An Examination of the Life Satisfaction and Importance of Leisure in the Lives of Older Female Retirees: A Comparison of Blacks to Whites

References

• Allen, K., & Chin-Sang, V. (1990). A lifetime of work: The context and meanings of leisure for aging black women. The Gerontologist, 30, 734–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison, M., & Smith, S. (1990). Leisure and the quality of life: Issues facing racial and ethnic minority elderly. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 24, 50–63.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, S. (1984). Retirement preparation programs: Differentials in opportunity and use. Journal of Gerontology, 39, 596–602.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belsky, J. (1984). The psychology of aging; theory, research, and practice. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Boyle, R. (1970). Path analysis and ordinal data. American Journal of Sociology, 75, 461–480.
   Google Scholar
• Bull, C., & Aucoin, J. (1975). Voluntary association participation and life satisfaction: A replication note. Journal of Gerontology, 30, 73–76.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell, A. (1976). Subjective measures of well-being. American Psychologist, 2, 117–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, A. (1981). The sense of well-being in America. New York: McGraw-Hill Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, A., Converse, P., & Rogers, W. (1976). The quality of life in America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Clemente, F., & Sauer, W. (1974). Life satisfaction in the United States. Social Forces, 54, 621–631.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuter Riddick, C. (1982). Life satisfaction among aging women: A causal model. In M. Szinovacz (Ed.), Women's retirement: Policy implications of recent research (pp. 45–59). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Cutler Riddick, C. (1985a). Life satisfaction determinants of older males and females. Leisure Sciences, 7, 47–63.
   Google Scholar
• Cutler Riddick, C. (1985b). Life satisfaction for older female homemakers, retirees, and workers. Research on Aging, 7, 383–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler Riddick, C. (in press). Older women's leisure activity and quality of life. In J. Kelly (Ed.), Activity and aging. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Deimling, G., Harel, Z., & Noelker, L. (1983). Racial differences in social integration and life satisfaction among aged public housing residents. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 14, 203–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dressel, P. (1988). Gender, race, and class: Beyond the feminization of poverty in later life. The Gerontologist, 28, 177–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elwell, F., & Maltbie-Crannell, A. (1981). The impact of role loss upon coping resources and life satisfaction of the elderly. Journal of Gerontology, 36, 223–232.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feinson, M. (1987). Mental health and aging: Are there gender differences? The Gerontologist, 27, 703–711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, R. (1988). Minority aging research: Opportunity and challenge. The Gerontologist, 28, 559–560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn, R., Mulinare, J., & Teutsch, S. (1992) Inconsistencies in coding of race and ethnicity between birth and death in U.S. infants. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267, 259–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harel, Z., Sollod, R., & Bognar, B. (1982). Predictions of mental health among semirural aged. The Gerontologist, 22, 499–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, Louis & Associates. (1981). Aging in the eighties: America in transition. Washington DC: National Council on Aging.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, K. (1990). The meaning of leisure for women: An integrative review of the research. Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 228–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herzog, W., Rogers, W., & Woodworth, J. (1982). Subjective well-being among different age groups. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola, S., & Mannell, R. (1985). Social and psychological constraints on leisure. In M. Wade (Ed.), Constraints on leisure (pp. 111–151). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, J. (1972). Black women in a racist society. In C. Willie, B. Kramer, & B. Brown (Eds.), Racism and mental health (pp. 185–268). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, J., Steinkamp, M., & Kelly, J. (1987). Later life satisfaction: Does leisure contribute? Leisure Sciences, 19, 189–200.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, M., & Butler, R. (1972). Why is women's lib ignoring old women? International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 3, 223–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markides, K., Liang, J., & Jackson, J. (1990). Race, ethnicity, and aging: Conceptual and methodological issues. In R. Binstock, & L. George (Eds.), Handbook of aging and social sciences (pp. 112–129). San Diego: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• McGuire, F. (1984). A factor analytic study of leisure constraints in advanced adulthood. Leisure Sciences, 3, 313–326.
   Google Scholar
• Messer, M. (1968). Race differences in selected attitudinal dimensions of the elderly. The Gerontologist, 8, 245–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mobily, K., Leslie, D., Wallace, R., Lemke, J., Kohout, F., & Morris, M. (1984). Leisure patterns of older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 5, 201–214.
   Google Scholar
• Neugarten, B., Havinghurst, R., & Tobin, S. (1961). The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16, 134–143.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ragheb, M., & Griffith, C. (1982). The contribution of leisure participation and leisure satisfaction to the life satisfaction of older persons. Journal of Leisure Research, 14, 295–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, V., & Rao, V. (1982). Determinants of life satisfaction among Black elderly. Psychological Abstracts, 68, 35–49.
   Google Scholar
• Richardson, V., & Kilty, K. (1992). Recent intentions among black professionals: Implications for practice with older black adults. The Gerontologist, 32, 7–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riddick, C. & Daniel, S. (1984). The relative contribution of leisure activities and other factors to the mental health of older women. Journal of Leisure Research, 16, 136–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, R. (1987). The importance of recreation satisfaction and activity participation to the life satisfaction of age- segregated retirees. Journal of Leisure Research, 19, 273–283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Searle, M., & Iso-Ahola, S. (1988). Determinants of leisure behavior among retired adults. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 2, 38–46.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, W. (1985). Gender and leisure: Inequality in the distribution of leisure time. Journal of Leisure Research, 17, 266–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sneegas, J. (1986). Components of life satisfaction in middle and later life adults: Perceived social competence, leisure participation and leisure satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 18, 248–258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanford, P., & DuBois, B. (1992). Gender and ethnicity patterns. In J. Birren, R. Sloane, & G. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of mental health and aging (pp.99–117). San Diego: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stock, W., Okun, M. Haring, M., & Witter, R. (1985). Race and subjective well-being in adulthood: A black-white research synthesis. Human Development, 28, 1920197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinsley, H., Colbs, S., Teaff, J., & Kaufman, N. (1987). The relationship of age, gender, health and economic status to the psychological benefits older persons report from participation in leisure activities. Leisure Sciences, 9, 53–65.
   Google Scholar
• Usui, W., Keil, T., & Phillips, D. (1983). Determinants of life satisfaction: A note on a race-interaction hypothesis. Journal of Gerontology, 38, 107–110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wood, V., Wylie, M., & Schaefor, B. (1969). An analysis of a short self report measure on life satisfaction: Correlation with rater judgments. Journal of Gerontology, 24, 465–469.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wylie, M. (1970). Life satisfaction as a program impact criterion. Journal of Gerontology, 25, 36–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar