Speed and Rhythm Affect Temporal Structure of Variability in Reaching Poststroke: A Pilot Study

References

• American Heart Association. (2016). Heart disease and stroke statistics—update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 133, e168–e169.
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein, N. A. (1967). The co-ordination and regulation of movements. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bobath, B. (1990). Adult hemiplegia: Evaluation and treatment (3rd ed.). Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Cirstea, M. C., & Levin, M. F. (2000). Compensatory strategies for reaching in stroke. Brain, 123, 940–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corti, M., McGuirk, T. E., Wu, S. S., & Patten, C. (2012). Differential effects of power training versus functional task practice on compensation and restoration of arm function after stroke, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 26, 842–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davids, K., Button, C., & Benett, S. (2008). Dynamics of skill acquisition: A constraints led approach. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, W. E., & Burton, A. W. (1991). Ecological task analysis: Translating movement behavior theory into practice. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 8, 154–177.
   Google Scholar
• DeJong, S. L., Schaefer, S. Y., & Lang, C. E. (2012). Need for speed: Better movement quality during faster task performance after stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 26, 362–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dounskaia, N., Wisleder, D., & Johnson, T. (2005). Influence of biomechanical factors on substructure of pointing movements. Experimental Brain Research, 164, 505–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fugl-Meyer, A. R., Jaasko, L., Leyman, I., Olsson, S., & Steglind, S. (1975). Poststroke hemiplegic patient. 1. Method for evaluation of physical performance. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 7, 13–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harbourne, R. T., & Stergiou, N. (2009). Movement variability and the use of nonlinear tools: Principles to guide physical therapist practice response. Physical Therapy, 89, 284–285. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20080130.ar
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm, S. (1979). A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 6, 65–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horak, F. B. (1991). Assumptions underlying mototr control for neurologic rehabilitation. in M. J. Lister (Ed.), Contemporary management of motor control problems: Proceedings of the II Step Conference (pp. 11–27). Alexandria, VA: Foundations for Physical Therapy.
   Google Scholar
• Jang, S. H., Kim, Y. H., Cho, S. H., Lee, J. H., Park, J. W., & Kwon, Y. H. (2003). Cortical reorganization induced by task-oriented training in chronic hemiplegic stroke patients. Neuroreport, 14, 137–141. doi: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000051544.96524.f2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamm, K., Thelen, E., & Jensen, J. L. (1990). A dynamical systems approach to motor development. Physical Therapy, 70, 763–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, D., & Staffin, P. (1996). Software for heart rate variability. Retrieved from http://www.macalester.edu/∼kaplan/hrv/doc/
   Google Scholar
• Kelso, J. A. S. (1984). Phase-transitions and critical-behavior in human bimanual coordination. American Journal of Physiology, 246, 1000–1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitago, T., Liang, J., Huang, V. S., Hayes, S., Simon, P., Tenteromano, L., … Krakauer, J. W. (2013). Improvement after constraint-induced movement therapy: Recovery of normal motor control or task-specific comepnsation? Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 27, 99–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwakkel, G., & Kollen, B. (2007). Predicting improvement in the upper paretic limb after stroke: A longitudinal prospective study. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 25, 453–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwakkel, G., Kollen, B. J., van der Grond, J., & Prevo, A. J. (2003). Probability of regaining dexterity in the flaccid upper limb: Impact of severity of paresis and time since onset in acute stroke. Stroke, 34, 2181–2186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyvelidou, A., Harbourne, R., Shostrom, V. K., & Stergiou, N. (2010). Reliability of center of pressure measures for assessing the development of sitting postural control in infants with or at risk of cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 91, 1593–1601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, M. F., Kleim, J. A., & Wolf, S. L. (2009). What do motor “recovery” and “compensation” mean in patients following stroke? Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 23, 313–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liepert, J., Graef, S., Uhde, I., Leidner, O., & Weiller, C. (2000). Training-induced changes of motor cortex representations in stroke patients. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 101, 321–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodha, N., Naik, S. K., Coombes, S. A., & Cauraugh, J. H. (2010). Force control and degree of motor impairments in chronic stroke. Clinical Neurophysiology, 121, 1952–1961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malcolm, M. P., Massie, C., & Thaut, M. (2009). Rhythmic auditory-motor entrainment improves hemiparetic arm kinematics during reaching movements: A pilot study. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 16, 69–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mark, L. S., Nemeth, K., Gardner, D., Dainoff, M. J., Paasche, J., Duffy, M., & Grandt, K. (1997). Postural dynamics and the preferred critical boundary for visually guided reaching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 1365–1379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, S., & Newell, K. M. (2012). Aging, neuromuscular decline, and the change in physiological and behavioral complexity of upper-limb movement dynamics. Journal of Aging Research, 8, 912–18.
   Google Scholar
• Newell, K. M. (1976). More on absolute error, etc. Jounral of Motor Behavior, 8, 139–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newell, K. M., & Corcos, D. M. (2003). Variability and motor control. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Newell, K. M., & Slikfin, A. B. (1998). The nature of movement variability. in J. P. Piek (Ed.), Motor behavior and human skill: A multidisciplinary perspective (pp. 143–160). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Olsen, T. S. (1990). Arm and leg paresis as outcome predictors in stroke rehabilitation. Stroke, 21, 247–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, T. S., Bishop, M. D., McGuirk, T. E., Sethi, A., & Richards, L. G. (2011). Reliability of upper extremity kinematics while performing different tasks in individuals with stroke. Journal of Motor Behavior, 43, 121–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincus, S. M., Gladstone, I. M., & Ehrenkranz, R. A. (1991). A regularity statistic for medical data-analysis. Jounral of Clinical Monitoring, 7, 335–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapp, P. E., Albano, A. M., Schmah, T. I., & Farwell, L. A. (1993). Filtered noise can mimic low-dimensional chaotic attractors. Physical Review E., Statistical Physics, Plasmas Fluids and Related Interdisciplinary Topics, 47, 2289–2297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossignol, S., & Jones, G. M. (1976). Audio-spinal influence in man studied by the H-reflex and its possible role on rhythmic movements synchronized to sound. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 41, 83–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sawaki, L., Butler, A. J., Leng, X., Wassenaar, P. A., Mohammad, Y. M., Blanton, S., … Wittenberg, G. F. (2008). Constraint-induced movement therapy results in increased motor map area in participants 3 to 9 months after stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 22, 505–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholz, J. P. (1990). Dynamic pattern theory–some implications for therapeutics. Physical Therapy, 70, 827–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slifkin, A. B., & Newell, K. M. (1999). Noise, information transmission, and force variability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception Performance, 25, 837–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sethi, A., Davis, S., McGuirk, T., Patterson, T. S., & Richards, L. G. (2013). Effect of intense functional task traiing upon temporal structure of variability of upper extremity poststroke. Journal of Hand Therapy, 26, 132–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sethi, A., Patterson, T., McGuirk, T., Patten, C., Richards, L. G., & Stergiou, N. (2013). Temporal structure of variability decreases in upper extremity movements poststroke. Clinical Biomechanics, 28, 134–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stergiou, N., Buzzi, U. G., Kurz, M. S., & Heidel, J. (2004). Nonlinear tools in human movement. in N. Stergiou (Ed.), Innovative analysis of human movement (pp. 63–90). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Stergiou, N., & Decker, L. M. (2011). Human movement variability, nonlinear dynamics, and pathology: Is there a connection? Human Movement Sciences, 30, 869–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stergiou, N., Moraiti, C., Giakas, G., Ristanis, S., & Georgoulis, A. D. (2004). The effect of the walking speed on the stability of the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee. Clinical Biomechanics, 19, 957–963.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stergiou, N., Harbourne, R., & Cavanaugh, J. (2006). Optimal movement variability: A new theoretical perspective for neurologic physical therapy. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 30, 120–129.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thaut, M. H., Kenyon, G. P., Hurt, C. P., McIntosh, G. C., & Hoemberg, V. (2002). Kinematic optimization of spatiotemporal patterns in paretic arm training with stroke patients. Neuropsychologia, 40, 1073–1081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaut, M. H., Kenyon, G. P., Schauer, M. L., & McIntosh, G. C. (1999). The connection between rhythmicity and brain function. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 18, 101–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theiler, J., Eubank, S., Longtin, A., Galdrikian, B., & Farmer, J. D. (1992). Testing for nonlinearity in time-series: the method of surrogate data. Physica D, 58, 77–94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaillancourt, D. E., & Newell, K. M. (2002). Changing complexity in human behavior and physiology through aging and disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 23, 1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, J. M., Rhodes, J. A., & Patten, C. (2008). Reproducibility and minimal detectable change of three-dimensional kinematic analysis of reaching tasks in people with hemiparesis after stroke. Physical Therapy, 88, 652–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf, S. L., Catlin, P. A., Ellis, M., Archer, A. L., Morgan, B., & Piacentino, A. (2001). Assessing Wolf motor function test as outcome measure for research in patients after stroke. Stroke, 32, 1635–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf, S. L., Winstein, C. J., Miller, J. P., Taub, E., Uswatte, G., Morris, D., … Nichols-Larsen, D. (2006). Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on upper extremity function 3 to 9 months after stroke - The EXCITE randomized clinical trial. Jama, 296, 2095–2104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar