561
Views
107
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Distraction Affects the Performance of Obstacle Avoidance During Walking

, , &
Pages 53-63 | Received 08 Jun 2000, Published online: 01 Apr 2010

References

  • Adam , J. J. and Van Wieringen , P. C. 1988 . Worry and emotionality: Its influence on the performance of a throwing task . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 19 : 211 – 225 .
  • Bardy , B. G. and Laurent , M. 1991 . Visual cues and attention demand in locomotor positioning . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 72 : 915 – 926 .
  • Brown , L. A. , Shumway-Cook , A. and Woollacott , M. 1999 . Attentional demands and postural recovery: The effects of aging . Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences , 54A : M165 – M171 .
  • Brown , T. L. and Carr , T. H. 1989 . Automaticity in skill acquisition: Mechanisms for reducing interference in concurrent performance . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 15 : 686 – 700 .
  • Chen , H. C. , Ashton-Miller , J. A. , Alexander , N. B. and Schultz , A. B. 1991 . Stepping over obstacles: Gait patterns of healthy young and old adults . Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences , 46 : M196 – M203 .
  • Chen , H. C. , Ashton-Miller , J. A. , Alexander , N. B. and Schultz , A. B. 1994a . Age effects on strategies to avoid obstacles . Gait and Posture , 2 : 139 – 146 .
  • Chen , H. C. , Ashton-Miller , J. A. , Alexander , N. B. and Schultz , A. B. 1994b . Effects of age and available response time on ability to step over an obstacle . Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences , 49 : M227 – M233 .
  • Chen , H. C. , Schultz , A. B. , Ashton-Miller , J. A. , Giordani , B. , Alexander , N. B. and Guire , K. E. 1996 . Stepping over obstacles: Dividing attention impairs performance of old more than young adults . Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences , 51A : M116 – M122 .
  • Chou , L. S. and Draganich , L. F. 1997 . Stepping over an obstacle increases the motions and moments of the joints of the trailing limb in young adults . Journal of Biomechanics , 30 : 331 – 337 .
  • Chou , L. S. and Draganich , L. F. 1998 . Increasing obstacle height and decreasing toe-obstacle distance affects the joint moments of the stance limb differentially when stepping over an obstacle . Gait and Posture , 8 : 186 – 204 .
  • Cohen , G. and Martin , M. 1975 . Hemisphere differences in an auditory Stroop test . Perception & Psychophysics , 17 : 79 – 83 .
  • Dault , M. C. , Frank , J. S. and Allard , F. 2001 . Influence of a visuo-spatial, verbal and central executive working memory task on postural control . Gait and Posture , 14 ( 2 ) : 110 – 116 .
  • Davis , P. R. 1983 . Human factors contributing to slips, trips and falls . Ergonomics , 26 : 51 – 59 .
  • Ghez , C. 1991 . “ Muscles: Effectors of the motor system ” . In Principles of neural science , Edited by: Kandel , E. R. , Schwartz , J. H. and Jessell , T. M. 548 – 563 . New York : Elsevier .
  • Kahneman , D. 1973 . Attention and effort , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Kerr , B. , Condon , S. M. and McDonald , L. A. 1985 . Cognitive spatial processing and the regulation of posture . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 11 : 617 – 622 .
  • Lajoie , Y. , Teasdale , N. , Bard , C. and Fleury , M. 1993 . Attentional demands for static and dynamic equilibrium . Experimental Brain Research , 97 : 139 – 144 .
  • Lajoie , Y. , Teasdale , N. , Bard , C. and Fleury , M. 1996a . “ Attentional demands for walking ” . In Changes in sensory motor behavior in aging , Edited by: Ferrandez , A. M. and Teasdale , N. 235 – 256 . Amsterdam : North-Holland .
  • Lajoie , Y. , Teasdale , N. , Bard , C. and Fleury , M. 1996b . Upright standing and gait: Are there changes in attentional requirements related to normal aging? . Experimental Aging Research , 22 : 185 – 198 .
  • Lundin-Olsson , L. , Nyberg , L. and Gustafson , Y. 1997 . ‘Slops walking when talking’ as a predictor of falls in elderly people . The Lancet , 349 : 617
  • Maylor , E. A. and Wing , A. M. 1996 . Age differences in postural stability are increased by additional cognitive demands . Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences , 51B : P143 – P154 .
  • McFadyen , B. J. , Magnan , G. A. and Boucher , J. P. 1993 . Anticipatory locomotor adjustments for avoiding visible, fixed obstacles of varying proximity . Human Movement Sciences , 12 : 259 – 272 .
  • McFadyen , B. J. and Winter , D. A. 1991 . Anticipatory locomotor adjustments during obstructed human walking . Neuroscience Research Communications , 9 : 37 – 44 .
  • Mochon , S. and McMahon , T. A. 1980 . Ballistic walking . Journal of Biomechanics , 13 : 49 – 57 .
  • Mulder , Th. , Berndt , H. , Pauwels , J. and Nienhuis , B. 1993 . “ Sensorimotor adaptability in the elderly and disabled ” . In Sensorimotor impairment in the elderly , Edited by: Stelmach , G. E. and Homberg , V. 413 – 426 . Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Kluwer .
  • Patla , A. E. 1997 . Understanding the roles of vision in the control of human locomotion . Gait & Posture , 5 : 54 – 69 .
  • Patla , A. E. and Prentice , S. D. 1995 . The role of active forces and intersegmental dynamics in the control of limb trajectory over obstacles during locomotion in humans . Experimental Brain Research , 106 : 499 – 504 .
  • Patla , A. E. , Prentice , S. D. , Martin , C. and Rietdyk , S. 1992 . “ The bases of selection of alternate foot placement during locomotion in humans ” . In Posture and gait: Control mechanisms , Edited by: Woollacott , M. and Horak , F. 226 – 229 . Eugene : University of Oregon Press .
  • Patla , A. E. , Prentice , S. D. , Rietdyk , S. , Allard , F. and Martin , C. 1999 . What guides the selection of alternate foot placement during locomotion in humans? . Experimental Brain Research , 128 : 441 – 450 .
  • Patla , A. E. , Prentice , S. D. , Robinson , C. and Neufeld , J. 1991 . Visual control of locomotion: Strategies for changing direction and for going over obstacles . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 17 : 603 – 634 .
  • Patla , A. E. and Rietdyk , S. 1993 . Visual control of limb trajectory over obstacles during locomotion: Effect of obstacle height and width . Gait & Posture , 1 : 45 – 60 .
  • Patla , A. E. , Rietdyk , S. , Martin , C. and Prentice , S. 1996 . Locomotor patterns of the leading and the trailing limbs as solid and fragile obstacles are stepped over: Some insights into the role of vision during locomotion . Journal of Motor Behavior , 28 : 35 – 47 .
  • Perry , S. D. and Patla , A. E. 2001 . “ On-line adjustments to body center of mass and limb elevation to suddenly changing obstacle height ” . In Control of posture and gait , Edited by: Duysens , J. , Smits-Engelsman , B. C. M. and Kingma , H. 170 – 174 . Amersfoort, The Netherlands : Nederlands Paramedisch Institut .
  • Sanders , A. F. 1998 . Elements of human performance: Reaction processes and attention in human skills , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Sanders , A. F. and Koster , W. 1969 . Attention and performance II . Acta Psychologica , 30 (whole volume)
  • Schillings , A. M. , Van Wezel , B. M. H. and Duysens , J. 1996 . Mechanically induced stumbling during human treadmill walking . Journal of Neuroscience Methods , 67 : 11 – 17 .
  • Schillings , A. M. , Van Wezel , B. M. H. , Mulder , Th. and Duysens , J. 1999 . Widespread short-latency stretch reflexes and their modulation during stumbling over obstacles . Brain Research , 816 : 480 – 486 .
  • Schillings , A. M. , Van Wezel , B. M. H. , Mulder , Th. and Duysens , J. 2000 . Muscular responses and movement strategies during stumbling over obstacles . Journal of Neurophysiology , 83 : 2093 – 2102 .
  • Shumway-Cook , A. , Woollacott , M. , Kerns , K. A. and Baldwin , M. 1997 . The effects of two types of cognitive tasks on postural stability in older adults with and without a history of falls . Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences , 52A : M232 – M240 .
  • Stelmach , G. E. , Zelaznik , H. N. and Lowe , D. 1990 . The influence of aging and attentional demands on recovery from postural instability . Aging (Milano) , 2 : 155 – 161 .
  • Teasdale , N. , Bard , C. , LaRue , J. and Fleury , M. 1993 . On the cognitive penetrability of posture control . Experimental Aging Research , 19 : 1 – 13 .
  • Van Galen , G. P. and van Huygevoort , M. 2000 . Error, stress, and the role of neuromotor noise in space oriented behaviour . Biological Psychology , 51 : 151 – 171 .
  • Van Galen , G. P. and de Jong , W. P. 1995 . Fitts' law as the outcome of a dynamic noise filtering model of motor control . Human Movement Sciences , 14 : 539 – 572 .
  • Van Gemmert , A. W. A. and van Galen , G. P. 1997 . Stress, neuromotor noise and human performance: A theoretical perspective . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 23 : 1299 – 1313 .
  • Van Gemmert , A. W. A. and van Galen , G. P. 1998 . Auditory stress effects on preparation and execution of graphical aiming: A test of the neuromotor noise concept . Acta Psychologica , 98 : 81 – 101 .
  • Weinberg , R. S. and Hunt , V. V. 1976 . The interrelationships between anxiety, motor performance and electromyography . Journal of Motor Behavior , 8 : 219 – 224 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.