277–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31365-4_4
  • Guhin, J., McCrory Calarco, J., & Miller-Idriss, C. (2021). Whatever happened to socialization? Annual Review of Sociology, 47, 109–129. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/zp2wy
  • Hanson, J., Paulsen, M., & Pascarella, E. (2016). Understanding graduate school aspirations: The effect of good teaching practices. Higher Education, 71(5), 735–752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9934-2
  • Hatch, D., & Garcia, C. (2017). Academic advising and the persistence intentions of community college students in their first weeks in college. The Review of Higher Education, 40(3), 353–390. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2017.0012
  • Hermanowicz, J. (2011). The American academic profession: Transformation in contemporary higher education. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Hermanowicz, J., & Clayton, K. (2018). Contemporary academic publishing: Democratization and differentiation in careers. The Journal of Higher Education, 89(6), 865–891. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2018.1441109
  • Jones, A., Schuhmann, P., Soques, D., & Witman, A. (2020). So you want to go to graduate school? Factors that influence admissions to economics PhD programs. The Journal of Economic Education, 51(2), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2020.1731385
  • Jones, S., Torres, V., & Arminio, J. (2014). Negotiating the complexities of qualitative research in higher education fundamental elements and issues. Routledge.
  • Kilgo, C. A., Ezell Sheets, J. K., & Pascarella, E. T. (2015). The link between high-impact practices and student learning: Some longitudinal evidence. Higher Education, 69(4), 509–525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-014-9788-z
  • Kilgo, C., & Pascarella, E. (2016). Does independent research with a faculty member enhance four-year graduation and graduate/professional degree plans? Convergent results with different analytical methods. Higher Education, 71(4), 575–592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9925-3
  • Kim, Y., & Sax, L. (2009). Student–faculty interaction in research universities: Differences by student gender, race, social class, and first-generation status. Research in HigherEducation, 50(5), 437–459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-009-9127-x
  • Kincheloe, J. L. (2005). Critical constructivism primer. Peter Lang.
  • Lamont, M. (2009). How professors think: Inside the curious world of academic judgment. Harvard University Press.
  • Liera, R. (2020). Moving beyond a culture of niceness in faculty hiring to advance racial equity. American Educational Research Journal, 57(5), 1954–1994. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831219888624
  • Lindholm, J. (2004). Pathways to the professoriate: The role of self, others, and environment in shaping academic career aspirations. The Journal of Higher Education, 75(6), 603–635. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.2004.0035
  • Lovitts, B. (2001). Leaving the ivory tower: The causes and consequences of departure from doctoral study. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Madera, J. M., Hebl, M. R., Dial, H., Martin, R., & Valian, V. (2019). Raising doubt in letters of recommendation for academia: Gender differences and their impact. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34, 287–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-9541-1
  • Madera, J., Hebl, M., & Martin, R. (2009). Gender and letters of recommendation for academia: Agentic and communal differences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1591–1599. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016539
  • Merriam, S., & Tisdell, E. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Milner, H., IV. (2007). Race, culture, and researcher positionality: Working through dangers seen, unseen, and unforeseen. Educational Researcher, 36(7), 388–400. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x07309471
  • Nehler, M. (2018). Letters of recommendation: How do they fit into the modern application? Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 10(3), 267–268. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-18-00258.1
  • Nguyen, D. J. (2016). Does money really matter in doctoral education?: Exploring the influence of financial considerations on doctoral student socialization. Michigan State University.
  • Nguyen, D. J., & Yao, C. W. (2022). A handbook for supporting today’s graduate students. Stylus.
  • Olszewski, W. (2020). Preparing undergraduates for application to graduate school. The Journal of Economic Education, 51(2), 203–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2020.1731396
  • O’Meara, K., Templeton, L., & Nyunt, G. (2018). Earning professional legitimacy: Challenges faced by women, under-represented minority and non-tenure track faculty. Teachers College Record, 120(12), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811812001203
  • Posecznick, A. (2013). Constructing legitimacy in a non-selective, American college: Unpacking symbolic capital through ethnographic moments. Ethnography and Education, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2013.766431
  • Posselt, J. (2014). Toward inclusive excellence in U.S. graduate education: Constructing merit and diversity in PhD admissions. American Journal of Education, 120(4), 481–514. https://doi.org/10.1086/676910
  • Posselt, J. (2015). Disciplinary logics in doctoral admissions: Understanding patterns of faculty evaluation. Journal of Higher Education, 86(6), 807–833. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2015.11777385
  • Posselt, J. (2016). Inside graduate admissions: Merit, diversity, and faculty gatekeeping. Harvard University Press.
  • Posselt, J. (2018). Trust networks: A new perspective on pedigree and the ambiguities of admissions. Review of Higher Education, 41(4), 497–521. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2018.0023
  • Posselt, J., & Grodsky, E. (2017). Graduate education and social stratification. Annual Review of Sociology, 43(1), 353–378. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074324
  • Posselt, J., Hernandez, T. E., Villarreal, C. D., Rodgers, A. J., & Irwin, L. N. (2020). Evaluation and decision making in higher education: Toward equitable repertoires of faculty practice. Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, 35, 1–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11743-6_8-1
  • Rhoades, G., Kiyama, J. M., McCormick, R., & Quiroz, M. (2008). Local cosmopolitans and cosmopolitan locals: New models of professionals in the academy. The Review of Higher Education, 31(2), 209–235. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2007.0079
  • Rivera, L. (2015). Pedigree: Elite reproduction in hiring. Princeton University Press.
  • Rusch, E., & Wilbur, C. (2007). Shaping institutional environments: The process of becoming legitimate. The Review of Higher Education, 30(3), 301–318. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2007.0014
  • Saldaña, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). SAGE.
  • Sallee, M. (2011). Toward a theory of gendered socialization. NASPA Journal about Women in Higher Education, 4(2), 170–192. https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-7890.1086
  • Suchman, M. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571–610. https://doi.org/10.2307/258788
  • Terosky, A. L., & Gonzales, L. D. (2016). Re-envisioned contributions: Experiences of faculty employed at institutional types that differ from their original aspirations. The Review of Higher Education, 39(2), 241–268. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2016.0005
  • Trolian, T. L., & Parker, E. T., III. (2017). Moderating influences of student–faculty interactions on students’ graduate and professional school aspirations. Journal of College Student Development, 58(8), 1261–1267. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2017.0098
  • Wapman, K. H., Zhang, S., Clauset, A., & Larremore, D. B. (2022). Quantifying hierarchy and dynamics in US faculty hiring and retention. Nature, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05222-x
  • Weakliem, D. L., Gauchat, G., & Wright, B. R. (2012). Sociological stratification: Change and continuity in the distribution of departmental prestige, 1965–2007. The American Sociologist, 43(3), 310–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-011-9133-2
  • Weidman, J., Twale, D., & Stein, E. (2001). Socialization of graduate and professional students in higher education: A perilous passage? Jossey-Bass.
  • White-Lewis, D. (2020). The facade of fit in faculty search processes. The Journal of Higher Education, 91(6), 833–857. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2020.1775058
  • Wofford, A. M. (2021). Modeling the pathways to self-confidence for graduate school in computing. Research in Higher Education, 62(3), 359–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-020-09605-9
  • Wofford, A. M., Sax, L. J., George, K. L., Ramirez, D., & Nhien, C. (2022). Advancing equity in graduate pathways: Examining the factors that sustain and develop computing graduate aspirations. The Journal of Higher Education, 93(1), 110–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-020-09605-9

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.