Control of a Whole-Body Task with Uncertain Initial Conditions: Application to the Upstart On Bars

References

• Bartlett, R., Wheat, J., & Robins, M. (2007). Is movement variability important for sports biomechanists? Sports Biomechanics, 6, 224–243. doi: 10.1080/14763140701322994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begon, M., Wieber, P-B., & Yeadon, M.R. (2008). Kinematics estimation of straddled movements on high bar from a limited number of skin markers using a chain model. Journal of Biomechanics, 41, 581–586. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bevan, R., & Corser T. (1969). Biomechanical study of gymnastic movements. The Gymnast, March, 30.
   Google Scholar
• Carroll, D.L. (2001). FORTRAN genetic algorithm driver. http://cuaerospace.com/carroll.ga.html
   Google Scholar
• Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). (2017). Code of points. F.I.G.
   Google Scholar
• Forrester, S.E., Yeadon, M.R., King, M.A., & Pain, M.T.G. (2011). Comparing different approaches for determining joint torque parameters from isovelocity dynamometer measurements. Journal of Biomechanics, 44, 955–961. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.11.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukushima, S., & Russell, W. (1980). Men’s gymnastics. Faber & Faber.
   Google Scholar
• Grierson, L.E.M., & Elliott, D. (2008). Kinematic analysis of goal-directed aims made against early and late perturbations: An investigation of the relative influence of two online control processes. Human Movement Science, 27, 839–856. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2008.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gymnastics HQ. (2016). How to do a kip. https://gymnasticshq.com/how-to-do-a-kip/
   Google Scholar
• Hamill, J., van Emmerik, R.E.A., Heiderscheit, B.C., & Li, L. (1999). A dynamical systems approach to lower extremity running injuries. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 14, 297–308. doi: 10.1016/S0268-0033(98)90092-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiley, M.J., Schmid, N., & Yeadon, M.R. (2019). How do technique and coordination change during learning of a whole-body task: Application to the upstart in gymnastics. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37, 2374–2380. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1634413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiley, M.J. & Yeadon, M.R. (2003). Optimum technique for generating angular momentum in accelerated backward giant circles prior to a dismount. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 19, 119–130. doi: 10.1123/jab.19.2.119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiley, M.J. & Yeadon, M.R. (2012). Achieving consistent performance in a complex whole body movement: The Tkatchev on high bar. Human Movement Science, 31, 834–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiley, M.J., & Yeadon, M.R. (2013). Investigating optimal technique in a noisy environment: application to the upstart on uneven bars. Human Movement Science, 32, 181–191. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2012.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiley, M.J., & Yeadon, M.R. (2014). Determining the solution space for a co-ordinated whole body movement in a noisy environment: application to the upstart in gymnastics. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 30, 508–513. doi: 10.1123/jab.2013-0282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiley, M.J. and Yeadon, M.R. (2016). The role of functional variability in a whole body co-ordinated movement - Application to high bar giant circles. Human Movement Science, 49, 95–103. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.06.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagacinski, R.J. & Flach, J.M. (2003). Control theory for humans: Quantitative approaches to modeling performance. Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• James, C.R. (2004). Considerations of movement variability in biomechanical research. In N. Stergiou (Ed.), Innovative analyses of human movement – 2004 (pp. 29–62). Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Lai, Q., Shea, C.H., Wulf, G. & Wright, D.L. (2000). Optimizing generalized motor program and parameter learning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71, 10–24. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2000.10608876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miall, R.C., & Wolpert, D.M. (1996). Forward models for physiological motor control. Neural Networks, 9, 1265–1279. doi: 10.1016/S0893-6080(96)00035-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newell, K.M. (2003). Schema theory (1975): Retrospectives and prospectives. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74, 383–388. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2003.10609108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preatoni, E., Hamill, J., Harrison, A.J., Hayes, K., Van Emmerik, R.E.A., Wilson, C., & Rodano, R. (2013). Movement variability and skills monitoring in sports. Sports Biomechanics, 12, 69–92. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2012.738700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Readhead, L. (1987). Men’s gymnastics coaching manual. Springfield Books.
   Google Scholar
• Sayyah, M., Hiley, M.J., King M.A. & Yeadon, M.R. (2018). Functional variability in the flight phase of one metre springboard forward dives. Human Movement Science, 59, 234–243. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.04.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, R.A. (1975). A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. Psychological Review, 82, 225–260. doi: 10.1037/h0076770
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, R.A. (2003). Motor schema theory after 27 years: Reflections and implications for a new theory. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74, 366–375. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2003.10609106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, D.C. (1977). A preliminary attempt to determine the duration of a motor program. In D.M. Landers & R.W. Christina (Eds.), Psychology of motor behaviour and sport – 1976 (pp. 17–24). Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Shea, C.H. & Wulf, G. (2005). Schema Theory: A critical appraisal and reevaluation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 73, 85–102. doi: 10.3200/JMBR.37.2.85-102
   Google Scholar
• Summers, J.J. (1975). The role of timing in motor program representation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 7, 229–241. doi: 10.1080/00222895.1975.10735040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Beers, R.J., Haggard, P., & Wolpert, D.M. (2004). The role of execution noise in movement variability. Journal of Neurophysiology, 91, 1050–1063. doi: 10.1152/jn.00652.2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulf, G., Lee, T.D., & Schmidt, R.A. (1994). Reducing knowledge of results about relative versus absolute timing: Differential effects on learning. Journal of Motor behaviour, 26, 362–369. doi: 10.1080/00222895.1994.9941692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolpert, D.M. (1997). Computational approaches to motor control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1, 209–216. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(97)01070-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, G.A., & Jennings, L.S. (1979). On the use of spline functions for data smoothing. Journal of Biomechanics, 12, 477–479. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(79)90033-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamasaki, T., Gotoh, K., & Xin, X. (2010). Optimality of a kip performance on the high bar: An example of skilled goal-directed whole-body movement. Human Movement Science, 29, 464–482. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2009.11.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar