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- A version of this paper was read at the 1972 meetings of the American Sociological Association in New Orleans. This paper was prepared under National Science Foundation Grant GS 3231 to Professor Charles Kadushin of Teachers College, Columbia University. I am grateful for the comments of Professor Kadushin, as well as those of Dr. Kenneth Land of the Russell Sage Foundation and Professor Seymour Spilerman of the University of Wisconsin to a draft of this paper. I particularly want to thank Dr. Tom Louis of Columbia University for his help in formulating the applications of probability theory in this paper.