46
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Biogeography

Cladistics and distribution of Euxanthe butterflies (Nymphalidae: Charaxinae)

Pages 1165-1189 | Accepted 08 Aug 1984, Published online: 17 Feb 2007

References

  • Ackery , P.R. and Vane-Wright , R.I. 1984 . Milkweed butterflies: their cladistics and biology ix – ix . London + 425
  • Aurivillius , C. 1898–9 . Rhopalocera Aethiopica. Die Tagfalter des aethiopischen Faunengebietes: eine systematisch-geographische Studie . Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar , 31 ( 5 ) : 561 – 561 . 6 pls.
  • Aurivillius , C. 1909 . “ Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera und Heterocera (Pars 1) von Madagaskar, den Comoren und den Inseln Ostafrikas ” . In Reise in Ostafrika Edited by: Voeltzkow , A. Vol. 2 , 309 – 348 . Stuttgart In 1 pl.
  • Aurivillius , C. 1911 . “ 5. Familie: Nymphalidae ” . In Die Gross-schmetterlinge der Erde Edited by: Seitz , A. Vol. 13 , 121 – 128 . Stuttgart In 2 pls
  • Berger , L.A. 1981 . Les Papillons du Zaire 543 – 543 . Bruxelles 213 pls
  • Butler , A.G. 1870 . List of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera . Transactions of the Entomological Society of London , 1870 : 521 – 532 . In Dunning, J. W. Notes on a collection of insects sent by Mr. Ansell from South-West Africa
  • Carcasson , R.H. 1964 . A preliminary survey of the Zoogeography of African butterflies . East African wildlife Journal , 2 : 122 – 157 . 6 figs.
  • Carcasson , R.H. 1981 . Collins handguide to the butterflies of Africa xix – xix . London + 188, figs.
  • Cooper , R. 1973 . Butterflies of Rhodesia 138 – 138 . Salisbury 32 pls
  • Cracraft , J. 1973 . Continental drift, paleoclimatology, and the evolution of birds . Journal of Zoology, London , 169 : 455 – 545 . 20 figs.
  • Cramer , P. 1775 . De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerelddeelen Asia, Africa en America Vol. 1 , 2 – 2 . frontispieces, [vi] + xxx + 161 + 55 pp., 96 pls, Amsteldam & Utrecht [published 1775–6].
  • D'Abrera , B.L. 1980 . Butterflies of the Afrotropical region xx – xx . Melbourne + 593, figs
  • Doubleday , E. 1844 . List of the specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum , 1 : 150 – 150 . London
  • Druce , H. 1875 . A list of the collection of diurnal lepidoptera made by Mr. J. J. Monteiro, in Angola, with descriptions of some new species . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 1875 : 406 – 417 .
  • Duckworth , W.D. , Watson , A. and Whalley , P.E.S. 1975 . The dictionary of butterflies and moths in color xiv – xiv . New York + 296, 405 figs.
  • Farris , J.S. 1982 . Outgroups and parsimony . Systematic Zoology , 31 : 328 – 334 .
  • Godart , J.B. 1824 . Encyclopédie méthodique Edited by: Latreille , P.A. and Godart , J.B. Vol. 9 , 329 – 828 . In Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] Entomologie (2)
  • Grose-Smith , H. 1889 . Descriptions of twenty-four new species of butterflies captured by Mr. Last in the neighbourhood of Mombasa, east coast of Africa, in the collection of Mr. H. Grose Smith . Annals and Magazine of Natural History , 3 ( 6 ) : 121 – 137 .
  • Grose-Smith , H. and Kirby , W.F. 1890 . Nymphalidae.—Nymphalinae . Euxanthe I. Rhopalocera exotica , 1 : 3 – 3 . 1 pl. London [published 1887–1891.]
  • Haltenworth , T. and Diller , H. 1977 . A field guide to the mammals of Africa including Madagascar 400 – 400 . London 63 pls
  • Hambrey , M.J. and Harland , W.B. 1981 . “ The evolution of climates ” . In The evolving earth Edited by: Cocks , L.R.M. 137 – 152 . London & Cambridge In 8 figs. Chance, change & challenge 1.
  • Herrich-Schäffer , G.A.W. 1865 . Lepidopterorum index systematicus . Correspondenz-Blatt des zoologisch—mineralogischen Vereines in Regensburg , 19 : 100 – 108 .
  • Howarth , T.G. 1969 . Some African Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) . Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society , 38 : 141 – 156 . (B) 2 pls.
  • Hübner , J. 1818 . Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge 432 – 432 . Augsburg [1819], [Signature 6 of] + 72, [Published 1816–[1826]]
  • Joicey , J.J. and Talbot , G. 1921 . New lepidoptera collected by Mr. T. A. Barns, in east central Africa. 2. New forms of Rhopalocera . Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley , 1 : 44 – 103 . 12 pls.
  • Junod , H.A. 1892 . Sur quelques larves inédites de Rhopalocères Sud-Africains . Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchâtel , 20 : 18 – 31 .
  • Kenway , C. 1929 . Field notes on Euxanthe wakefieldi, Ward and some of the S. African Charaxes, including a new race of xiphares, Cram . Proceedings of the entomological society of London , 4 : 42 – 49 .
  • Kirby , W.F. 1871 . A synonymic catalogue of diurnal lepidoptera [iii] – [iii] . London + iv-v + [vi-viii] + 690
  • Kirby , W.F. 1877 . A synonymic catalogue of diurnal lepidoptera [viii] – [viii] . London Supplement + 691-883
  • Kluge , A.G. and Farris , J.S. 1969 . Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans . Systematic Zoology , 18 : 1 – 32 .
  • Koechlin , J. 1972 . “ Flora and vegetation of Madagascar ” . In Biogeography and ecology in Madagascar Edited by: Battistini , R. and Richard-Vindard , G. 145 – 190 . The Hague In 14 pls, 7 figs.
  • Lande , R. 1980 . Genetic variation and phenotypic evolution during allopatric speciation . American Naturalist , 116 : 463 – 479 .
  • Le Cerf , F. 1923 . Descriptions de formes nouvelles de Lépidoptères rhopalocères . Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris , 29 : 360 – 367 .
  • Le Moult , E. 1933 . Formes nouvelles ou peu connues de Charaxidinae (Lép., Nymph.) (1re note) . Novitates Entomologicae , 3 : 16 – 17 .
  • Lewis , H.L. 1974 . Butterflies of the world [vi] – [vi] . London + vii-xvi + 312
  • Logatchev , N.A. 1976 . “ East African rift system south of Afar. Magmatism—tectonics relationship during the Kenya rift development and the prime cause of mildly alkaline volcanic suite formation ” . In Inter-Union Commission on Geodynamics Scientific Report Edited by: Pilger , A. and Rösler , A. Vol. 16 , 96 – 106 . In Afar between Continental and Oceanic Rifting 4 figs.
  • Lucas , H. 1843 . Observations sur un nouveau genre de la tribu des Nymphalites . Annales de la Societé Entomologique de France , 11 ( 1 ) : 295 – 301 . 3 figs.
  • Mahe , J. 1972 . “ The Malagasy subfossils ” . In Biogeography and ecology in Madagascar Edited by: Battistini , R. and Richard-Vindard , G. 339 – 365 . The Hague In 10 figs.
  • Mayr , E. 1942 . Systematics and the origin of species xiv – xiv . New York + 334, 29 figs.
  • Mayr , E. 1954 . “ Change of genetic environment and evolution ” . In Evolution as a process Edited by: Huxley , J. , Hardy , A.C. and Ford , E.B. 157 – 180 . London In 4 figs.
  • Nelson , G. and Platnick , N. 1981 . Systematics and biogeography cladistics and vicariance xi – xi . New York + [xii-xiv] + 567
  • Nicholson , A.J. 1927 . A new theory of mimicry in insects . Australian Zoologist , 5 : 10 – 104 .
  • Niepelt , W. 1934 . Neue exotische Falter . Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift , 28 : 53 – 56 . 2 figs.
  • Paulian , R. 1956 . Insectes: Lépidoptères: Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Acraeidae . Faune de Madagascar, Tannarive—Tsimbazaza , 2 : 102 – 102 . 2 pls.
  • Pennington , K.M. 1978 . Pennington's butterflies of southern Africa Edited by: Dixon , C.G.C. and Kroon , D.M. 670 – 670 . Johannesburg and London 198 pls
  • Poulton , E.B. 1929 . “ Euxanthe trajanus, Ward, vansomereni subsp. n. ” . In Transactions of the Entomological Society of London Edited by: Eltringham , H. , Poulton , E.B. , Riley , N.D. and Talbot , G. Vol. 77 , 475 – 504 . In African rhopalocera: descriptions and notes 2 pls
  • Raven , P.H. and Axelrod , D.I. 1974 . Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , 61 : 539 – 673 . 5 figs.
  • Rebel , H. 1914 . Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition R. Grauer nach Zentralafrika Dezember 1909 bis Februar 1911. Lepidopteren . Annalen des (K. K.) Naturhistorischen (Hof) Museums, Wien , 28 : 219 – 294 . 8 pls.
  • Rogers , K.St. Aubyn . 1909 . Some bionomic notes on British East African butterflies; with further notes and descriptions by Professor E. B. Poulton, D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S., etc. . Transactions of the Entomological Society of London , 1908 : 489 – 546 . 4 pls.
  • Rogers , K.St. Aubyn . 1910 . Some East African butterflies . Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society , 1 : 41 – 44 . 1 pl
  • Rothschild , W. and Jordan , K. 1898 . A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera . Novitates Zoologicae , 5 : 545 – 601 . 38 figs.
  • Rothschild , W. and Jordan , K. 1903 . A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera . Novitates Zoologicae , 10 : 326 – 342 .
  • Rousseau-Decelle , G. 1934 . De quelques formed nouvelles de Charaxes africains [Lep. Papilionidae] . Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France , 39 : 228 – 236 . 1 pl.
  • Rousseau-Decelle , G. 1938 . Notes sur quelques formes nouvelle de Charaxidinae des faunes éthiopienne et indomalaise (Lep. Nymphalidae) . Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France , 43 : 161 – 168 . 1 pl.
  • Rydon , A.H.B. 1971 . The systematics of the Charaxidae (Lepidoptera: Namphaliodea [sic]) . The entomologist's record and journal of variation , 83 : 283 – 287 .
  • Schwanwitsch , B.N. 1924 . On the ground-plan of wing-pattern in Nymphalids and certain other families of the rhopalocerous Lepidoptera . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 1924 : 509 – 528 . 4 pls.
  • Sevastopulo , D.G. The early-stages of East African Lepidoptera , 6 [Ms] (in BMNH).
  • et al. Leg 25 DSDP Western Indian Ocean Geotimes 1972 17 11 21 24 3 figs.
  • Smart , P. 1976 . The illustrated encyclopedia of the butterfly world [13] – [13] . London, New York, Sydney, Toronto + 14-273
  • Smiles , R.L. 1982 . The taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Polyura Billberg (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology , 44 : 115 – 237 . 159 figs.
  • Snellen , P.C.T. 1882 . Aanteekeningen over Afrikaansche Lepidoptera . Tijdschrift voor Entomologie , 25 : 215 – 234 .
  • Snellen , P.C.T. 1892 . Aanteekeningen over Exotische Lepidoptera . Tijdschrift voor Entomologie , 35 : 1 – 23 .
  • Staudinger , O. 1885 . “ Exotische Tagfalter, Beschreibungen (1) und Abbildungen (2) ” . In Exotische Schmetterlinge Edited by: Staudinger , O. and Schatz , E. Vol. 1 , vi – vi . In + 333, 100 pls, 1 map [Published 1884–88] Bayern.
  • Stichel , H. 1939 . Nymphalidea III: Subfam.: Charaxidinae II, In Bryk, F. . Lepidopterorum Catalogus , 31/32 ( 93 ) : 543 – 794 .
  • Stoneham , H.F. 1943 . New forms of Lepidoptera of the sub-family Charaxidinae, from East Africa . Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum , 46 : 1 – 3 .
  • Strand , E. 1911 . Die im Berliner Museum vorhandenen Ludia-und Holocera—Arten, nebst Beschreibungen weiterer von Prof. Dr. J. Vosseler gesammelter afrikanischer Gross-schmetterlinge . Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris , 25 : 110 – 121 .
  • Turner , J.R.G. 1984 . “ Mimicry: the palatability spectrum and its consequences ” . In Symposia of the Royal Entomological Society of London Edited by: Vane-Wright , R.I. and Ackery , P.R. Vol. 11 , 141 – 161 . In The biology of butterflies 13 figs.
  • Ungemach , H. 1932 . Contribution a l'étude des Lépidoptères d'Abyssinie . Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc , 32 : 1 – 122 . 2 pls.
  • van Someren , V.G.L. 1936 . Butterflies of Kenya and Uganda . Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society , 12 : 147 – 187 . 28 pls.
  • van Someren , V.G.L. 1975 . Revisional notes on African Charaxes, Palla and Euxanthe (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Part X . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology , 32 : 65 – 136 . 19 pls, 9 text-figs., 3 maps.
  • van Someren , V.G.L. and Rogers , K.St. Aubyn . 1928 . The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda, Part vi . Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society , 1927 : 57 – 69 . 6 pls.
  • van Someren , V.G.L. and van Someren , R.A.L. 1926 . The life-histories of certain African Nymphalid butterflies of the genera Charaxes, Palla and Euxanthe . Transactions of the Entomological Society of London , 74 : 333 – 354 . 7 pls.
  • van Son , G. 1979 . The butterflies of Southern Africa Edited by: Vári , L. x – x . Pretoria + 286, 76 pls
  • Van Zinderen Bakker , E.M. 1982 . “ African Palaeoenvironments 18,000 yrs bp ” . In Palaeoecology of Africa and the surrounding islands Edited by: Coetzee , J.A. and Van Zinderen Bakker , E.M. Vol. 15 , 77 – 99 . In
  • Ward , C. 1871 . Descriptions of new species of African diurnal lepidoptera . Entomologist's monthly magazine , 8 : 34 – 36 .
  • Ward , C. 1873 . Descriptions of new species of African diurnal lepidoptera . Entomologist's monthly magazine , 10 : 151 – 152 .
  • Ward , C. 1874 . African lepidoptera, being descriptions of new species 9 – 16 . London (2) 6 pls
  • Watrous , L.E. and Wheeler , Q.D. 1981 . The out-group comparison method of character analysis . Systematic Zoology , 30 : 1 – 11 . 8 figs.
  • Williams , J.G. 1969 . A field guide to the butterflies of Africa 238 – 238 . London 425 figs.
  • Wood , R.C. 1933 . On the mimetic resemblance of the ♀ Nymphaline butterfly Euxanthe wakefieldi to the Danaine Amauris niavius dominicanus, observed in Natal . Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London , 8 : 136 – 137 . [published 1933–34] (p. 137 in 8 (3), published 1934).
  • Wright , S. 1940 . “ The statistical consequences of Mendelian Heredity in relation to speciation ” . In The new systematics Edited by: Huxley , J. 161 – 183 . London In 7 figs.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.