Effects of the Central Executive on Postural Control

REFERENCES

• Allali, G., Assal, F., Kressig, R. W., Dubost, V., Herrmann, F. R., & Beauchet, O. (2008). Impact of impaired executive function on gait stability. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 26, 364–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohannon, R. W., & Leary, K. M. (1995). Standing balance and function over the course of acute rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 76, 994–946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, L. A., Sleik, R. J., & Winder, T. R. (2002). Attentional demands for static postural control after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83, 1732–1735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colflesh, G. J. H., & Conway, A. R. A. (2007). Individual differences in working memory capacity and divided attention in dichotic listening. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 699–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, A. R. A., Cowan, N., & Bunting, M. F. (2001). The cocktail party phenomenon revisited: The importance of working memory capacity. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 8, 331–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, A. R. A., Kane, M. J., Bunting, M. F., Hambrick, D. Z., Wilhelm, O., & Engle, R. W. (2005). Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and user's guide. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 769–789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 450–466.
   Google Scholar
• Doumas, M., Rapp, M. A., & Krampe, R. T. (2009). Working memory and postural control: Adult age differences in potential for improvement, task priority, and dual tasking. The Journals of Gerontology Series B, 64, 193–201.
   Google Scholar
• Doumas, M., Smolders, C., & Krampe, R. T. (2008). Task prioritization in aging: Effects of sensory information on concurrent posture and memory performance. Experimental Brain Research, 187, 275–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engle, R. W., Kane, M. J., & Tuholski, S. W. (1999). Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention, general fluid intelligence and functions of the prefrontal cortex. In A. Miyake, & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control (pp. 102–134). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haggard, P., Cockburn, J., Cock, J., Fordham, C., & Wade, D. (2000). Interference between gait and cognitive tasks in a rehabilitating neurological population. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 69, 479–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huxhold, O., Li, S. C., Schmiedek, F., & Lindenberger, U. (2006). Dual-tasking postural control: Aging and the effects of cognitive demand in conjunction with focus of attention. Brain Research Bulletin, 69, 294–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane, M. J., Bleckley, M. K., Conway, A. R., & Engle, R. W. (2001). A controlled-attention view of working-memory capacity. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 130, 169–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, B., Condon, S. M., & McDonald, L. A. (1985). Cognitive spatial processing and the regulation of posture. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 11, 617–622.
   Google Scholar
• Koechlin, E., Basso, G., Pietrini, P., Panzer, S., & Grafman, J. (1999). The role of the anterior prefrontal cortex in human cognition. Nature, 399, 148–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajoie, Y., Teasdale, N., Bard, C., & Fleury, M. (1993). Attentional demands for static and dynamic equilibrium. Experimental Brain Research, 97, 139–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajoie, Y., Teasdale, N., Bard, C., & Fleury, M. (1996). Upright standing and gait: Are there changes in attentional requirements related to normal aging? Experimental Aging Research, 22, 185–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipsitz, L. A. (2002). Dynamics of stability: The physiological basis of functional health and frailty. Journals of Gerontology: Biological Sciences, 57A, B115–B125.
   Google Scholar
• Long, D. L., & Prat, C. S. (2002). Working memory and Stroop interference: An individual differences investigation. Memory & Cognition, 30, 294–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luks, T. L., Simpson, G. V., Dale, C. L., & Hough, M. G. (2007). Preparatory allocation of attention and adjustments in conflict processing. Neuroimage, 35, 949–958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, A. W., Cohen, J. D., Stenger, V. A., & Carter, C. S. (2000). Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control. Science, 9, 288, 1835–1838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masson, M. E., & Miller, J. A. (1983). Working memory and individual differences in comprehension and memory of text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 314–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCulloch, K. (2007). Attention and dual-task conditions: Physical therapy implications for individuals with acquired brain injury. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 31, 104–118.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McNevin, N. H., & Wulf, G. (2002). Attentional focus on supra-postural affects postural control. Human Movement Science, 21, 187–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihara, M., Miyai, I., Hatakeyama, M., Kubota, K., & Sakoda, S. (2008). Role of the prefrontal cortex in human balance control. Neuroimage, 43, 329–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montero-Odasso, M., Bergman, H., Phillips, N. A., Wong, C. H., Sourial, N., & Chertkow, H. (2009). Dual-tasking and gait in people with mild cognitive impairment: The effect of working memory. BMC Geriatrics, 9, 41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norman, D. A., & Bobrow, D. G. (1975). On data-limited and resource-limited processes. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 44–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osaka, M., Nishizaki, Y., Komori, M., & Osaka, N. (2002). Effect of focus on verbal working memory: Critical role of the focus word in reading. Memory & Cognition, 30, 562–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osaka, N., & Osaka, M. (2002). Individual differences in working memory during reading with and without parafoveal information: A moving-window study. American Journal of Psychology, 115, 501–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osaka, N., Osaka, M., Kondo, H., Morishita, M., Fukuyama, H., & Shibasaki, H. (2004). The neural basis of executive function in working memory: An fMRI study based on individual differences. NeuroImage, 21, 623–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pashler, H. (1994). Dual-task interference in simple tasks: Data and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 220–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapp, M., Krampe, R. T., & Baltes, P. B. (2006). Adaptive task prioritization in aging: Selective resource allocation to postural control is preserved in Alzheimer disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 52–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe, J., Friston, K., Frackowiak, R., & Passingham, R. (2002). Attention to action: Specific modulation of corticocortical interactions in humans. NeuroImage, 17, 988–998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royall, D. R., Palmer, R., Chiodo, L. K., & Polk, M. J. (2004). Declining executive control in normal aging predicts change in functional status: The Freedom House Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52, 346–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruhe, A., Fejer, R., & Walker, B. (2010). The test-retest reliability of center of pressure measures in bipedal static task conditions—a systematic review of the literature. Gait & Posture, 32, 436–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruthruff, E., Pashler, H. E., & Klaassen, A. (2001). Processing bottlenecks in dual-task performance: Structural limitation or strategic postponement? Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 8, 73–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (1999). Motor control and learning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Sheridan, P. L, Solomont, J., Kowall, N., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2003). Influence of executive function on locomotor function: Divided attention increases gait variability in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 1633–1637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumway-Cook, A., & Woollacott, M. (2000). Attentional demands and postural control: The effect of sensory context. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences, 55, M10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siu, K. C., & Woollacott, M. (2007). Attentional demands of postural control: The ability to selectivity allocate information-processing resources. Gait & Posture, 25, 121–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparrow, W. A., Bradshaw, E. J., Lamoureux, E., & Tirosh, O. (2002). Ageing effects on the attention demands of walking. Human Movement Science, 21, 961–972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stark, S. L., Roe, C. M., Grant, E. A., Hollingsworth, H., Benzinger, T. L., Fagan, A. M., & Morris, J. C. (2013). Preclinical Alzheimer disease and risk of falls. Neurology, 81, 437–443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643–662.
   Google Scholar
• Teasdale, N., Bard, C., LaRue, J., & Fleury, M. (1993). On the cognitive penetrability of postural control. Experimental Aging Research, 19, 1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tombu, M., & Jolicoeur, P. (2003). A central capacity sharing model of dual-task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 29, 3–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuillermea, N., Nougiera, V., & Teasdale, N. (2000). Effects of a reaction time task on postural control in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 291, 77–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickens, C. D. (2002). Multiple resources and performance prediction. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics, 3, 159–177.
   Google Scholar
• Woollacott, M., & Shumway-Cook, A. (2002). Attention and the control of posture and gait: A review of an emerging area of research. Gait & Posture, 16, 1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yogev-Seligmann, G., Hausdorff, J. M., & Giladi, N. (2008). The role of executive function and attention in gait. Movement Disorders, 23, 329–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar