Soft corals, sea fans, gorgonians (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) and black and wire corals (Ceriantipatharia: Antipatharia) from submarine caves in Hong Kong with a checklist of local species and a description of a new species of Paraminabea

References

• Audouin , V. 1809 . “ Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l'Égypte et de la Syrie, publiées par J. C. Savigny, membre de l'Institut; offrant un exposé des caractères naturels des genres avec la distinction des espèces. In: Geoffroy Saint‐Hilaire I and Savigny JC, editors. Description de l'Egypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee Francaise, public par les ordres de sa Majeste l'Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Volume 1, Histoire Naturelle. ” . 225 – 244 . Paris : Imprimeur Impériale .
   Google Scholar
• Aurivillius , M. 1931 . The gorgonarians from Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and Bonin Islands 1914. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar 9:1–337, figs 1–65, pl. 1–6
   Google Scholar
• Broch , H. 1916 . Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia. XI. Alcyonarien. . Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar , 11 : 1 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Broom , M. , Chiu , G. and Lee , A. 2003 . “ Long‐term water quality trends in Hong Kong. ” . In Perspectives on Marine Environmental Change in Hong Kong and Southern China, 1977–2001 , Edited by: Morton , B . 519 – 542 . Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press . Proceedings of an International Workshop Reunion Conference; 21–26 October 2001; Hong Kong
   Google Scholar
• Clark , T. H. 1997 . “ The distribution of ahermatypic corals at Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong. ” . In The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China IV , Edited by: Morton , B . 219 – 233 . Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press . Proceedings of the eighth international marine biological workshop: the marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China; 2–20 April 1995; Hong Kong
   Google Scholar
• Cumming , R. L. 1997 . “ Ovulids (Gastropoda) associated with gorgonians (Anthozoa: Gorgonacea) at Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong: species, hosts, distributions and feeding ecology ” . In The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China IV , Edited by: Morton , B . 285 – 301 . Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press . Proceedings of the eighth international marine biological workshop: the marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China; 2–20 April 1995; Hong Kong
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , J. and Solander , D. 1786 . The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis…Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander… , London : Benjamin White and Son .
   Google Scholar
• Esper , E. J. C. 1794 . Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nest Beschreibungen , Nürnberg : In der Raspischen Buchhandlung .
   Google Scholar
• Fabricius , K. and Alderslade , P. 2001 . Soft Corals and Sea Fans: a comprehensive guide to the tropical shallow water genera of the central‐west Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea , Townsville, , Australia : Australian Institute of Marine Science .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , J. E. 1857 . Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 1857 : 278 – 294 .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , J. E. 1859 . Description of some new genera of lithophytes or stony zoophytes. . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 1859 : 479 – 486 .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , J. E. 1870 . Catalogue of the lithophytes or stony corals in the collection of the British Museum , London : British Museum .
   Google Scholar
• Hickson , S. J. 1905 . “ The Alcyonaria of the Maldives. Part III. The families Muriceidae, Gorgonellidae, Melitodidae, and the genera Pennatula, Eunephthya. ” . In The fauna and geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, being an account of the work carried on and of collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900 Edited by: Gardiner , J. S . Volume 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 807–826, pl. 67
   Google Scholar
• Hickson , S. J. 1932 . “ Gorgonacea. ” . In Scientific reports of the Great Barrier Reef expedition , 459 – 512 . London : British Museum (Natural History) . Volume 4
   Google Scholar
• Imahara , Y. 1991 . Report of the Octocorallia from the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. . Bulletin of the Institute of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai University , 11/12 : 59 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Kölliker , R. A. 1865 . Icones histiologicae oder Atlas der vergleichenden Gewebelehre. Zweite Abtheilung. Der feinere Bau der höheren Thiere. Erstes Heft. Die Bindesubstanz der Coelenteraten , Leipzig : Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann .
   Google Scholar
• Kükenthal , W. 1904 . “ Uber einige Korallentiere des Roten Meeres. ” . In Festschrift zum siebzigsten Geburtstage von Ernst Haeckel herausgegeben von seinen Schulern und Freunden , Edited by: Fürbringer , M . 31 – 58, pl. 4–5 . Jena : Verlag von Gustav Fischer .
   Google Scholar
• Kükenthal , W. 1905 . Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien. Die Familie der Nephthyiden. 2 Teil. Die Gattungen Dendronephthya n.g. und Stereonephthya n.g. Teil. . Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung für Systematik , 21 : 503 – 726, pl. 26–32 .
   Google Scholar
• Kükenthal , W. 1909 . “ Japanische Gorgoniden. 2. Teil: Die Familien der Plexauriden, Chrysogorgiiden und Melitodiden. ” . In Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens Edited by: Doflein , F . Abhandlugen mathematisch‐physikalische Klasse K. Bayer. Akademische Wissenschaftliche Suppl.‐Bd. 1:1–78, pl. 1–7
   Google Scholar
• Kükenthal , W. 1910 . “ Alcyonaria. 1. Teil. ” . In Die Fauna Sudwest‐Australiens Edited by: Michaelsen , W and Hartmeyer , R . Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest‐australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Volume 3. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer. p. 1–108, pl. 1–4
   Google Scholar
• Kükenthal , W. 1924 . Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich , Berlin and Leipzig : Walter de Gruyter & Co .
   Google Scholar
• Lamarck , J. B. P. A. M. 1816 . Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres , Paris : Verdiere . Volume 2
   Google Scholar
• Lamarck , J. B. P. A. M. 1836 . Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres…Deuxieme edition. Revue et augmentee… par MM. G.P. Deshayes et H. Milne Edwards. Tome deuxieme. Histoire des polypes , Paris : J.B. Bailliere .
   Google Scholar
• Lamouroux , J. V. F. 1816 . Histoire des polypiers coralligenes flexibles, vulgairement nommes Zoophytes , Caen. F. Poisson
   Google Scholar
• Li , C. 1986 . The Alcyonacea in Hong Kong waters. . Tropic Oceanology , 5 : 19 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Macfadyen , L. M. I. 1936 . “ Alcyonaria (Stolonifera, Alcyonacea, Telestacea and Gorgonacea). ” . In Scientific reports of the Great Barrier Reef expedition , 19 – 72, pl. 1–5 . London : British Museum (Natural History) . Volume 5
   Google Scholar
• Milne‐Edwards , H. and Haime , J. 1857 . Histoire naturelle des coralliaires ou polypes proprement dits , Paris : A la Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret . Volume 1
   Google Scholar
• Morton , B. 1988 . Partnerships in the Sea: Hong Kong's Marine Symbioses , Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morton , B. 2003 . “ Marine protected areas in Hong Kong: progress towards coastal zone management (1977–2002). ” . In Perspectives on marine environmental change in Hong Kong and southern China, 1977–2001 , Edited by: Morton , B . 797 – 824 . Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press . Proceedings of an international workshop reunion conference; 21–26 October 2001; Hong Kong
   Google Scholar
• Morton , B. , Bamber , R. N. and Robbins , R. S. 2008 . The joint Swire Institute of Marine Science, Hong Kong, and Natural History Museum, London, Hong Kong Submarine Caves Expedition, 2002: introduction. . Journal of Natural History , 42 (9–12) : 721 – 728 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller , F. 1867 . Uber Balanus armatus und einen Bastard dieser Art und des Balanus improvisus var. assimilis Darw. . Archiv für Naturgeschichte , 33 : 329 – 356, pl 7–9 .
   Google Scholar
• Nutting , C. C. 1910 . The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. . Siboga‐Expedition Monograph , 13b : 1 – 108, pl. 1–22 .
   Google Scholar
• Nutting , C. C. 1912 . Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U.S. Fisheries steamer “Albatross”, mainly in Japanese waters, during 1906. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum , 43 : 1 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Okutani , T. 1994 . Seashore marine organism , Tokyo, , Japan : Yama‐Kei Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Pallas , P. S. 1766 . Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis Hagae Comitum: Den Haeg: van Geef
   Google Scholar
• Pallas , P. S. 1787 . Charakteristik der Thierpflanzen…aus dem Lateinischen ubersetzt, und mit Anmerkungen versehen, von C.F. Wilkens, und nach seinem Tode herausgegeben von Johann Wilhelm Herbst , Nurnberg : Verlegt von der Raspischen Buchhandlung .
   Google Scholar
• Ridley , S. 1883 . On the coral‐fauna of Ceylon, with descriptions of new species. . Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series , V 11 : 250 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Roxas , H. A. 1933 . Philippine Alcyonaria. II. The families Alcyoniidae and Nephthyidae. . Philippine Journal of Science , 50 : 345 – 470 .
   Google Scholar
• Silberfeld , E. 1909 . Japanische Antipatharien Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1–7 Supplement, 1–20
   Google Scholar
• Stiasny , G. 1935 . The Gorgonacea of the Siboga‐Expedition. Supplement 1. Revision der Plexauridae. . Siboga‐Expedition Monograph , 13b7 : 1 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Stiasny , G. 1940 . Kurze Mitteilung uber Rindenkorallen (Gorgonarien). . Archives Néerlandaises de Zoologie , 4 : 366 – 367 .
   Google Scholar
• Stimpson , W. 1855 . Descriptions of some of the new marine invertebrate from the Chinese and Japanese seas. . Proceedings of the United States Academy of National Sciences , 1855 : 375 – 383 .
   Google Scholar
• Studer , T. 1894 . Alcyonarien aus der Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Lubeck. . Mitteilungen Geographischen Gesellschaft Naturhistory Museum Lubeck, (2. Ser.) Heft , 7/8 : 103 – 128, pls 1–5 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , J. A. and Crane , G. 1909 . “ The Alcyonarians of Okhamandal. ” . In Marine Zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar Edited by: Hornell , J . Volume 1. London: Williams and Norgate. p. 125–135, 1 pl
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , J. A. and Dean , L. M. 1931 . Alcyonacea of the Siboga Expedition, with an addendum to the Gorgonacea. . Siboga‐Expedition Monograph , 13d : 1 – 227 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , J. A. and Henderson , W. D. 1905 . The Alcyonaria. Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries in the Gulf of Manaar , London : W.A. Herdman .
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , J. A. and Mackinnon , D. L. 1910 . Alcyonarians collected on the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition. Part II. The Stolonifera, Alcyonacea, Pseudaxonia, and Stelechotokea. . Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2nd Series, Zoology , 13 : 165 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , J. A. and Simpson , J. J. 1909 . An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean; with a report on the species of Dendronephthya by W.D. Henderson. II. The alcyonarians of the littoral area , Calcutta : The Indian Museum .
   Google Scholar
• Tixier‐Durivault , A. 1970 . Les octocoralliaires de Nouvelle Caledonie. . L'Expedition francaise sur les recifs coralliens de la Nouvelle‐Caledonie , 4 : 171 – 350, figs 1–173 .
   Google Scholar
• Tixier‐Durivault , A. and Prevorsek , M. 1959 . Revision de la famille des Nephtheidae. 1. Le genre Spongodes Lesson 1831. . Memoirs Musee National Histoire Naturelle Paris, Zoologie , 20 : 1 – 151, figs 1–85 .
   Google Scholar
• Toeplitz , C. 1928 . Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kap. 7. Die Familie Gorgonellidae, zugleich eine Revision , Jena : Gustav Fischer .
   Google Scholar
• Utinomi , H. 1954 . Some neptheid octocorals from Kii coasts, middle Japan. . Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory , 4 : 57 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Utinomi , H. 1956 . On some Alcyonarians from the West‐Pacific Islands (Palau, Ponape and Bonins). . Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory , 5 : 221 – 242 .
   Google Scholar
• Utinomi , H. 1958 . On some octocorals from deep waters of Prov. Tosa, Sikoku. . Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory , 7 : 89 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Utinomi , H. 1960 . A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). 1. The genera Capnella, Scleronephthya and Chondronephthya (n. g.). . Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory , 8 : 27 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Utinomi , H. 1961 . Noteworthy octocorals collected off the south‐west coast of Kii Peninsula, middle Japan. Part II, Telestacea, Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea. . Publications of the Seto Marine Biolological Laboratory , 9 : 197 – 228 .
   Google Scholar
• Utinomi , H. and Imahara , Y. 1976 . A new second species of dimorphic alcyonacean octocoral Minabea from the bays of Sagami and Suruga, with the emendation of generic diagnosis. . Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory , 23 : 205 – 212 .
   Google Scholar
• Valenciennes , A. 1855 . Extrait d'une monographie de la famille des Gorgonidees de la classe des polypes. . Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des Sciences Paris , 41 : 7 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Verrill , A. E. 1864 . List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard College, Cambridge , 1 : 29 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Verrill , A. E. 1865a . Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Captain John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the Expedition. With descriptions of some additional species from the West Coast of North America. . Proceedings of the Essex Institute , 4 : 181 – 196 .
   Google Scholar
• Verrill , A. E. 1865b . Classification of polyps: (Extract condensed from a synopsis of the Polypi of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Captains Ringgold and Rodgers, U. S. N.). . Proceedings of the Essex Institute , 4 : 145 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Verrill , A. E. 1868 . Critical remarks on the halcyonoid polyps in the Museum of Yale College with descriptions of new genera. . American Journal of Science and Arts, Series 2 , 45 : 411 – 415 .
   Google Scholar
• Verrill , A. E. 1868–1870 . Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 1:377–422 (1868); 423–502 (1869); 503–558 (1870), pls 5–10
   Google Scholar
• Verrill , A. E. 1869 . Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. . Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences , 1 : 1 – 450 .
   Google Scholar
• Verseveldt , J. 1974 . Octocorallia from New Caledonia. . Zoologische Mededelingen , 47 : 95 – 122, pls 1–5 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , G. C. 1992 . Revision of the soft coral genus Minabea (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae) with new taxa from the Indo‐West Pacific. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences , 48 : 1 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , G. C. and Alderslade , P. 1999 . Revisonary systematics of the western Pacific soft coral genus Minabea (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae), with descriptions of a related new genus and species from the Indo‐Pacific. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences , 51 : 337 – 364 .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , E. P. and Studer , T. 1889 . Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. . Zoology , 31 : 1 – 314 .
   Google Scholar
• Zou , R. L. and Scott , P. J. B. 1982 . “ The Gorgonacea of Hong Kong. ” . In Proceedings of the first international marine biological workshop: the marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China; 18 April–10 May 1980; Hong Kong , Edited by: Morton , B and Tseng , C. K . 135 – 159 . Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zou , R. L. and Zhou , J. 1984 . Antipatharians from Hong Kong waters with a description of a new species. . Asian Marine Biology , 1 : 101 – 105 .
   Google Scholar