Surface roughness effects on separated and reattached turbulent flow in open channel

References

• Adams, E. W., & Johnston, J. P. (1988). Effects of the separated shear layer on the reattachment flow structure. Experiments in Fluids, 6, 493–499.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afzal, B., Al Faruque, M., & Balachandar, R. (2009). Effect of Reynolds number, near-wall perturbation and turbulence on smooth open-channel flows. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 47(1), 66–81. doi: 10.3826/jhr.2009.3113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agelinchaab, M., & Tachie, M. F. (2008). PIV study of separated and reattached open channel flow over surface mounted blocks. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 130, 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, G. L., & Roshko, A. (1974). On density effects of large structures in turbulent mixing layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 64, 775–816. doi: 10.1017/S002211207400190X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, S., & Tamura, T. (2006). Experimental study on roughness effects on turbulent boundary layer flow over a two-dimensional steep hill. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 94, 1–19. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2005.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ching, C. Y., Djenidi, L., & Antonia, R. A. (1995). Low-Reynolds-number effects in a turbulent boundary layer. Experiments in Fluids, 19, 61–68. doi: 10.1007/BF00192235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, K. T., & Wu. Y. (2005). Characteristics of vortex organization in the outer layer of wall turbulence. Proceedings of Fourth International Symposium Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena, Williamsburg, Virginia, 1025–1030.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, H. W., & Steele, W. G. (1995). Engineering application of experimental uncertainty analysis. AIAA Journal, 33, 1888–1896. doi: 10.2514/3.12742
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton, J. K., & Johnston. J. P. (1981). A Review of research on subsonic turbulent flow reattachment. AIAA Journal, 19, 1093–1100. doi: 10.2514/3.60048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essel, E. E., & Tachie M. F. (2014). Roughness effects on turbulent flow downstream of a backward facing step. Journal of Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10494-014-9549-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essel, E. E., Mali, S., Thacher, E. W., & Tachie, M. F. (2014). Upstream roughness effects on reattached turbulent flow over forward facing step. Tenth International ERCOFTAC Symposium, Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Measurements. Don Carlos Resort, Marbella, Spain, 17–19 September 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Fernholz, H. H., & Finley, P. J. (1996). The incompressible zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer: an assessment of the data. Progress in Aerospace Science, 32, 245–311. doi: 10.1016/0376-0421(95)00007-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flack, K. A., & Schultz, M. P. (2010). Review of hydraulic roughness scales in the fully rough regime. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 132, 1–10. doi: 10.1115/1.4001492
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, J., Katz, J., & Schultz, M. P. (2011). Near-wall turbulence statistics and flow structures over three-dimensional roughness in a turbulent channel flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 667, 1–37. doi: 10.1017/S0022112010003988
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isomoto, K., & Honami, S. (1989). The effect of inlet turbulence intensity on the reattachment process over a backward-facing step. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 111, 87–92. doi: 10.1115/1.3243604
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovic, S. (1996). An experimental study of a separated and reattached flow behind a backward facing step, Reh = 37000. NASA Technical Memorandum (110384), 1–94.
   Google Scholar
• Jovic, S., & Driver, D. (1995). Reynolds number effect on the skin friction in separated flows behind a backward-facing step. Experiments in Fluids, 18, 464–467. doi: 10.1007/BF00208471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasagi, N., & Matsunaga, A. (1995). Three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry measurement of turbulence statistics and energy budget in a backward-facing step flow. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 16, 477–485. doi: 10.1016/0142-727X(95)00041-N
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostas, J., Soria, J., & Chong. M. S. (2002). Particle image velocimetry measurements of a backward-facing step flow. Experiments in Fluids, 33, 838–853. doi: 10.1007/s00348-002-0521-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monkewitz, P. A., Chauhan, K. A., & Nagib, H. M. (2008). Comparison of mean flow similarity laws in zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers. Physics of Fluids, 20, 1–16. doi: 10.1063/1.2972935
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa, H., & Nezu, I. (1987). Experimental investigation on turbulent structure of backward-facing step flow in an open channel. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 25(1), 67–88. doi: 10.1080/00221688709499289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyantekyi-Kwakye, B., Clark, S., Tachie, M. F., Malenchak, J., & Muluye, G. (2014). Flow characteristics within the recirculation region of three-dimensional turbulent offset jet. Journal of Hydraulic Research, , 1–13. doi: 10.1080/00221686.2014.950612
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piirto, M., Saarenrinne, P., Eloranta, H., & Karvinen, R. (2003). Measuring turbulence energy with PIV in a backward-facing step flow. Experiments in Fluids, 35, 219–236. doi: 10.1007/s00348-003-0607-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purtell. L. P., Klebanoff, P. S., & Buckley, F. T. (1981). Turbulent boundary layer at low Reynolds number. Physics of Fluids, 24, 802–811. doi: 10.1063/1.863452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roussinova, V. (2009). Turbulent structures in smooth and rough open channel flows: Effect of depth. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, Paper 94.
   Google Scholar
• Schultz, M. P., & Flack, K. A. (2007). The rough wall turbulent boundary layer from the hydraulically smooth to the fully rough regime. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 580, 381–405. doi: 10.1017/S0022112007005502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah M. K., & Tachie M. F. (2009). PIV investigation of flow over a transverse square rib in pressure gradients. Journal of Turbulence, 10, 1–22. doi: 10.1080/14685240903193311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, R. L. (1989). Turbulent boundary-layer separation. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 21, 205–234. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fl.21.010189.001225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, S., & Eaton. J. K. (2002). The effects of wall roughness on the separated flow over a smoothly contoured ramp. Experiments in Fluids, 33, 38–46. doi: 10.1007/s00348-002-0411-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tachie, M. F., Balachandar, R., & Bergstrom. D. (2001). Open channel boundary layer relaxation behind a forward facing step at low Reynolds numbers. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 123, 539–544. doi: 10.1115/1.1383971
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tachie, M. F., Balachandar, R., & Bergstrom D. J. (2003). Low Reynolds number effects in open channel turbulent boundary layers. Experiments in Fluids, 34, 616–624. doi: 10.1007/s00348-003-0599-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsikata, J. M., Tachie, M. F., & Katopodis, C. (2014). Open-channel turbulent flow through bar racks. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 52, 630–643. doi: 10.1080/00221686.2014.928805
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volino, R. J., Schultz, M. P., & Flack, K. A. (2007). Turbulence structure in rough- and smooth-wall boundary layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 592, 263–293. doi: 10.1017/S0022112007008518
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volino, R. J., Schultz, M. P., & Flack, K. A. (2009). Turbulence structure in a boundary layer with two-dimensional roughness. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 635, 75–101. doi: 10.1017/S0022112009007617
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Y., Ren, H., & Tang, H. (2013). Turbulent flow over a rough backward-facing step. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 44, 155–169. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2013.05.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar