Pro- and Antisaccades: Dissociating Stimulus and Response Influences the Online Control of Saccade Trajectories

REFERENCES

• Becker , W. and Fuchs , A. F. 1969 . Further properties of the human saccadic system: Eye movements and correction saccades with and without visual fixation points . Vision Research , 9 : 1247 – 1258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binsted , G. and Heath , M. 2004 . Can the motor system utilize a stored representation to control movement? . Behavioral and Brain Research , 27 : 25 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Brainard , D. H. 1997 . The psychophysics toolbox . Spatial Vision , 10 : 433 – 436 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dafoe , J. M. , Armstrong , I. T. and Munoz , D. P. 2007 . The influence of stimulus direction and eccentricity on pro- and anti-saccades in humans . Experimental Brain Research , 179 : 563 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day , B. L. and Lyon , I. N. 2000 . Voluntary modification of automatic arm movements evoked by motion of a visual target . Experimental Brain Research , 130 : 159 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desmurget , M. , Epstein , C. M. , Turner , R. S. , Prablanc , C. , Alexander , G. E. and Grafton , S. T. 1999 . Role of the posterior parietal cortex in updating reaching movements to a visual target . Nature Neuroscience , 2 : 563 – 567 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyckman , K. A. and McDowell , J. E. 2005 . Behavioral plasticity of antisaccade performance following daily practice . Experimental Brain Research , 162 : 63 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Elliott , D. , Binsted , G. and Heath , M. 1999 . The control of goal-directed limb movements: Correcting errors in the trajectory . Human Movement Science , 18 : 121 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everling , S. , Dorris , M. C. , Klein , R. M. and Munoz , D. P. 1999 . Role of primate superior colliculus in preparation and execution of anti-saccades and pro-saccades . Journal of Neuroscience , 19 : 2740 – 2754 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everling , S. , Dorris , M. C. and Munoz , D. P. 1998 . Reflex suppression in the anti-saccade task is dependent on prestimulus neural processes . Journal of Neurophysiology , 80 : 1584 – 1589 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer , B. and Weber , H. 1992 . Characteristics of “anti” saccades in man . Experimental Brain Research , 89 : 415 – 424 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitts , P. M. 1954 . The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 47 : 381 – 391 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fitts , P. M. and Seeger , C. M. 1953 . S-R compatibility: Spatial characteristics of stimulus and response codes . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 46 : 199 – 210 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ford , K. A. , Goltz , H. C. , Brown , M. R. and Everling , S. 2005 . Neural processes associated with antisaccade task performance investigated with event-related FMRI . Journal of Neurophysiology , 94 : 429 – 440 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaveau , V. , Martin , O. , Prablanc , C. , Pélisson , D. , Urquizar , C. and Desmurget , M. 2003 . Online modification of saccadic eye movements by retinal signals . Neuroreport , 14 : 875 – 878 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaveau , V. , Pélisson , D. , Blangero , A. , Urquizar , C. , Prablanc , C. Vighetto , A. 2008 . Saccade control and eye-hand coordination in optic ataxia . Neuropsychologia , 46 : 475 – 486 .
   Google Scholar
• Glover , S. and Dixon , P. 2001 . The role of vision in the on-line correction of illusion effects on action . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 55 : 96 – 103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gnadt , J. W. , Bracewell , R. M. and Anderson , R. A. 1991 . Sensorimotor transformation during eye movements to remembered visual targets . Vision Research , 31 : 693 – 715 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gréa , H. , Pisella , L. , Rossetti , Y. , Desmurget , M. , Tilikete , C. Grafton , S. 2002 . A lesion of the posterior parietal cortex disrupts on-line adjustments during aiming movements . Neuropsychologia , 40 : 2471 – 2480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallett , P. E. 1978 . Primary and secondary saccades to goals defined by instructions . Vision Research , 18 : 1279 – 1296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath , M. 2005 . Role of limb and target vision in the online control of memory-guided reaches . Motor Control , 9 : 281 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath , M. , Dunham , K. , Binsted , G. and Godbolt , B. 2010 . Antisaccades exhibit diminished online control relative to prosaccades . Experimental Brain Research , 203 : 743 – 752 .
   Google Scholar
• Heath , M. , Maraj , A. , Gradkowski , A. and Binsted , G. 2009 . Antipointing is mediated by a perceptual bias of target location in left and right visual space . Experimental Brain Research , 192 : 275 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath , M. , Neely , K. , Krigolson , O. and Binsted , G. 2010 . “ Memory-guided reaching: What the visuomotor system knows and how long it knows it ” . In Vision and goal-directed reaching: Neurobehavioral perspectives , Edited by: Elliott , D. and Kahn , M. 79 – 96 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Heath , M. , Weiler , J. , Marriott , K. and Welsh , T. N. 2011 . Vector inversion diminishes the online control of antisaccades . Experimental Brain Research , 209 : 117 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath , M. , Westwood , D. A. and Binsted , G. 2004 . The control of memory-guided reaching movements in peripersonal space . Motor Control , 8 : 76 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hikosaka , O. and Wurtz , R. H. 1985 . Modification of saccadic eye movements by gaba-related substances. I. Effect of muscimol and bicuculline in monkey superior colliculus . Journal of Neurophysiology , 53 : 266 – 291 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hikosaka , O. and Wurtz , R. H. 1986 . Saccadic eye movements following injection of lidocaine into the superior colliculus . Experimental Brain Research , 61 : 531 – 549 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , H. , Van Beers , R. J. and Haggard , P. 2002 . Action and awareness in pointing tasks . Experimental Brain Research , 146 : 451 – 459 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , M. A. , Elliot , D. , Coull , J. , Chua , R. and Lyons , J. 2002 . Optimal control strategies under different feedback schedules: Kinematic evidence . Journal of Motor Behavior , 34 : 45 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , M. A. and Franks , I. M. 2000 . The effect of practice on component submovements is dependent on the availability of visual feedback . Journal of Motor Behavior , 32 : 227 – 240 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornblum , S. , Hasbroucq , T. and Osman , A. 1990 . Dimensional overlap: Cognitive basis for stimulus-response compatibility—a model and taxonomy . Psychological Review , 97 : 253 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krappmann , P. , Everling , S. and Flohr , H. 1998 . Accuracy of visually and memory-guided antisaccades in man . Vision Research , 38 : 2979 – 2985 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lueck , C. J. , Tenyeri , S. , Crawford , T. J. , Henderson , L. and Kennard , C. 1990 . Antisaccades and remembered saccades in Parkinson's disease . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 53 : 284 – 288. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messier , J. and Kalaska , J. F. 1999 . Comparison of variability of initial kinematics and endpoints of reaching movements . Experimental Brain Research , 125 : 139 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon , S. Y. , Barton , J. J. , Mikulski , S. , Polli , F. E. , Cain , M. S. Vangel , M. 2007 . Where left becomes right: A magnetoencephalographic study of sensorimotor transformation for antisaccades . Neuroimage , 36 : 1313 – 1323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz , D. P. and Everling , S. 2004 . Look away: The anti-saccade task and the voluntary control of eye movement . Nature Reviews. Neuroscience , 5 : 218 – 228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neely , K. A. , Tessmer , A. , Binsted , G. and Heath , M. 2008 . Goal-Directed reaching: Movement strategies influence the weighting of allocentric and egocentric visual cues . Experimental Brain Research , 186 : 375 – 384 .
   Google Scholar
• Olk , B. and Kingstone , A. 2003 . Why are antisaccades slower than prosaccades? A novel finding using a new paradigm . Neuroreport , 14 : 151 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierrot-Deseilligny , C. , Müri , R. M. , Ploner , C. J. , Gaymard , B. and Rivaud-Péchoux , S. 2003 . Cortical control of ocular saccades in humans: A model for motricity . Progress in Brain Research , 142 : 3 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisella , L. , Gréa , H. , Tilikete , C. , Vighetto , A. , Desmurget , M. Rode , G. 2000 . An ‘automatic pilot’ for the hand in human posterior parietal cortex: Toward reinterpreting optic ataxia . Nature Neuroscience , 3 : 729 – 736 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisella , L. , Sergio , L. , Blangero , A. , Torchin , H. , Vighetto , A. and Rossetti , Y. 2009 . Optic ataxia and the function of the dorsal stream: Contributions to perception and action . Neuropsychologia , 47 : 3033 – 3044 .
   Google Scholar
• Prablanc , C. and Martin , O. 1992 . Automatic control during hand reaching at undetected two-dimensional target displacements . Journal of Neurophysiology , 67 : 455 – 469 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuter , B. , Jäger , M. , Bottlender , R. and Kathmann , N. 2007 . Impaired action control in schizophrenia: The role of volitional saccade initiation . Neuropsychologia , 45 : 1840 – 1848 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossetti , Y. , Revol , P. , McIntosh , R. , Pisella , L. , Rode , G. Danckert , J. 2005 . Visually guided reaching: Bilateral posterior parietal lesions cause a switch from fast visuomotor to slow cognitive control . Neuropsychologia , 43 : 162 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheth , B. R. and Shimojo , S. 2001 . Compression of space in visual memory . Vision Research , 41 : 329 – 341 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit , A. C. , Van Gisbergen , J. A. and Cools , A. R. 1987 . A parametric analysis of human saccades in different experimental paradigms . Vision Research , 27 : 1745 – 1762 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unsworth , N. , Spillers , G. J. , Brewer , G. A. and McMillan , B. 2011 . Attention control and the antisaccade task: A response time distribution analysis . Acta Psychologica , 137 : 90 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Werf , J , Jensen , O. , Fries , P. and Medendorp , W. P. 2008 . Gamma-Band activity in human posterior parietal cortex encodes the motor goal during delayed prosaccades and antisaccades . Journal of Neuroscience , 28 : 8397 – 8405 .
   Google Scholar
• West , G. L. , Welsh , T. N. and Pratt , J. 2009 . Saccadic trajectories receive online correction: Evidence for a feedback-based system of oculomotor control . Journal of Motor Behavior , 41 : 117 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , J. M. , Sparks , D. L. and Stanford , T. R. 1994 . Saccades to remembered target locations: An analysis of systematic and variable errors . Vision Research , 34 : 79 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , M. and Barash , S. 2000 . Neuronal switching of sensorimotor transformations for antisaccades . Nature , 408 : 971 – 975 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar