Adaptation of Reactive Saccades is Influenced by Unconscious Priming of the Attention Focus

REFERENCES

• Alahyane, N., Koene, A., & Pélisson, D. (2004). Transfer of adaptation from visually guided saccades to averaging saccades elicited by double visual targets. European Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 827–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alahyane, N., Salemme, R., Urquizar, C., Cotti, J., Guillaume, A., Vercher, J. L., & Pélisson, D. (2007). Oculomotor plasticity: Are mechanisms of adaptation for reactive and voluntary saccades separate? Brain Research, 1135, 107–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype-activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 230–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, W., & Jürgens, R. (1979). An analysis of the saccadic system by means of double step stimuli. Vision Research, 19, 967–983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beurskens, R., & Bock, O. (2012). Age-related decline of peripheral visual processing: The role of eye movements. Experimental Brain Research, 217, 117–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock, O. (2005). Components of sensorimotor adaptation in young and elderly subjects. Experimental Brain Research, 160, 259–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock, O., Grigorova, V., & Ilieva, M. (2013). Double-step adaptation of saccadic eye movements is influenced by priming with age stereotypies. Psychology, 4, 1014–1017.
   Google Scholar
• Bock, O., Ilieva, M., & Grigorova, V. (2014). Effects of old age and resource demand on double-step adaptation of saccadic eye movements. Experimental Brain Research, 232, 2821–2826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock, O., Schmitz, G., & Grigorova, V. (2008). Transfer of adaptation between ocular saccades and arm movements. Human Movement Science, 27, 383–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borisova, S., & Grigorova, V. (2015). Effect of global/local attention priming on saccadic eye movement adaptation in elder and young persons: Preliminary results. Comptes rendus de l'Academie bulgare des sciences, 68(9), 1161–1166.
   Google Scholar
• Broadbent, D. E. (1954). The role of auditory localization in attention and memory span. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 191–196.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buch, E. R., Young, S., & Contreras-Vidal, J. L. (2003). Visuomotor adaptation in normal aging. Learning and Memory, 10, 55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1996). Automatic activation of impression formation and memorization goals: Nonconscious goal priming reproduces effects of explicit task instructions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 464–478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deubel, H. (1987). Adaptivity of gain and direction in oblique saccades. In J. K. O'Regan & A. Levy-Schoen (Eds.), Eye movements: From physiology to cognition (pp. 181–190). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• DeWall, C. N., & Bushman, B. J. (2009). Hot under the collar in a lukewarm environment: Words associated with hot temperature increase aggressive thoughts and hostile perceptions. J Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1045–1047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doré-Mazars, K., & Collins, T. (2005). Saccadic adaptation shifts the pre-saccadic attention focus. Experimental Brain Research, 162, 537–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksen, C. W., & James, J. D. S. (1986). Visual attention within and around the field of focal attention: A zoom lens model. Perception and Psychophysics, 40, 225–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eversheim, U., & Bock, O. (2001). Evidence for processing stages in skill acquisition: A dual-task study. Learning and Memory, 8, 183–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frens, M. A., & van Opstal, A. J. (1994). Transfer of short-term adaptation in human saccadic eye movements. Experimental Brain Research, 100, 293–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gancarz, G., & Grossberg, S. (1999). A neural model of saccadic eye movement control explains task-specific adaptation. Vision Research, 39, 3123–3143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grigorova, V., Bock, O., Borisova, S., Ilieva, M., & Schmitz, G. (2010). Double-step adaptation of saccade directions. Comparison of constant and saccade-triggered interstep intervals. Comptes rendus de l'Academie bulgare des sciences, 63, 157–162.
   Google Scholar
• Grigorova, V., Petkova, G., & Bock, O. (2006). On the distribution of attention in a visuo-manual adaptation task. Experimental Brain Research, 175, 754–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hüttermann, S., Bock, O., & Memmert, D. (2012). The breadth of attention in old age. Ageing Research, 4, 67–70.
   Google Scholar
• Hüttermann, S., Bock, O., & Memmert, D. (2014). Subliminal primes for global or local processing influence judgments of vehicular traffic. Consciousness and Cognition, 29, 230–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hüttermann, S., Memmert, D., & Bock, O. (2012). Semantic priming of attention focus: Evidence for short- and long-term effects. Psychology, 3, 128–131.
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, H. A., van Donkelaar, P., Cole, J., Vercher, J. L., Gauthier, G. M., & Miall, R. C. (2000). The role of proprioception and attention in a visuomotor adaptation task. Experimental Brain Research, 132, 114–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahnemann, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Kirchner, C., Völker, I., & Bock, O. L. (2015) Priming with age stereotypes Influences the performance of elderly workers. Psychology, 6, 133–137.
   Google Scholar
• Levesque, C., & Pelletier, L. G. (2003). On the investigation of primed and chronic autonomous and heteronomous motivational orientations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1570–1584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madden, D. J., Connelly, S. L., & Pierce, T. W. (1994). Adult age differences in shifting focused attention. Psychology of Aging, 9, 528–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAvinue, L. P., Habekost, T., Johnson, K. A., Kyllingsbæk, S., Vangkilde, S., Bundesen, C., & Robertson, I. H. (2012). Sustained attention, attentional selectivity, and attentional capacity across the lifespan. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74, 1570–1582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, S. C. (1967). Parametric adjustment in saccadic eye movements. Perception and Psychophysics, 2, 359–362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNay, E., & Willingham, D. (1998). Deficit in learning of a motor skill requiring strategy, but not of perceptualmotor recalibration, with aging. Learning Memory, 4, 411–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, N. G., Bartelt, O. A., Donner, T. H., Villringer, A., & Brandt, S. A. (2003). A physiological correlate of the “zoom lens” of visual attention. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 3561–3565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navon, D. (1977). Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception. Cognitive Psychology, 9, 353–383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner, M. I. (1980). Orientating of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabbitt, P. (1965). An age-decrement in the ability to ignore irrelevant information. Journal of Gerontology, 20, 233–238.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Redding, G., Clark, S., & Wallace, B. (1985). Attention and prism adaptation. Cognitive Psychology, 17, 1–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, L. C., Egly, R., Lamb, M. R., & Kerth, L. (1993). Spatial attention and cuing to global and local levels of hierarchical structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 19, 471–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki, Y., Hadjikhani, N., Fischl, B., Liu, A. K., Marret, S., Dale, A. M., & Tootell, R. B. H. (2001). Local and global attention are mapped retinotopically in human occipital cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 2077–2082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz, G., Bock, O., Grigorova, V., & Ilieva, M. (2010). Adaptation of eye and hand movements to target displacements of different size. Experimental Brain Research, 203, 479–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekuler, R., Bennett, P. J., & Mamelak, M. (2000). Effests of aging on the useful field of view. Experimental Aging Research, 26, 103–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickens, C. D. (1991). Processing resources and attention. In D. L. Damos (Ed.), Multiple task performance (pp. 3–34). London, England: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, L. E., Bargh, J. A., Nocera, C. C., & Gray, J. R. (2009). The unconscious regulation of emotion: Nonconscious reappraisal goals modulate emotional reactivity. Emotion, 9, 847–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar