References
- Boyce , W. E. and DiPrima , R. C. 1986 . Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems. , New York : Wiley .
- Brown , C. 1988 . Mass dynamics of U.S. presidential competitions, 1928–1936 . American Political Science Review , 82 (4) : 1153 – 1182 .
- Coleman , J. S. 1968 . “ The mathematical study of change ” . In Methodology in Social Research. , Edited by: Blalock , H. and A. 428 – 478 . New York : McGraw‐Hill .
- Doreian , P. and Hummon , N. P. 1976 . Modeling Social Processes. , New York : Elsevier .
- Durand , J. and Durand , R. Religion as a source of political change: Communist electoral decline in Finland . presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association . Washington, D.C.
- Durand , R. and Patel , K. 1981 . A note on formalizing and validating dynamic models of policy‐making . Political Methodology , 7 (1) : 103 – 114 .
- Gleick , J. 1987 . Chaos: Making a New Science. , New York : Viking .
- Hamming , R. W. 1989 . Introduction to Applied Numerical Analysis. , New York : Hemisphere .
- Huckfeldt , R. R. , Kohfeld , C W. and likens , T. W. 1982 . Dynamic Modeling: An Introduction. , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
- Kocak , H. 1989 . Differential and Difference Equations through Computer Experiments. , New York : Spring‐er‐Verlag .
- Lotka , A. J. 1925 . Elements of Physical Biology. , Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins .
- Marquardt , D. W. 1963 . An algorithm for least squares estimation of nonlinear parameters 1976 Bifurcations and dynamic complexity in simple ecological models . The American Naturalist , 110 : 573 – 599 .
- Przeworski , A. and Sprague , J. 1986 . Paper Stones: A History of Electoral Socialism. , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Rapoport , A. 1963 . “ Mathematical models of social interaction ” . In Handbook of Mathematical Psychology. , Edited by: Luce , R. D. , Bush , R. R. and Galanter , E. New York : Wiley .
- Simon , H. 1957 . Models of Man. , New York : Wiley .
- Tuma , N. B. and Hannan , M. T. 1984 . Social Dynamics: Models and Methods. , Orlando : Academic Press .
- Volterra , V. 1931 . Lecons sur la theorie mathematique de la lutta pour la vie. , Paris : Gauthier‐Villars .
- Ward , M. D. 1984 . Differential paths to parity: A study of the contemporary arms race . American Political Science Review , 78 : 297 – 317 .
- An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1991 annual meetings of the Midwest Political Science Association.
![Supercharge Your Next Research Paper: Research and write your next paper with Jenni AI.]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/112448/MPU-L1SN.png"})