Revision of the smiling worms, genus Prosorhochmus Keferstein, Citation1862, and description of a new species, Prosorhochmus belizeanus sp. nov. (Prosorhochmidae, Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from Florida and Belize

References

• Anadón , N. 1980 . Primeros datos sobre la fauna de nemertinos de la Península Ibérica Asturias y sur de Galicia (N. y NW. de España) [First data on the fauna of nemerteans of Iberic Peninsula, Asturias and southern Galicia] . Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural. Seccion Biologica , 78 : 337 – 345 . Spanish
   Google Scholar
• Bruce , J. R. , Colman , J. S. and Jones , N. S. 1963 . Marine fauna of the Isle of Man , Liverpool (UK) : University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bürger , O. 1895 . Die Nemertinen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres‐Abschnitte [The nemerteans of the Gulf of Naples and adjacent waters]. Fauna and Flora der Solfes von Neapel. . 22 : 1 – 743 . German
   Google Scholar
• Bürger , O. 1897–1907 . “ Nemertini (Schnurwürmer). ” . In Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier‐Reichs , Edited by: Bronn , H. G . 1 – 542 . Leipzig (Germany) : C. F. Winter .
   Google Scholar
• Bürger , O. 1904 . Nemertini. . Tierreich , 20 : 1 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , A. C. 1976 . The Hamlyn guide to the seashore and shallow seas of Britain and Europe , London (UK) : Hamlyn .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , A. C. 1982 . The Hamlyn guide to the flora and fauna of the Mediterranean Sea , London (UK) : Hamlyn .
   Google Scholar
• Chapius , F. 1886 . Note sur quelques Némertes récoltées a Roscoff dans le courant du mois d'Aout 1885 [Notes on some nemerteans collected at Roscoff during the month of August 1885]. . Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale. Series 2 , 4 : XXI – XXIV . French
   Google Scholar
• Chernyshev , A. V. 2002 . Opisanije novogo vida roda Poseidonemertes (Nemertea, Monostilifera) s obosnovanijem semeistva Poseidonemertidae [Description of a new species of the genus Poseidonemertes with establishment of the family Poseidonemertidae]. . Zoologicheskii Zhurnal , 81 : 909 – 916 . Russian
   Google Scholar
• Claparéde , A. R. E. 1863 . Beobachtungen über Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte Wirbelloser Thiere an der Küste von Normandie Angestellt [Observations on anatomy and development of invertebrates occurring on the coast of Normandy] , Leipzig (Germany) : W. Engelmann. German .
   Google Scholar
• Coe , W. R. 1905a . Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University , 47 : 1 – 318 .
   Google Scholar
• Coe , W. R. 1905b . Synopses of North American invertebrates. XXI. The nemerteans. . American Naturalist , 39 : 425 – 447 .
   Google Scholar
• Coe , W. R. 1940 . Revision of the nemertean fauna of the Pacific coasts of North, Central, and northern South America. . Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions , 2 : 247 – 322 .
   Google Scholar
• Coe , W. R. 1944 . Geographical distribution of the nemerteans of the Pacific coast of North America, with descriptions of two new species. . Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences , 34 : 27 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Corrêa , D. D. 1964 . Nemerteans from California and Oregon. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Series 4 , 31 : 515 – 558 .
   Google Scholar
• Czerniavsky , V. 1880 . Materialia ad zoographiam ponticam comparatam [Materials on zoography of the Black Sea]. Fasc. III. Vermes. . Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelej Prirody , 55 : 213 – 363 . Latin
   Google Scholar
• Dewoletzky , R. 1880 . Zur Anatomie der Nemertinen. Vorläufige Mittheilung. I. [On anatomy of Nemerteans. Provisional report. Part I]. . Zoologischer Anzeiger , 3 : 396 – 400 . German
   Google Scholar
• Dewoletzky , R. 1887 . Das Seitenorgan der Nemertinen [On lateral organs of Nemerteans]. . Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universität Wien , 7 : 233 – 280 . German
   Google Scholar
• Diesing , K. M. 1850 . Tribus III. Nemertinea. . Systema Helminthum , 1 : 238 – 277 .
   Google Scholar
• Diesing , K. M. 1863 . Nachträge zur Revision der Turbellarien [Follow up on revision of Turbellaria]. . Sitzungsberichte/Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch‐Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse , 46 : 173 – 188 . German
   Google Scholar
• Eason , D. G. 1973 . Investigation on the ecology of the common British heteronemertean Lineus ruber (O. F. Müller) [M. Phil. Thesis] , [Liverpool] (UK) : Liverpool Polytechnic .
   Google Scholar
• Folmer , O. , Black , M. , Hoeh , W. , Lutz , R. and Vrijenhoek , R. 1994 . DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. . Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology , 3 : 294 – 299 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedrich , H. 1936 . Nemertini. . Die Tierwelt der Nord‐ und Ostsee IV. d , : 1 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Friedrich , H. 1955 . Beiträge zu einer Synopsis der Gattungen der Nemertini monostilifera nebst Bestimmungsschlüssel [Contribution to synopsis of the monostiliferan nemertean genera with an identification key]. . Zeitschrift for Wissenschafliche Zoologie , 158 : 133 – 192 . German
   Google Scholar
• Friedrich , H. 1979 . “ Nemertini. ” . In Morphogenese der Tiere , Edited by: Seidel , F . 1 – 136 . Jena (Germany) : Gustav Fischer .
   Google Scholar
• Frutos , I. , Montalvo , S. and Junoy , J. 1998 . A new species of Prosorhochmus (Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera) from the Chafarinas Islands (western Mediterranean). . Journal of Zoology London , 245 : 293 – 298 .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , R. 1972 . Nemerteans , London (UK) : Hutchinson & Co Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , R. 1982a . British nemerteans , Cambridge (UK) : University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , R. 1982b . “ Nemertea. ” . In Synopsis and classification of living organisms Edited by: Parker , S. P . 823 – 846 .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , R. 1995 . Nemertean genera and species of the world ‐ an annotated checklist of original names and description citations, synonyms, current taxonomic status, habitats and recorded zoogeographic distribution. . Journal of Natural History , 29 : 271 – 562 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , R. and Moore , J. 1985 . The genus Prosorhochmus Keferstein, 1862 (Hoplonemertea). . Journal of Zoology London , 206A : 145 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , R. , Moore , J. , Ruppert , E. E. and Turbeville , J. M. 1986 . A new species of Prosorhochmus (Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera) from South Carolina. . Journal of Zoology London , 209A : 327 – 335 .
   Google Scholar
• Gontcharoff , M. 1955 . Némertes. . Invent. Fauna mar. Roscoff , 7 : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Joubin , L. 1889 . Sur la répartition des Némertes dans quelques localités des côtes de France [On the distribution of nemerteans in some locations on the coast of France]. . Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences , 109 : 231 – 233 . French
   Google Scholar
• Joubin , L. 1890 . Recherches sur les Turbellariés des côtes de France (Némertes) [Studies on Turbellaria of the coast of France (Nemerteans)]. . Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale. Series 2 , 8 : 61 – 602 . French
   Google Scholar
• Joubin , L. 1894 . “ Les Némertiens. ” . In Fauna Francáise , Edited by: Blanchard , R and de Guerne , J . 1 – 235 . Paris (France) : Société d'êditions Scientifiques .
   Google Scholar
• Keferstein , W. 1862 . Untersuchungen über niedere Seethiere [Studies on lower marine animals]. . Zeitschrift für Wissenschafliche Zoologie , 12 : 1 – 147 . German
   Google Scholar
• Kirsteuer , E. 1974 . Description of Poseidonemertes caribensis sp. n., and discussion of other taxa of Hoplonemertini Monostilifera with divided longitudinal musculature in the body wall. . Zoologica Scripta , 3 : 153 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marine Biological Association . 1957 . Plymouth marine fauna , Plymouth (UK) : Marine Biological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Maslakova , S. A. 2005 . Systematics and evolution of smiling worms (Fam. Prosorhochmidae, Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) [Ph.D. Thesis] , [Washington, D.C.] : George Washington University .
   Google Scholar
• Maslakova , S. A. , Thiel , M. , Vasquez , N. and Norenburg , J. L. 2005 . The smile of Amphiporus nelsoni Sanchez, 1973 (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera: Amphiporidae) leads to a redescription and a change in family. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington , 118 : 483 – 498 .
   Google Scholar
• McIntosh , W. C. 1869 . On the affinities and classification of the nemerteans. . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh , 6 : 545 – 548 .
   Google Scholar
• McIntosh , W. C. 1873–1874 . A monograph of the British annelids. Part I. The nemerteans , London (UK) : Ray Society .
   Google Scholar
• Montagu , G. 1808 . “ Vermes Mollusca. Unpublished manuscript (MS 207). ” . 294 Linnean Society Library, London [illustrations to this manuscript, by Eliza Dorville, are in a separate volume]
   Google Scholar
• Moore , J. and Gibson , R. 1981 . The Geonemertes problem (Nemertea). . Journal of Zoology London , 194 : 175 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norenburg , J. L. 1986 . Redescription of a brooding nemertine, Cyanophthalma obscura gen. n., comb. n. (Schultz, 1851), with observations on its biology and discussion of the species of Prostomatella and related taxa. . Zoologica Scripta , 15 : 275 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxner , M. 1907a . Quelques observations sur les Némertes de Roscoff et de Villefranche‐sur‐Mer [Some observations on the nemerteans of Roscoff and VIllefranche‐sur‐Mer]. . Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale. Series 4 , 6 : LXXXII – XCII . French
   Google Scholar
• Oxner , M. 1907b . Sur quelques nouvelles espèces des Némertes de Roscoff [On some new species of nemerteans from Roscoff]. . Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale. Series 4 , 6 : LIX – LXIX . French
   Google Scholar
• Palumbi , S. , Martin , A. , Romano , S. , McMillan , W. O. , Stice , L. and Grabowski , G. 1991 . The simple fools guide to PCR Version 2.0 , Honolulu, HI : Department of Zoology and Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii .
   Google Scholar
• Pantin , C. F. A. 1961 . Geonemertes: a study in island life. . Proceedings of the Linnaen Society of London , 172 : 137 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Pantin , C. F. A. 1969 . The genus Geonemertes. . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology , 18 : 261 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Quatrefages , A. D. 1846 . Étude sur les types inférieurs de l'embranchement des annelés. Mémoire sur la famille des Némertiens (Nemertea) [Study of the lower types of annelids. Memoirs on the family of nemerteans]. . Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Series 3 , 6 : 173 – 303 . French
   Google Scholar
• Quatrefages , A. D. 1849 . “ Némertes. ” . In Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques faites pendant un voyage sur les côtes de la Sicilie et sur divers points du littoral de la France [Anatomical and physiological studies carried out during voyage of the coast of Sicily and various intertidal locations in France] , Edited by: Edwards , H. M , de Quatrefages , A and Blanchard , E . 85 – 220 . Paris : V. Masson . French
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez , M. 1973 . Sobre 4 especies de nemertinos de Quintero (Chile) [On the four nemertean species from Quintero (Chile)]. . Studies on Neoropical Fauna , 8 : 195 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Senz , W. 1993 . Nemertinen europäischer Küstenbereiche (Nebst ergänzenden Angaben zur Anatomie von Apatronemertes albimaculosa Wilfert & Gibson, 1974) [Nemerteans of the European shores (with additional data on anatomy of Apatronemertes albimaculosa Wilfert & Gibson, 1974)]. . Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums, Series B , 94/95(B) : 47 – 145 . German
   Google Scholar
• Sheldon , L. 1896 . “ Nemertinea. ” . In The Cambridge Natural History , Edited by: Harmer , S. F and Shipley , A. E . 97 – 120 . New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Thiel , M. , Ullrich , N. and Vasquez , N. 2001 . Predation rates of nemertean predators: the case of a rocky shore hoplonemertean feeding on amphipods. . Hydrobiologia , 456 : 45 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Thollesson , M. and Norenburg , J. L. 2003 . Ribbon worm relationships: a phylogeny of the phylum Nemertea. . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B , 270 : 407 – 415 .
   Google Scholar