Rate of Torque Development and Feedforward Control of the Hip and Knee Extensors: Gender Differences

REFERENCES

• Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Andersen, J. L., Magnusson, P., & Dyhre-Poulsen, P. (2002). Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93, 1318–1326. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00283.2002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt, E., & Dick, R. (1995). Knee injury patterns among men and women in collegiate basketball and soccer. NCAA data and review of literature. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 23, 694–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, D., Wilson, G., & Carlyon, B. (1994). Generality versus specificity: A comparison of dynamic and isometric measures of strength and speed-strength. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 68, 350–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellumori, M., Jaric, S., & Knight, C. A. (2011). The rate of force development scaling factor (RFD-SF): Protocol, reliability, and muscle comparisons. Experimental Brain Research, 212, 359–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2735-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bencke, J., & Zebis, M. K. (2011). The influence of gender on neuromuscular pre-activity during side-cutting. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 21, 371–375. https://doi.org/S1050-6411(10)00167-7 [pii] 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.10.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bien, D. P. (2011). Rationale and implementation of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention warm-up programs in female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25, 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181fb4a5a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackburn, J. T., Bell, D. R., Norcross, M. F., Hudson, J. D., & Engstrom, L. A. (2009). Comparison of hamstring neuromechanical properties between healthy males and females and the influence of musculotendinous stiffness. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 19, e362–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.08.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blazevich, A. J., Horne, S., Cannavan, D., Coleman, D. R., & Aagaard, P. (2008). Effect of contraction mode of slow-speed resistance training on the maximum rate of force development in the human quadriceps. Muscle Nerve. Sep; 38(3), 1133–46.
   Google Scholar
• Cavanagh, P. R., & Komi, P. V. (1979). Electromechanical delay in human skeletal muscle under concentric and eccentric contractions. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 42, 159–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappell, J. D., Creighton, R. A., Giuliani, C., Yu, B., & Garrett, W. E. (2007). Kinematics and electromyography of landing preparation in vertical stop-jump: Risks for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35, 235–241. https://doi.org/0363546506294077 [pii] 10.1177/0363546506294077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, P. B., Ryan, E. D., Herda, T. J., Walter, A. A., Hoge, K. M., & Cramer, J. T. (2010). Acute effects of passive stretching on the electromechanical delay and evoked twitch properties. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108, 301–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1214-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowling, E. J., & Steele, J. R. (2001). Is lower limb muscle synchrony during landing affected by gender? Implications for variations in ACL injury rates. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 11, 263–268. https://doi.org/S1050-6411(00)00056-0 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Ruiter, C. J., Kooistra, R. D., Paalman, M. I., & de Haan, A. (2004). Initial phase of maximal voluntary and electrically stimulated knee extension torque development at different knee angles. J Appl Physiol (1985), 97, 1693–1701. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00230.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeMorat, G., Weinhold, P., Blackburn, T., Chudik, S., & Garrett, W. (2004). Aggressive quadriceps loading can induce noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32, 477–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditroilo, M., Forte, R., Benelli, P., Gambarara, D., & De Vito, G. (2010). Effects of age and limb dominance on upper and lower limb muscle function in healthy males and females aged 40–80 years. Journal of Sports Science, 28, 667–677. https://doi.org/921310348 [pii] 10.1080/02640411003642098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draganich, L. F., & Vahey, J. W. (1990). An in vitro study of anterior cruciate ligament strain induced by quadriceps and hamstrings forces. Journal of Orthopedic Research, 8, 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100080107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dufek, J. S., & Bates, B. T. (1991). Biomechanical factors associated with injury during landing in jump sports. Sports Medicine, 12, 326–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebben, W. P., Fauth, M. L., Petushek, E. J., Garceau, L. R., Hsu, B. E., Lutsch, B. N., & Feldmann, C. R. (2010). Gender-based analysis of hamstring and quadriceps muscle activation during jump landings and cutting. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24, 408–415. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c509f4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehring, D., Melnyk, M., & Gollhofer, A. (2009). Gender and fatigue have influence on knee joint control strategies during landing. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon), 24, 82–87. https://doi.org/S0268-0033(08)00237-4 [pii] 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosset, J. F., Piscione, J., Lambertz, D., & Perot, C. (2009). Paired changes in electromechanical delay and musculo-tendinous stiffness after endurance or plyometric training. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 105, 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0882-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruber, M., Gruber, S. B., Taube, W., Schubert, M., Beck, S. C., & Gollhofer, A. (2007). Differential effects of ballistic versus sensorimotor training on rate of force development and neural activation in humans. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21, 274–282. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-20085.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakkinen, K., Komi, P. V., & Alen, M. (1985). Effect of explosive type strength training on isometric force- and relaxation-time, electromyographic and muscle fibre characteristics of leg extensor muscles. Acta Physiological Scandinavica, 125, 587–600.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hannah, R., Folland, J. P., Smith, S. L., & Minshull, C. (2015). Explosive hamstrings-to-quadriceps force ratio of males versus females. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 115, 837–847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-3063-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannah, R., Minshull, C., Buckthorpe, M. W., & Folland, J. P. (2012). Explosive neuromuscular performance of males versus females. Experimental Physiology, 97, 618–629. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2011.063420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannah, R., Minshull, C., Smith, S. L., & Folland, J. P. (2014). Longer electromechanical delay impairs hamstrings explosive force versus quadriceps. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 46(5), 963–72. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000188
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, A. M., Padua, D. A., Troy Blackburn, J., Prentice, W. E., & Hirth, C. J. (2008). Muscle activation during side-step cutting maneuvers in male and female soccer athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 43, 133–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinert, B. L., Kernozek, T. W., Greany, J. F., & Fater, D. C. (2008). Hip abductor weakness and lower extremity kinematics during running. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 17, 243–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horita, T., Komi, P. V., Nicol, C., & Kyrolainen, H. (2002). Interaction between pre-landing activities and stiffness regulation of the knee joint musculoskeletal system in the drop jump: Implications to performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 88, 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-002-0673-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izquierdo, M., Aguado, X., Gonzalez, R., Lopez, J. L., & Hakkinen, K. (1999). Maximal and explosive force production capacity and balance performance in men of different ages. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 79, 260–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollock, R., Van Lunen, B. L., Ringleb, S. I., & Onate, J. A. (2015). Measures of functional performance and their association with hip and thigh strength. Journal of Athletic Training, 50, 14–22. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krosshaug, T., Nakamae, A., Boden, B. P., Engebretsen, L., Smith, G., Slauterbeck, J. R., & Bahr, R. (2007). Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: Video analysis of 39 cases. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35, 359–367. https://doi.org/0363546506293899 [pii] 10.1177/0363546506293899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuitunen, S., Komi, P. V., & Kyrolainen, H. (2002). Knee and ankle joint stiffness in sprint running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, 166–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landry, S. C., McKean, K. A., Hubley-Kozey, C. L., Stanish, W. D., & Deluzio, K. J. (2009). Gender differences exist in neuromuscular control patterns during the pre-contact and early stance phase of an unanticipated side-cut and cross-cut maneuver in 15–18 years old adolescent soccer players. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 19, e370–379. https://doi.org/S1050-6411(08)00125-9 [pii] 10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.08.004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lauer, R. T., & Prosser, L. A. (2009). Use of the teager-kaiser energy operator for muscle activity detection in children. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 37, 1584–1593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-009-9727-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G., Rudy, T. W., Sakane, M., Kanamori, A., Ma, C. B., & Woo, S. L. (1999). The importance of quadriceps and hamstring muscle loading on knee kinematics and in-situ forces in the ACL. Journal of Biomechanics, 32, 395–400. https://doi.org/S002192909800181X [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., Zhou, P., & Aruin, A. S. (2007). Teager-Kaiser energy operation of surface EMG improves muscle activity onset detection. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 35, 1532–1538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-007-9320-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markolf, K. L., O'Neill, G., Jackson, S. R., & McAllister, D. R. (2004). Effects of applied quadriceps and hamstrings muscle loads on forces in the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32, 1144–1149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503262198 0363546503262198 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendiguchia, J., Ford, K. R., Quatman, C. E., Alentorn-Geli, E., & Hewett, T. E. (2011). Sex differences in proximal control of the knee joint. Sports Medicine, 41, 541–557. https://doi.org/10.2165/11589140-000000000-000002 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myklebust, G., Engebretsen, L., Braekken, I. H., Skjolberg, A., Olsen, O. E., & Bahr, R. (2003). Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team handball players: A prospective intervention study over three seasons. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 13, 71–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagano, Y., Ida, H., Akai, M., & Fukubayashi, T. (2007). Gender differences in knee kinematics and muscle activity during single limb drop landing. Knee, 14, 218–223. https://doi.org/S0968-0160(06)00214-6 [pii] 10.1016/j.knee.2006.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollard, C. D., Sigward, S. M., & Powers, C. M. (2010). Limited hip and knee flexion during landing is associated with increased frontal plane knee motion and moments. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon), 25, 142–146. https://doi.org/S0268-0033(09)00244-7 [pii] 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powers, C. M. (2010). The influence of abnormal hip mechanics on knee injury: A biomechanical perspective. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 40, 42–51. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahaly, R., Vandewalle, H., Driss, T., & Monod, H. (2001). Maximal voluntary force and rate of force development in humans–importance of instruction. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 85, 345–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigward, S. M., Pollard, C. D., & Powers, C. M. (2011). The influence of sex and maturation on landing biomechanics: Implications for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 22, 502–509. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01254.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solnik, S., DeVita, P., Rider, P., Long, B., & Hortobagyi, T. (2008). Teager-kaiser operator improves the accuracy of EMG onset detection independent of signal-to-noise ratio. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 10, 65–68. https://doi.org/101194794 [pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solnik, S., Rider, P., Steinweg, K., DeVita, P., & Hortobagyi, T. (2010). Teager-kaiser energy operator signal conditioning improves EMG onset detection. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 110, 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1521-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stearns, K. M., Keim, R. G., & Powers, C. M. (2013). Influence of relative hip and knee extensor muscle strength on landing biomechanics. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45, 935–941. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827c0b94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillin, N. A., Jimenez-Reyes, P., Pain, M. T., & Folland, J. P. (2010). Neuromuscular performance of explosive power athletes versus untrained individuals. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 42, 781–790. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181be9c7e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cutsem, M., Duchateau, J., & Hainaut, K. (1998). Changes in single motor unit behaviour contribute to the increase in contraction speed after dynamic training in humans. Journal of Physiology, 513, 295–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dieen, J. H., Thissen, C. E., van de Ven, A. J., & Toussaint, H. M. (1991). The electro-mechanical delay of the erector spinae muscle: influence of rate of force development, fatigue and electrode location. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 63, 216–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vint, P. F., McLean, S. P., & Harron, G. M. (2001). Electromechanical delay in isometric actions initiated from nonresting levels. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 978–983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zebis, M. K., Andersen, L. L., Ellingsgaard, H., & Aagaard, P. (2011). Rapid hamstring/quadriceps force capacity in male vs. female elite soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25, 1989–1993. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e501a6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar