Leisure, acculturation, and life satisfaction of Korean transnational-split families: A mixed-method study

References

• Abelmann, N., & Kang, J. (2014). Memoir/manuals of South Korean pre-college study abroad: defending mothers and humanizing children. Global Networks, 14(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abelmann, N., Newendorp, N., & Lee-Chung, S. (2014). East Asia’s astronaut and geese families. Critical Asian Studies, 46(2), 259–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2014.898454
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison, M. T., & Geiger, C. W. (1993). Nature of leisure activities among the Chinese-American elderly. Leisure Sciences, 15(4), 309–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409309513209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arcia, E., Skinner, M., Bailey, D., & Correa, V. (2001). Models of acculturation and health behaviors among Latino immigrants to the US. Social Science & Medicine, 53(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00310-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barth, F. (1969). Ethnic groups and boundaries. Waveland Press.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 697–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry, J. W., & Hou, F. (2016). Immigrant acculturation and wellbeing in Canada. Canadian Psychology, 57(4), 254–264. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000064
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry, J., Kim, U., Minde, T., & Mok, D. (1987). Comparative studies of acculturative stress. The International Migration Review, 21(3), 491–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertram, D. M., Poulakis, M., Elsasser, B. S., & Kumar, E. (2014). Social support and acculturation in Chinese international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 42(2), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2014.00048.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besevegis, E., & Pavlopoulos, V. (2008). Acculturation patterns and adaptation of immigrants in Greece. In M. Finklestein & K. Dent-Brown (Eds.), Psychosocial stress in immigrants and members of minority groups as a factor of terrorist behavior (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series, E: Human and Societal Dynamics) (Vol. 40, pp. 23–34). IOS Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burgess, E. W., & Wallin, P. (1953). Engagement and marriage. J. B. Lippincott.
   Google Scholar
• Cha, C. (2010). Health promotion and related factors among Korean goose mothers. Asian Nursing Research, 4(4), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1976-1317(11)60005-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, E. S. (2018). Kirogi women’s psychological well-being: The relative contributions of marital quality, mother–child relationship quality, and youth’s educational adjustment. Journal of Family Issues, 39(1), 209–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X16632265
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, R. H. G., Kim, B. S., & Abreu, J. M. (2004). Asian American multidimensional acculturation scale: Development, factor analysis, reliability, and validity. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10, 66–80. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.10.1.66
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Constantine, M., Okazaki, S., & Utsey, S. (2004). Self-concealment, social self-efficacy, acculturative stress, and depression in African, Asian, and Latin American international college students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74, 230–241. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.74.3.230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dito, B. B., Mazzucato, V., & Schans, D. (2017). The effects of transnational parenting on the subjective health and well-being of Ghanaian migrants in the Netherlands. Population, Space and Place, 23(3), Article e2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, S., & Phillips, M. (2010). People who live apart together (LATs)–How different are they? The Sociological Review, 58(1), 112–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2009.01874.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, S., Phillips, M., Carter, J., Roseneil, S., & Stoilova, M. (2014). Practices and perceptions of living apart together. Family Science, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424620.2014.927382
   Google Scholar
• Finch, J., & Kim, S. K. (2012). Kirŏgi families in the US: Transnational migration and education. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 38(3), 485–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2012.658548
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaffarianm, S. (1998). The acculturation of Iranian immigrants in the United States and the implications for mental health, The Journal of Social Psychology, 138(5), 645–654. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549809600419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, M. M. (1964). Assimilation in American life: The role of race, religion, and national origins. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. (2005). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions and emerging confluences. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 191–216). SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haagsman, K., Mazzucato, V., & Dito, B. B. (2015). Transnational families and the subjective well-being of migrant parents: Angolan and Nigerian parents in the Netherlands. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38(15), 2652–2671. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1037783
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heller, D., Watson, D., & Ilies, R. (2004). The role of person versus situation in life satisfaction: A critical examination. Psychological Bulletin, 130(4), 574–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, Y.-J., You, H.-K., & Kwon, Y. I. (2014). One family in two countries: Mothers in Korean transnational families. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(9), 1546–1564. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2012.758861
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju, H. S. (2018, March 25). 이혼에 가족 해체까지… 위험한 기러기 부부 생활 [Divorce and family dissolution…Dangerous life of Kirogi couples]. 중앙일보. Retrieved from https://news.joins.com/article/22472474
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J., Agic, B., & McKenzie, K. (2014). The mental health of Korean transnational mothers: A scoping review. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 60(8), 783–794. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014522775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleiber, D. A., Hutchinson, S. L., & Williams, R. (2002). Leisure as a resource in transcending negative life events: Self-protection, self-restoration, and personal transformation. Leisure Sciences, 24(2), 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400252900167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko, J. T. (2021, March 12). Ultrafine dust pollution continues, with yellow dust expected Tuesday. The Korea Herald. Retrieved from http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20210315000813
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi, A., & Preston, V. (2007). Transnationalism through the life course: Hong Kong immigrants in Canada. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 48(2), 151–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8373.2007.00338.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kono, S. (2015). Meanings of leisure in coping and adjustment after hurricane Katrina among Japanese and Japanese American Survivors in New Orleans. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(2), 220–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2015.11950358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo, H., & Lee, Y.-J. (2006). ‘Wild geese fathers’ and a globalised family strategy for education in Korea. International Development Planning Review, 28(4), 533–553. https://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.28.4.6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosic, A. (2004). Acculturation strategies, coping process and acculturative stress. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 45(4), 269–278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2004.00405.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krist, L., Dornquast, C., Reinhold, T., Becher, H., Jöckel, K.-H., Schmidt, B., Schramm, S., Icke, K., Danquah, I., Wilich, S. N., Keil, T., & Brand, T. (2021). Association of acculturation status with longitudinal changes in health-related quality of life-Results from a cohort study of adults with Turkish origin in Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), Article 2827. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062827
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuykendall, L., Tay, L., & Ng, V. (2015). Leisure engagement and subjective well-being: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 141, 364–403. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, L. R., Jennings, V., & Cloutier, S. A. (2016). Public parks and wellbeing in urban areas of the United States. PLOS One, 11(4), e0153211. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H.-C. (2008). Flexible acculturation. Social Thought & Research, 29, 49–73.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, K. J., & Scott, D. (2013). Interracial contact experience during recreational basketball and soccer. Journal of Leisure Research, 45(3), 267–294. https://doi.org/10.18666/jlr-2013-v45-i3-3152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, K. J., Cho, S., Kim, E. K., & Hwang, S. (2020). Do more leisure time and leisure repertoire make us happier? An investigation of the curvilinear relationships. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(5), 1727–1747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00153-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, K. J., Hwang, S., & Stodolska, M. (2022). Leisure and subjective well-being of parents of Korean transnational-split families. Current Psychology, 41, 3270–3281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00852-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, I., & Trost, J. (1999). Living apart together. Community, Work & Family, 2(3), 279–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668809908412186
   Google Scholar
• Li, M. Z., & Stodolska, M. (2022). Beyond luxury consumption: The meaning and meaning-making mechanism in conspicuous outbound tourism. Journal of Leisure Research, 53(5), 687–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2021.1949651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin, G., & Marin, B. V. (1991). Research with Hispanic populations. SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Morse, J. M. (1991). Approaches to qualitative-quantitative methodological triangulation. Nursing Research, 40, 120–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, E. J. (2006). Transnational ties and mental health. In R. Mahalingam (Ed.), Cultural psychology of immigrants (pp. 79–94). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Newman, D. B., Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2014). Leisure and subjective well-being: A model of psychological mechanisms as mediating factors. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(3), 555–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9435-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obokata, R., Veronis, L., & McLeman, R. (2014). Empirical research on international environmental migration: A systemic review. Population and Environment, 36, 111–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-014-0210-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh, Y., Koeske, G. F., & Sales, E. (2002). Acculturation, stress, and depressive symptoms among Korean immigrants in the United States. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(4), 511–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540209603915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onishi, N. (2008, June 8). For English studies, Koreans say goodbye to dad. Asia Pacific. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/08/world/asia/08geese.html
   Google Scholar
• Organista, P. B., Organista, K. C., & Kurasaki, K. (2003). The relationship between acculturation and ethnic minority mental health. In K. M. Chun, P. B. Organista, & G. Marin (Eds.), Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research (pp. 139–161). American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Orthner, D. K. (1975). Leisure activity patterns and marital satisfaction over the marital career. Journal of Marriage and Family, 37(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.2307/351033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, S. Y., Anastas, J., Shibusawa, T., & Nguyen, D. (2014). The impact of acculturation and acculturative stress on alcohol use across Asian immigrant subgroups. Substance Use & Misuse, 49(8), 922–931. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.855232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2013). Happiness experienced: The science of subjective well-being. In S. David, I. Boniwell, & A. Conley Ayers (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 134–151). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T. F., Tropp, L. R., Wagner, U., & Christ, O. (2011). Recent advances in intergroup contact theory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(3), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes, A., & Rumbaut, R. G. (1996). Immigrant America. University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Portes, A., & Zhou, M. (1993). The new second generation: Segmented assimilation and its variants. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 530, 74–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716293530001006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prapas, C., & Mavreas, V. (2019). The relationship between quality of life, psychological wellbeing, satisfaction with life and acculturation of immigrants in Greece. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 43, 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-018-9598-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragheb, M. G. (1980). Interrelationships among leisure participation, leisure satisfaction and leisure attitudes. Journal of Leisure Research, 12, 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1980.11969433
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rollings, B., & Feldman, H. (1970). Marital satisfaction over the family life cycle. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 32(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.2307/349967
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruseski, J. E., Humphreys, B. R., Hallman, K., Wicker, P., & Breuer, C. (2014). Sport participation and subjective well-being: Instrumental variable results from German survey data. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11, 396–403. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato, M., Jordan, J. S., & Funk, D. C. (2014). The role of physically active leisure for enhancing quality of life. Leisure Sciences, 36(3), 293–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2014.886912
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schipperijn, J., Cerin, E., Adams, M. A., Reis, R., Smith, G., Cain, K., Christiansen, L. B., van Dyck, D., Gidlow, C., Frank, L. D., Mitáš, J., Pratt, M., Salvo, D., Schofield, G., & Sallis, J. F. (2017). Access to parks and physical activity: An eight country comparison. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 27, 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang, S., O’Driscoll, M. P., & Roche, M. (2018). Mechanisms linking acculturation, work–family conflict, and subjective well‐being among Chinese immigrants in New Zealand. Human Resource Management, 57(5), 1097–1109. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21890
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, S. H., Choi, H., & Kim, M. J. (2014). Mental distress of children in Kirogi families. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 23(4), 208–216. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2014.23.4.208
   Google Scholar
• Son, J. (2015). Immigrant incorporation, technology, and transnationalism among Korean American women. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 16, 377–395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-014-0347-3
   Google Scholar
• Stodolska, M. (2007). Social networks, ethnic enclosure, and leisure behavior of immigrants from Korea, Mexico, and Poland. Leisure, 31, 277–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2007.9651382
   Google Scholar
• Stodolska, M., & Alexandris, K. (2004). The role of recreational sport in the adaptation of first generation immigrants in the United States. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(3), 379–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2004.11950029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stodolska, M., & Santos, C. A. (2006). Transnationalism and leisure: Mexican temporary migrants in the United States. Journal of Leisure Research, 38, 143–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2006.11950073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stodolska, M., Lee, K. J., Hwang, S., Son, H., & Lee, Y. (2020). Leisure behaviors among mothers and fathers in Korean transnational split families. Leisure Sciences. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1858378
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stodolska, M., Marcinkowski, M., & Yi-Kook, J. (2007). The role of ethnic enclosure in leisure in the economic achievement of Korean immigrants. Journal of Leisure Research, 39(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2007.11950096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stodolska, M., Peters, K., & Horolets, A. (2017). Immigrants’ adaptation and interracial/interethnic interactions in natural environments. Leisure Sciences, 39(6), 475–491. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2016.1213676
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verkuyten, M. (2008). Life satisfaction among ethnic minorities: The role of discrimination and group identification. Social Indicators Research, 89, 391–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9239-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, C., Bochner, S., & Furnham, A. (2001). The psychology of culture shock. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, J. (2002). Flexible families? ‘Astronaut’ households and the experience of lone mothers in Vancouver, British Columbia. Social and Cultural Geography, 3, 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360220133907
   Google Scholar
• Yang, K., Laffrey, S. C., Stuifbergen, A., Im, E.-O., May, K., & Kouzekanani, K. (2007). Leisure-time physical activity among midlife Korean immigrant women in the US. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 9(4), 291–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-007-9039-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoon, E., Chang, C.-T., Kim, S., Clawson, A., Cleary, S. E., Hansen, M., Bruner, J. P., Chan, T. K., & Gomes, A. M. (2013). A meta-analysis of acculturation/enculturation and mental health. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(1), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, E., Lee, R. M., & Goh, M. (2008). Acculturation, social connectedness, and subjective well-being. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(3), 246–255. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.14.3.246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, D. & Choi, H. (2013, May 11). “송금후 라면값만 남아”… 기러기가구 115만 ‘우울증 빨간불’ [“I only have money for noodles after remittance”…Kirogi household 1.15 millions ‘signs of depression]. 서울신문. Retrieved from https://news.naver.com/main/ranking/read.nhn?mid=etc&sid1=111&rankingType=popular_day&oid=081&aid=0002335306&date=20130511&type=1&rankingSectionId=102&rankingSeq=
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, Y., Zhang, H, & Stodolska, M. (2018). Acculturative stress and leisure among Chinese international students. Leisure Sciences, 40(6), 557–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2017.1306466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar