Loss of caudal autotomy during ontogeny of Balkan Green Lizard, Lacerta trilineata

References

• Aerts , P. , Van Damme , R. , Vanhooydonck , B. , Zaaf , A. and Herrel , A. 2000 . Lizard locomotion: how morphology meets ecology. . Netherlands Journal of Zoology , 50 : 261 – 278 .
   Google Scholar
• Alexis , M. , Paparaskeva‐Papoutsoglou , E. and Theochari , V. 1985 . Formulation of practical diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gardneri) made by partial or complete substitution of fish meal by poultry by‐products. . Aquaculture , 50 : 61 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold , E. N. 1973 . Relationships of the Palaearctic lizards assigned to the genera Lacerta, Algyroides and Psammodromus (Reptilia: Lacertidae). . Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) , 25 : 289 – 366 .
   Google Scholar
• Arnold , E. N. 1984 . Evolutionary aspects of tail shedding in lizards and their relatives. . Journal of Natural History , 18 : 127 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold , E. N. 1987 . Resource partitions among lacertid lizards in southern Europe. . Journal of Zoology , 1 : 739 – 782 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold , E. N. 1988 . “ Caudal autotomy as a defense. ” . In Biology of the Reptilia 16. Ecology B: Defense and life history , Edited by: Gans , C and Huey , R. B . 235 – 273 . New York : Alan R. Liss .
   Google Scholar
• Arnold , E. N. 1989 . Towards a phylogeny and biogeography of the Lacertidae: relations within an Old‐World family of lizards derived from morphology. . Bulletin of British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) , 55 : 209 – 257 .
   Google Scholar
• Arnold , E. N. 1993 . “ Phylogeny and the Lacertidae. ” . In Lacertids of the Mediterranean region: a biological approach , Edited by: Valakos , E. D , Boehme , W , Perez‐Mellado , V and Maragou , P . 1 – 16 . Athens : Hellenic Zoological Society .
   Google Scholar
• Arnold , E. N. and Ovenden , D. W. 2004 . Reptiles and amphibians of Britain and Europe , Glasgow, UK : Harper Collins Manufacturing .
   Google Scholar
• Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour . 2006 . Guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioural research and teaching. . Animal Behaviour , 71 : 245 – 253 .
   Google Scholar
• Avery , R. A. 1970 . Utilization of caudal fat by hibernating common lizards, Lacerta vivipara. . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , 37 : 119 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avery , R. A. 1974 . Storage lipids in the lizard Lacerta vivipara: a quantitative study. . Journal of Zoology , 173 : 419 – 425 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballinger , R. E. , Nietfeldt , J. W. and Krupta , J. J. 1979 . An experimental analysis of the role of the tail in attaining high running speed in Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Reptilia: Squamata: Sauria). . Herpetologica , 35 : 114 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauwens , D. 1981 . Survivorship during hibernation in the European common lizard, Lacerta vivipara. . Copeia , 1981 : 741 – 744 .
   Google Scholar
• Bellairs , D. A. and Bryant , S. V. 1985 . “ Autotomy and regeneration in reptiles. ” . In Biology of the Reptilia 15. Development , Edited by: Gans , B. C and Billet , F . 301 – 410 . New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , A. F. and Dawson , W. R. 1972 . Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during activity in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis. . Journal of Comparative Physiology , 80 : 86 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , A. F. and Licht , P. 1972 . Anaerobic metabolism during activity in lizards. . Journal of Comparative Physiology , 81 : 277 – 288 .
   Google Scholar
• Brashares , J. , Garland , TJr. and Arcese , P. 2000 . The ecology, behavior, and phylogeny of the African antelope. . Behavioral Ecology , 11 : 452 – 463 .
   Google Scholar
• Brattstrom , B. H. 1965 . Body temperatures of reptiles. . American Midland Naturalist , 73 : 76 – 422 .
   Google Scholar
• Bustard , H. R. 1968 . Temperature dependent tail autotomy mechanism in gekkonid lizards. . Herpetologica , 24 : 127 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Chapple , D. G. , McCoull , C. J. and Swain , R. 2002 . Changes in reproductive investment following caudal autotomy in viviparous skinks (Niveoscincus metallicus): lipid depletion or energetic diversion? . Journal of Herpetology , 36 : 480 – 486 .
   Google Scholar
• Chapple , D. G. and Swain , R. 2002 . Effect of caudal autotomy on locomotor performance in a viviparous skink, Niveoscincus metallicus. . Functional Ecology , 16 : 817 – 825 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloudsley‐Thompson , J. L. 1994 . Predation and defense amongst reptiles , Somerset, UK : R and A Taunton .
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , L. M. 1979 . Variation in the Madeira wall lizard Lacerta dugesii. . Journal of Zoology , 187 : 327 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , W. E. , Perez‐Mellado , V. and Vitt , L. J. 2004 . Ease and effectiveness of costly autotomy vary with predation intensity among lizard populations. . Journal of Zoology , 262 : 243 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels , C. B. 1984 . The importance of caudal lipids in the gecko Phyllodactylus marmoratus. . Herpetologica , 40 : 337 – 344 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels , C. B. , Flaherty , S. P. and Simbotwe , M. P. 1986 . Tail size and effectiveness of autotomy in a lizard. . Journal of Herpetology , 20 : 93 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dial , B. E. and Fitzpatrick , L. C. 1981 . The energetic costs of tail autotomy to reproduction in the lizard Coleonyx brevis (Sauria: Gekkonidae). . Oecologia (Berlin) , 51 : 310 – 317 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dial , B. E. and Fitzpatrick , L. C. 1983 . Lizard tail autotomy: function and energetics of postautotomy tail movement in Scincella lateralis. . Science , 219 : 391 – 393 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doughty , P. and Shine , R. 1998 . Reproductive energy allocation and long‐term energy stores in a viviparous lizard (Eulamprus tympanum). . Ecology , 79 : 1073 – 1083 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doughty , P. , Shine , R. and Lee , M. S. Y. 2003 . Energetic costs of tail loss in a montane scincid lizard. . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , 135 : 215 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Fox , S. F. , Heger , N. A. and Delay , L. S. 1990 . Social cost of tail loss in Uta stansburiana: lizard tail as status signaling badges. . Animal Behaviour , 39 : 549 – 554 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox , S. F. and McCoy , J. K. 2000 . The effect of tail loss on survival, growth, reproduction, and sex ratio of offspring in the lizard Uta stansburiana in the field. . Oecologia , 122 : 327 – 334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox , S. F. and Rostker , M. A. 1982 . Social cost of tail loss in Uta stansburiana. . Science , 218 : 692 – 693 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland , TJr. , Midford , P. E. , Jones , J. A. , Dickerman , A. N. and Diaz‐Uriarte , R. 2002 . PDAP: Phenotypic diversty analysis programs Version 6.0. Available at: http://www.biology.ucr.edu/people/faculty/Garland/PDAP.html
   Google Scholar
• Garland , TJr. , Dickerman , A. W. , Janis , C. M. and Jones , J. A. 1993 . Phylogenetic analysis of covariance by computer simulation. . Systematic Biology , 42 : 265 – 292 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland , TJr. , Martin , K. L. M. and Diaz‐Uriarte , R. 1997 . “ Reconstructing ancestral trait values using squared‐change parsimony: plasma osmolarity at the origin of amniotes. ” . In Amniote origins: completing the transition to land , Edited by: Sumida , S. S and Martin , K. L. M . 425 – 501 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gleeson , T. T. 1982 . Lactate and glycogen metabolism during and after exercise in the lizard Sceleporus occidentalis. . Journal of Comparative Physiology , 146 : 79 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Gleeson , T. T. 1996 . Post‐exercise lactate metabolism: a comparative review of sites, pathways, and regulation. . Annual Reviews of Physiology , 58 : 565 – 581 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleeson , T. T. and Bennett , A. F. 1982 . Acid‐base imbalance in lizards during activity and recovery. . Journal of Experimental Biology , 98 : 439 – 453 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gleeson , T. T. and Dalessio , P. M. 1989 . Lactate and glycogen metabolism in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis following exhaustive exercise. . Journal of Experimental Biology , 144 : 377 – 393 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould , S. L. 1983 . A life and death tail. . Natural History , 1983 : 12 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Greene , W. H. 1988 . “ Antipredator mechanisms in reptiles. ” . In Biology of the Reptilia 16. Ecology B: defense and life history , Edited by: Gans , C and Huey , R. B . 1 – 152 . New York : Alan R. Liss .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , D. J. , Arnold , E. N. and Thomas , R. H. 1998 . Relationships of lacertid lizards (Reptilia: Lacertidae) estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphology. . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Bulletin , 265 : 1939 – 1948 .
   Google Scholar
• Hohorst , H. J. 1965 . “ L‐ (+) lactate determination with lactate dehydrogonase and DNP. ” . In Methods of enzymatic analysis , Edited by: Bergmeyer , H. U . 266 – 270 . New York and London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Huey , R. B. and Pianka , E. 1981 . Ecological consequences of foraging mode. . Ecology , 62 : 991 – 999 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jameson , E. W. 1974 . Fat and breeding cycles in a mountain population of Sceleporus graciousus. . Journal of Herpetology , 8 : 311 – 322 .
   Google Scholar
• Karasov , W. H. and Anderson , R. A. 1984 . Interhabitat differences in energy acquisition and expenditure in a lizard. . Ecology , 65 : 235 – 247 .
   Google Scholar
• Lambrecht , I. H. D. , Matuschka , F. and Schaarschmidt , B. 1991 . Microcalorimetric investigations on the energy metabolism of lizards. . Journal of Experimental Biology , 156 : 375 – 385 .
   Google Scholar
• Layne , E. 1957 . Spectrophotometric and turbidimetric methods for measuring proteins. . Methods in Enzymology , 10 : 447 – 455 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkmus , R. 1982 . Ungewohnliche Fluchtreaktion einer Lacerta lepida (Reptilia: Sauria: Lacertidae) [An unusual escape reaction of a Lacerta lepida (Reptilia, Sauria: Lacertidae lizard]. . Salamandra , 18 : 71 – 83 . German
   Google Scholar
• Martin , J. and Avery , R. A. 1998 . Effects of tail loss on the movement patterns of the lizard, Psammodromus algirus. . Functional Ecology , 12 : 794 – 802 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , J. and Salvador , A. 1993a . Tail loss reduces mating success in the Iberian rock‐lizard, Lacerta monticola. . Oikos , 65 : 328 – 333 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , J. and Salvador , A. 1993b . Tail loss reduces mating success in the Iberian rock‐lizard. . Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology , 32 : 185 – 189 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , J. and Salvador , A. 1995 . Effects of tail loss on activity patterns of rock lizards, Lacerta monticola. . Copeia , 1995 : 984 – 988 .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , W. , Richter , K. and Kammel , W. 1990 . Kartierung der Herpetofauna des Beckens von Feneos (Griechenlan: Nord‐Peloponnes) [Mapping of the herpetofauna of the Feneos‐Basin (Greece, North‐Peloponnese)]. . Herpetozoa , 2 : 87 – 106 . German
   Google Scholar
• McConnachie , S. and Whiting , M. J. 2003 . Costs associated with tail autotomy in an ambush foraging lizard, Cordylus melanotus melanotus. . African Zoology , 38 : 57 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medel , R. G. , Jimenez , J. E. , Fox , S. F. and Jaksic , F. M. 1988 . Experimental evidence that high population frequencies of lizard tail autotomy indicate inefficient predation. . Oikos , 53 : 321 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , V. , Preest , M. R. and Lochetto , S. M. 2002 . Physiology of original and regenerated lizard tails. . Herpetologica , 58 : 75 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nettmann , H. K. and Rykena , S. 1984 . “ Lacerta trilineata (Bedriaga, 1886) ‐ Riesensmaragdeidechse [Balkan green lizard] ” . In Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Echsen (Sauria) II , Edited by: Böhme , W . 100 – 128 . Wiesbaden : AULA‐Verlag . German
   Google Scholar
• Pafilis , P. 2003 . Adaptations of lacertids based on their thermal biology, metabolic rate and phylogenetic history [PhD thesis] , [Athens] : University of Athens .
   Google Scholar
• Pafilis , P. , Valakos , E. D. and Foufopoulos , J. 2005 . Comparative postautotomy tail activity in six Mediterranean lacertid species. . Physiological and Biochemical Zoology , 78 : 828 – 838 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez‐Mellado , V. , Corti , C. and Lo Cascio , P. 1997 . Tail autotomy and extinction in Mediterranean lizards. A preliminary study of continental and insular populations. . Journal of Zoology , 243 : 553 – 541 .
   Google Scholar
• Punzo , F. 1982 . Tail autotomy and running speed in the lizards Cophosaurus texanus and Uma notata. . Journal of Herpetology , 16 : 329 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvador , A. , Martin , J. and Lopez , P. 1995 . Tail loss reduces home range size and access to females in male lizards (Psammodromus algirus). . Behavioural Ecology , 6 : 382 – 387 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvador , A. , Martin , J. , Lopez , P. and Veiga , J. 1996 . Long‐term effect of tail loss on home‐ range size and access to females in male lizards (Psammodromus algirus). . Copeia , 1996 : 208 – 209 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Damme , R. , Aerts , P. and Vanhooydonck , B. 1998 . Variation in morphology, gait characteristics and speed of locomotion in two populations of lizards. . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 63 : 409 – 427 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Damme , R. , Bawens , D. and Verheyen , R. F. 1986 . Selected body temperatures in the lizard Lacerta vivipara: variation within and between populations. . Journal of Thermal Biology , 11 : 219 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitt , L. J. , Congdom , J. D. and Dickson , N. A. 1977 . Adaptive strategies and energetics of tail autotomy in lizards. . Ecology , 58 : 326 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitt , L. J. and Cooper , W. E. 1986 . Tail loss, tail color, and predator escape in Eumeces (Lacertilia: Scincidae): age‐specific differences in costs and benefits. . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 64 : 583 – 592 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar