Institutions as production systems

References

• Anderson , A. R. and Moore , O. K. 1962 . Toward a formal analysis of cultural objects . Synthese , 14 : 144 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , B. and Wilier , D. 1981 . “ Introduction ” . In Networks, Exchange and Coercion , Edited by: Wilier , D. and Anderson , B. New York : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Axten , N. and Fararo , T. J. 1977 . “ The information processing representation of institutionalised social action ” . In Mathematical Models of Sociology , Sociological Review Monograph 24 Edited by: Krishnan , P. Keele, , U.K. : University of Keele .
   Google Scholar
• Axten , N. and Skvoretz , J. 1980 . Roles and role‐programs . Quality and Quantity , 4 : 547 – 583 .
   Google Scholar
• Bates , F. L. and Harvey , C. C. 1975 . The Structure of Social Systems , New York : Gardner Press . Distributed by Halsted Press, New York
   Google Scholar
• Berger , P. and Luckmann , T. 1966 . The Social Construction of Reality , New York : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Berger , J. and Zelditch , M. Jr. 1977 . “ Status characteristics and social interactions: The status‐organizing process ” . In Status Characteristics and Social Interaction , Edited by: Berger , J. New York : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Blau , P. 1977 . Inequality and Heterogeneity , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Boden , M. 1977 . Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man , New York : Harper .
   Google Scholar
• Boden , M. 1980 . Jean Piaget , New York : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Bohrnstedt , G. W. 1981 . Review of David R. Heise: Understanding Events: Affect and the Construction of Social Action . Contemporary Sociology , 10 ( 6 ) : 759 – 763 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley , W. 1967 . Sociology and Modern Systems Theory , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Chomsky , N. 1965 . Aspects of the Theory of Syntax , Cambridge, Mass. : The MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , B. P. 1980 . Developing Sociological Knowledge: Theory and Method , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Culler , J. 1977 . Ferdinand de Saussure , New York : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• D'Andrade , R. G. 1981 . The cultural part of cognition . Cognitive Science , 5 : 179 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , R. and King , J. 1976 . “ An overview of production systems ” . In Machine Intelligence 8 , Edited by: Elcock , E. W. and Michie , D. 300 – 332 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Doreian , P. 1980 . On the evolution of group and network structure . Social Networks , 2 ( 3 ) : 235 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etzioni , A. 1968 . The Active Society , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fararo , T. J. 1973 . Mathematical Sociology , New York : Wiley . Reprinted by Krieger, New York (1978)
   Google Scholar
• Fararo , T. J. 1976 . “ On the foundations of the theory of action in Whitehead and Parsons ” . In Explorations in General Theory in Social Science , Edited by: Loubser , J. C. Vol. 1 , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fararo , T. J. 1978 . An introduction to catastrophes . Behavioral Science , 23 : 291 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Fararo , T. J. 1981 . Biased networks and social structure theorems . Social Networks , 3 : 137 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fararo , T. J. 1981 . Social activity and social structure . Cybernetics and Systems , 12 : 53 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finer , S. E. 1966 . Vilfredo Pareto: Sociological Writings , New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Geertz , C. 1973 . The Interpretation of Cultures , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs , J. P. 1981 . Norms, Deviance, and Social Control: Conceptual Matters , New York : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1967 . Interaction Ritual , New York : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Harré , R. 1970 . The Principles of Scientific Thinking , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Harré , R. and Secord , P. F. 1973 . The Explanation of Social Behavior , Totowa, New Jersey : Littlefield, Adams and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Hayes , A. 1980 . A semi‐formal explication of Talcott Parsons’ theory of action . Sociological Inquiry , 50 : 39 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes , A. 1981 . Structure and creativity: The use of transformational‐generative models in action theory . Sociological Inquiry , 51 : 219 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heise , D. R. 1979 . Understanding Events, Affect and the Construction of Social Action , ASA Rose Monograph New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , L. J. 1970 . L. J. Henderson on the Social System , Edited by: Barber , B. Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Homans , G. C. 1950 . The Human Group , New York : Harcourt, Brace and World .
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn , A. 1974 . The Logic of Social Systems , San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Lane , M. , ed. 1970 . Introduction to Structuralism , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Lazarsfeld , P. 1970 . “ Empirical social research in contemporary sociology ” . In Theoretical Sociology , Edited by: McKinney , J. C. and Tiryakian , E. New York : Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, Chapter 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Lyons , J. 1978 . Noam Chomsky , Revised Edition , New York : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Lidz , V. 1981 . “ Transformational theory and the internal environment of action systems ” . In Advances in Social Theory and Methodology: Toward an Integration of Micro‐ and Macro‐Sociologies , Edited by: Knorr‐Cetina , K. and Cicourel , A. V. Boston, Mass. : Routledge and Kegan Paul . Chapter 7
   Google Scholar
• Mayr , E. 1974 . “ Teleological and teleonomic, a new analysis ” . In Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences , Edited by: Cohen , R. S. and Wartovsky , M. Brill, Leiden, , Holland : Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science XIV .
   Google Scholar
• Mead , G. H. 1934 . Mind, Self, and Society , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mesarovic , M. D. , Macko , D. and Takahara , Y. 1970 . Theory of Hierarchical, Multilevel, Systems , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , J. 1977 . The effects of education as an institution . American Journal of Sociology , 83 ( 1 ) : 55 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , J. and Rowan , B. 1977 . Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony . American Journal of Sociology , 83 ( 2 ) : 340 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , G. A. , Galanter , E. and Pibram , K. H. 1960 . Plans and the Structure of Behavior , New York : Holt .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , J. G. 1975 . The nature of living systems . Behavioral Science , 20 ( 6 ) : 343 – 365 .
   Google Scholar
• Münch , R. 1982 . Talcott Parsons and the theory of action II. The continuity of the development . American Journal of Sociology , 87 ( 4 ) : 771 – 826 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadel , S. F. 1951 . The Foundations of Social Anthropology , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nadel , S. F. 1957 . The Theory of Social Structure , London : Cohen and West .
   Google Scholar
• Newell , A. and Simon , H. A. 1972 . Human Problem Solving , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Nowakowska , M. 1973 . A formal theory of action . Behavioral Science , 18 : 393 – 416 .
   Google Scholar
• Pareto , W. 1920, 1980 . Compendium of General Sociology , Edited by: Farina , G. Minneapolis, Minn. : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , T. 1937, 1968 . The Structure of Social Action , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , T. 1951 . The Social System , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , T. 1960 . The pattern variables revisited: A response to Professor Dubin . American Sociological Review , 25 ( 4 ) : 467 – 483 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons , T. 1961 . “ The point of view of the author ” . In The Social Theories of Talcott Parsons , Edited by: Black , M. Carbondale, Illinois : Southern Illinois University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , T. 1969 . Politics and Social Structure , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , T. 1970 . “ Some problems in general theory in sociology ” . In Theoretical Sociology , Edited by: McKinney , J. C. and Tiryakian , E. New York : Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, Chapter 1 .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , T. 1977 . Social Systems and the Evolution of Action Theory , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , T. , Bales , R. F. and Shils , E. A. 1953 . Working Papers in the Theory of Action , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , T. and Smelser , N. 1956 . Economy and Society , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pettit , P. 1977 . The Concept of Structuralism: A Critique , Berkeley, Calif. : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Powers , W. T. 1973 . Behavior: The Control of Perception , Chicago : Aldine .
   Google Scholar
• de Saussure , F. 1916, 1966 . Course in General Linguistics , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Schank , R. D. and Abelson , R. P. 1977 . Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Under standing: An Inquiry into Human Knowledge Structures , Hillsdale, New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum . Distributed by Halsted Press, New York
   Google Scholar
• Schotter , A. 1981 . The Economic Theory of Social Institutions , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schutz , A. 1973 . Collected Papers I. The Problem of Social Reality , The Hague : Nyhoff .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , H. A. 1957 . Models of Man , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , H. A. 1973 . “ The organization of complex systems ” . In Hierarchy Theory , Edited by: Pattee , H. H. New York : Braziller . Chapter 1
   Google Scholar
• Simon , H. A. 1976 . Administrative Behavior , Third Edition , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Skvoretz , J. 1977 . Information diffusion in formally structured populations: An information processing approach . Journal of Cybernetics (now Cybernetics and Systems , 8 : 51 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Skvoretz , J. 1982 . Comment on Fararo's “Biased Networks and Social Structure Theorems.” . Social Networks , 3 ( 4 ) : 313 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skvoretz , J. in press . Languages and grammars of action and interaction: Some further results . Behavioral Science ,
   Google Scholar
• Skvoretz , J. 1983 . Salience, heterogeneity, and consolidation of parameters . American Sociological Review , 48 : 360 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skvoretz , J. , Fararo , T. J. and Axten , N. 1980 . Role‐programme models and the analysis of institutional structure . Sociology , 14 : 49 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Skvoretz , J. and Fararo , T. J. 1980 . Languages and grammars of action and interaction: A contribution to the formal theory of action . Behavioral Science , 25 : 9 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Spencer , H. 1898 . The Principles of Sociology , New York : Appleton .
   Google Scholar
• Spradley , J. P. , ed. 1972 . Culture and Cognition: Rules, Maps, and Plans , New York : Chandler .
   Google Scholar
• Stinchcombe , A. L. 1968 . Constructing Social Theories , New York : Harcourt, Brace and World .
   Google Scholar
• Toulmin , S. 1953 . The Philosophy of Science , New York : Harper .
   Google Scholar
• Turner , R. H. 1979 . Strategy for developing an integrated role theory . Humboldt Journal of Social Relations , 7 : 123 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiener , N. 1948, 1961 . Cybernetics , Second Edition , Cambridge, Mass. : The MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Whyte , W. F. 1948 . Human Relations in the Restaurant Industry , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Whyte , W. F. 1961, 1976 . “ Parsonian theory applied to organizations ” . In The Social Theories of Talcott Parsons: A Critical Examination , Edited by: Black , M. Carbondale, Illinois : Southern Illinois University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zisman , M. S. 1978 . “ Use of production systems for modeling asynchronous, concurrent processes ” . In Pattern‐Directed Inference Systems , Edited by: Waterman , D. A. and Hayes‐Roth , F. 53 – 68 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar