413
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Effects of Backpack Carriage on Dual-Task Performance in Children During Standing and Walking

, , , &
Pages 500-508 | Received 16 Jul 2015, Accepted 03 Jan 2016, Published online: 24 Jun 2016

REFERENCES

  • Berard, J. R., & Vallis, L. A. (2006). Characteristics of single and double obstacle avoidance strategies: A comparison between adults and children. Experimental Brain Research, 175, 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0529-0
  • Boonyong, S., Siu, K. C., van Donkelaar, P., Chou, L. S., & Woollacott, M. H. (2012). Development of postural control during gait in typically developing children: The effects of dual-task conditions. Gait & Posture, 35, 428–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.11.002
  • Brackley, H. M., Stevenson, J. M., & Selinger, J. C. (2009). Effect of backpack load placement on posture and spinal curvature in prepubescent children. Work, 32, 351–360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2009-0833
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1994). Applications manual for the revised NIOSH lifting equation (pp. 1–164). Cincinnati: US Dept HHS, PHS, NIOSH, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/94-110/. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/94-110/pdfs/94-110.pdf
  • Cherng, R. J., Liang, L. Y., Hwang, I. S., & Chen, J. Y. (2007). The effect of a concurrent task on the walking performance of preschool children. Gait & Posture, 26, 231–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.09.004
  • Chow, D. H., Kwok, M. L., Au-Yang, A. C., Holmes, A. D., Cheng, J. C., Yao, F. Y., & Wong, M. S. (2005). The effect of backpack load on the gait of normal adolescent girls. Ergonomics, 48, 642–656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140130500070921
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Connolly, B. H., Cook, B., Hunter, S., Laughter, M., Mills, A., Nordtvedt, N., & Bush, A. (2008). Effects of backpack carriage on gait parameters in children. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 20, 347–355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0b013e31818a0f8f
  • Craik, F. I. M., & Bialystok, E. (2006). Cognition through the lifespan: mechanisms of change. TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 131–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.01.007
  • Demura, S., Uchiyama, M., Yamada, T., & Nagasawa, Y. (2005). Effect of bag holding on the center of foot pressure and the lower leg muscle activities. European Journal of Sports Science, 5, 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17461390500175261
  • Diamond, A. (2002). Normal development of Prefrontal Cortex from birth to young adulthood: Cognitive Functions, Anatomy, and Biochemistry. In D. T. Stuss & R. T. Knight (Eds.), Principles of frontal lobe function (pp. 466–503). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Gillette, J. C., Stevermer, C. A., Miller, R. H., Meardon, S. A., & Schwab, C. V. (2010). The effects of age and type of carrying task on lower extremity kinematics. Ergonomics, 53, 355–364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140130903402234
  • Hirschfeld, H., & Forssberg, H. (1992). Development of anticipatory postural adjustments during locomotion in children. Journal of Neurophysiology, 68, 542–550.
  • Huang, H., Mercer, V. S., & Thorpe, D. E. (2003). Effects of different concurrent cognitive tasks on temporal-distance gait variables in children. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 15, 105–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.PEP.0000067886.96352.6B
  • Huang, H. J., & Mercer, V. S. (2001). Dual-task methodology: applications in studies of cognitive and motor performance in adults and children. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 13, 133–140.
  • Kovacs, A. J., Muhlbauer, T., & Shea, C. H. (2009). The coding and effector transfer of movement sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35, 390–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012733
  • Krampe, R. T., Schaefer, S., Lindenberger, U., & Baltes, P. B. (2011). Lifespan changes in multi-tasking: Concurrent walking and memory search in children, young, and older adults. Gait & Posture, 33, 401–405.
  • Kressig, R. W., Beauchet, O., & European, G. N. G. (2006). Guidelines for clinical applications of spatio-temporal gait analysis in older adults. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 18, 174–176.
  • Lienhard, K., Schneider, D., & Maffiuletti, N. A. (2013). Validity of the Optogait photoelectric system for the assessment of spatiotemporal gait parameters. Medical Engineering & Physics, 35, 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.06.015
  • Muehlbauer, T., Besemer, C., Wehrle, A., Gollhofer, A., & Granacher, U. (2013). Relationship between strength, balance and mobility in children aged 7–10 years. Gait & Posture, 37, 108–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.06.022
  • Muehlbauer, T., Panzer, S., & Shea, C. H. (2007). The transfer of movement sequences: Effects of decreased and increased load. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (Hove), 60, 770–778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210701210957
  • Muehlbauer, T., Roth, R., Mueller, S., & Granacher, U. (2011). Intra and intersession reliability of balance measures during one-leg standing in young adults. Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 25, 2228–2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181fb393b
  • Negrini, S., Carabalona, R., & Sibilla, P. (1999). Backpack as a daily load for schoolchildren. Lancet, 354, 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04520-1
  • Pashler, H. (1994). Dual-task interference in simple tasks: data and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 220–244.
  • Pau, M., Corona, F., Leban, B., & Pau, M. (2011). Effects of backpack carriage on foot-ground relationship in children during upright stance. Gait & Posture, 33, 195–199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.10.096
  • Pau, M., Kim, S., & Nussbaum, M. A. (2012). Does load carriage differentially alter postural sway in overweight vs. normal-weight schoolchildren? Gait & Posture, 35, 378–382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.10.354
  • Pau, M., Mandaresu, S., Leban, B., & Nussbaum, M. A. (2015). Short-term effects of backpack carriage on plantar pressure and gait in schoolchildren. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.11.006
  • Peterson, M. L., Christou, E., & Rosengren, K. S. (2006). Children achieve adult-like sensory integration during stance at 12-years-old. Gait & Posture, 23, 455–463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.05.003
  • Riach, C. L., & Hayes, K. C. (1987). Maturation of postural sway in young children. Developments in Medicine and Child Neurology, 29, 650–658.
  • Shaki, S., & Fischer, M. H. (2014). Random walks on the mental number line. Experimental Brain Research, 232, 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3718-7
  • Shea, C. H., Kovacs, A. J., & Panzer, S. (2011). The coding and inter-manual transfer of movement sequences. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00052
  • Shultz, S. P., D'Hondt, E., Lenoir, M., Fink, P. W., & Hills, A. P. (2014). The role of excess mass in the adaptation of children's gait. Human Movement Science, 36, 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2014.05.002
  • Singh, T., & Koh, M. (2009). Effects of backpack load position on spatiotemporal parameters and trunk forward lean. Gait & Posture, 29, 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.06.006
  • Srygley, J. M., Mirelman, A., Herman, T., Giladi, N., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2009). When does walking alter thinking? Age and task associated findings. Brain Research, 1253, 92–99.
  • Vincent, W. J. (2005). Statistics in kinesiology (3rd Rev. Ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Wagner, M. O., Bös, K., Jekauc, D., Karger, C., Mewes, N., Oberger, J., . . . Woll, A. (2013). Cohort Profile: The Motorik-Modul longitudinal study: Physical fitness and physical activity as determinants of health development in German children and adolescents. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43, 1410–1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt098
  • Whitall, J. (1991). The developmental effect of concurrent cognitive and locomotor skills: time-sharing from a dynamic perspective. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 51, 245–266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(91)90035-Q
  • Wickens, C. D. (1984). Processing resources in attention. In R. Parasuraman & D. R. Davies (Eds.), Varieties of attention (pp. 63–102). New York, NY: Academic Press Inc.
  • Winter, D. A., Prince, F., Frank, J. S., Powell, C., & Zabjek, K. F. (1996). Unified theory regarding A/P and M/L balance in quiet stance. Journal of Neurophysiology, 75, 2334–2343.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.