Antipredator defence mechanism in the amphidromous shrimp Xiphocaris elongata (Decapoda: Xiphocarididae): rostrum length

References

• Adler FR, Harvell CD. 1990. Inducible defenses, phenotypic variability and biotic environments. Trends Ecol Evol. 5:407–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiken KA. 1998. Reproduction, diet and population structure of the mountain mullet, Agonostomus monticola, in Jamaica, West Indies. Environ Biol Fish. 53:347–352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aránguiz-Acuña A, Ramos-Jilberto R, Sarma N, Sarma S, Bustamante RO, Toledo V. 2010. Benefits, costs and reactivity of inducible defences: an experimental test with rotifers. Freshwater Biol. 55:2114–2122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benstead JP, March JG, Pringle CM, Scatena FN. 1999. Effects of a low-head dam and water abstraction on migratory tropical stream biota. Ecol Appl. 9:656–668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooney PB, Kwak TJ. 2010. Development of standard weight equations for Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico amphidromous fishes. N Am J Fish Manage. 30:1203–1209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covich AP, Crowl TA, Alexander JE, Vaughn CC. 1994. Predator-avoidance responses in freshwater decapod-gastropod interactions mediated by chemical stimuli. J N Am Benthol Soc. 13:283–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covich AP, Crowl TA, Hein CL, Townsend MJ, McDowell WH. 2009. Predator–prey interactions in river networks: comparing shrimp spatial refugia in two drainage basins. Freshwater Biol. 54:450–465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creed RP. 2006. Predator transitions in stream communities: a model and evidence from field studies. J N Am Benthol Soc. 25:533–544.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creel S, Christianson D. 2008. Relationships between direct predation and risk effects. Trends Ecol Evol. 23:194–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross WF, Covich AP, Crowl TA, Benstead JP, Ramírez A. 2008. Secondary production, longevity and resource consumption rates of freshwater shrimps in two tropical streams with contrasting geomorphology and food web structure. Freshwater Biol. 53:2504–2519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowl TA, Covich AP. 1990. Predator-induced life-history shifts in a freshwater snail. Science. 247:949–951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowl TA, Covich AP. 1994. Responses of a freshwater shrimp to chemical and tactile stimuli from a large decapod predator. J N Am Benthol Soc. 13:291–298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowl TA, McDowell WH, Covich AP, Johnson SL. 2001. Freshwater shrimp effects on detrital processing and nutrients in a tropical headwater stream. Ecology. 82:775–783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowl TA, Welsh V, Heartsill-Scalley T, Covich AP. 2006. Effects of different types of conditioning on rates of leaf-litter shredding by Xiphocaris elongata, a neotropical freshwater shrimp. J N Am Benthol Soc. 25:198–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz GA. 1987. Reproductive biology and feeding habits of cuyamel, Joturus pichardi and tepemechin, Agonostomus monticola (Pisces; Mugilidae) from Rio Platano, Mosquitia, Honduras. B Mar Sci. 40:63–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodson S. 1989. Predator-induced reaction norms. Bio Sci. 39:447–452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodson SI, Crowl TA, Peckarsky BL, Kats LB, Covich AP, Culp JM. 1994. Non-visual communication in freshwater benthos: an overview. J N Am Benthol Soc. 13:268–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emlen JM. 1966. The role of time and energy in food preference. Am Nat. 100:611–617.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emlen JM. 1968. Optimal choice in animals. Am Nat. 102:385–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eroukhmanoff F, Svensson EI. 2009. Contemporary parallel diversification, antipredator adaptations and phenotypic integration in an aquatic isopod. PLoS ONE. 4:e6173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari MCO, Wisenden BD, Chivers DP. 2010. Chemical ecology of predator–prey interactions in aquatic ecosystems: a review and prospectus. Can J Zool. 88:698–724.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fievet E, Doledec S, Lim P. 2001. Distribution of migratory fishes and shrimps along multivariate gradients in Tropical Island streams. J Fish Biol. 59:390–402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fryer G. 1977. Studies on the functional morphology and ecology of the atyid prawns of Dominica. Philos T Roy Soc B. 277:57–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant JWG, Bayly IAE. 1981. Predator induction of crests in morphs of the Daphnia carinata King complex. Limnol Oceanogr. 26:201–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvell CD. 1984. Predator-induced defense in a marine bryozoan. Science. 224:1357–1359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvell CD. 1986. The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses in a marine bryozoan: cues, costs, and consequences. Am Nat. 128:810–823.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvell CD. 1990. The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses. Q Rev Biol. 65:323–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havel JE, Dodson SI. 1984. Chaoborus predation on typical and spined morphs of Daphnia pulex: behavioral Observations. Limnol Oceanogr. 29:487–494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert PDN, Grewe PM. 1985. Chaoborus-induced shifts in the morphology of Daphnia ambigua. Limnol Oceanogr. 30:1291–1297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hein C. 2009. River network structure: a template for understanding predator-prey dynamics and potential anthropogenic impacts [dissertation]. Logan (UT): Utah State University.
   Google Scholar
• Hein CL, Crowl TA. 2010. Running the predator gauntlet: do freshwater shrimp (Atya lanipes) migrate above waterfalls to avoid fish predation? J N Am Benthol Soc. 29:431–443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hein CL, Pike AS, Blanco JF, Covich AP, Scatena FN, Hawkins CP, Crowl TA. 2011. Effects of coupled natural and anthropogenic factors on the community structure of diadromous fish and shrimp species in tropical island streams. Freshwater Biol. 56:1002–1015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmquist JG, Schmidt-Gengenbach JM, Yoshioka BB. 1998. High dams and marine-freshwater linkages: effects on native and introduced fauna in the Caribbean. Conserv Biol. 12:621–630.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ives AR, Dobson AP. 1987. Antipredator behavior and the population dynamics of simple predator-prey systems. Am Nat. 130:431–447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jugovic J, Prevorcnik S, Aljancic G, Sket B. 2010. The atyid shrimp (Crustacea: decapoda: atyidae) rostrum: phylogeny versus adaptation, taxonomy versus trophic ecology. J N Hist. 44:2509–2533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikkert DA, Crowl TA, Covich AP. 2009. Upstream migration of amphidromous shrimps in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico: temporal patterns and environmental cues. J N Am Benthol Soc. 28:233–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger DA, Dodson SI. 1981. Embryological induction and predation ecology in Daphnia pulex. Limnol Oceanogr. 26:219–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lively CM. 1986. Predator-induced shell dimorphism in the acorn barnacle Chthamalus anisopoma. Evolution. 40:232–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March JG, Benstead JP, Pringle CM, Scatena FN. 1998. Migratory drift of larval freshwater shrimps in two tropical streams, Puerto Rico. Freshwater Biol. 40:261–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March JG, Pringle CM. 2003. Food web structure and basal resource utilization along a tropical island stream continuum, Puerto Rico. Biotropica. 35:84–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matamores WA, Schaefer J, Mickle P, Arthurs W, Ikoma RJ, Ragsdale R. 2009. First Record of Agonostomus monticola (Family: mugilidae) in Mississippi freshwaters with notes of its distribution in the southern United States. Southeastern Nat. 8:175–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mort MA. 1986. Chaoborus predation and the function of phenotypic variation in Daphnia. Hydrobiologia. 133:39–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson PA, Brönmark C, Pettersson LB. 1995. Benefits of a predtor-induced morphology in crucian carp. Oecologia. 104:291–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ocasio-Torres ME. 2014. Predation on the tropical freshwater shrimp Xiphocaris elongata: rostrum inducibility, antipredator responses and cascade effects [dissertation]. Rio Piedras (PR): University of Puerto Rico.
   Google Scholar
• Ocasio-Torres ME, Crowl TA, Sabat AM. 2014. Long rostrum in an amphidromous shrimp induced by chemical signals from a predatory fish. Freshwater Sci. 33:451–458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oda S, Hanazato T, Fujii K. 2007. Change in phenotypic plasticity of a morphological defence in Daphnia galeata (Crustacea: cladocera) in a selection experiment. J Limnol. 66:142–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parejko K, Dodson S. 1990. Progress towards characterization of a predator/prey kairomone: daphnia pulex and Chaoborus americanus. Hydrobiologia. 198:51–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Reyes O, Crowl TA, Hernández-García P, Ledesma-Fusté R, Villar-Fornes FA, Covich AP. 2013. Freshwater decapods of Puerto Rico: a checklist and reports of new localities. Zootaxa. 3717:329–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillip DAT. 1993. Reproduction and feeding of the mountain mullet, Agonostomus monticola, in Trinidad, West Indies. Environ Biol Fish. 37:47–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pringle CM, Hemphill N, McDowell WH, Bednarek A, March JG. 1999. Linking species and ecosystems: different biotic assemblages cause interstream differences in organic matter. Ecology. 80:1860–1872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyke GH. 1984. Optimal foraging theory: a critical review. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 15:523–575.
   Google Scholar
• Reuschel S. 2008. Comparative phylogeographic studies of three marine and one amphidromous species clarifying the mechanisms of generation and maintenance of genetic diversity and identifying cryptic species [dissertation]. Regensburg (Germany): Regensburg University.
   Google Scholar
• Schoener TW. 1971. Theory of feeding strategies. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 2:369–404.
   Google Scholar
• Smith WE, Kwak TJ. 2014. A capture–recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal. J Fish Biol. 84:897–912.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahl DH, Stein RA. 1988. Selective predation by three esocids: the role of prey behavior and morphology. T Am Fish Soc. 117:142–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisenden BD. 2003. Chemically mediated strategies to counter predation. In: Collin SP, Marshall NJ, editors. Sensory processing in aquatic environments. New York (NY): Springer; p. 236–251.
   Google Scholar