Taxonomy and biology of final-instar larvae of some Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with grasses in the UK

References

• Abdul-Rassoul , M.S. 1976 . Taxonomic studies on the Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) , University of Wales . Unpublished Ph.D. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Al-Sagair , O.A. 1989 . Ecological studies on Tetramesa petiolata (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and its host food plant Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. , University of Wales . Unpublished M.Phil. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Ashmead , W.H. 1888 . A revised generic table of the Eurytominae, with descriptions of new species . Entomologica Americana , 4 : 41 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Ashmead , W.H. 1894 . Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera . Transactions of the American Entomological Society , 21 : 318 – 344 .
   Google Scholar
• Bailey , R. 1967 . Sibling species in the genus Tetramesa (Walker) (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) . Entomologist's Monthly Magazine , 103 : 45 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Boheman , C.H. 1836 . Skandinaviska Pteromaliner . Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar , 1835 : 220 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• Bouček , Z. 1988 . Australian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A Biosystematic Revision of Genera of Fourteen Families, with a Reclassification of Species , 832 – 832 . Wallingford, , UK : CAB International .
   Google Scholar
• Burks , B.D. 1971 . A synopsis of the genera of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) . Transactions of the American Entomological Society , 97 : 1 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Clapham , A.R. , Tutin , T.G. and Moore , D.M. 1989 . Flora of the British Isles , 3rd edn , 688 – 688 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Claridge , M.F. 1959a . A contribution to the biology and taxonomy of the British species of the genus Eudecatoma Ashmead (=Decatoma auct. nec Spinola) (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) . Transactions of the Society for British Entomology , 13 : 149 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Claridge , M.F. 1959b . The identity of Eurytoma appendigaster (Swederus, 1795) (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), together with descriptions of some closely allied species bred from Gramineae . Entomologist's Monthly Magazine , 95 : 2 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Claridge , M.F. 1960 . Synonymy and lectotype selection for two Fabricius species of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) . Entomologiske Meddelser , 24 : 248 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Claridge , M.F. 1961a . An advance towards a natural classification of eurytomid genera (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), with particular reference to British forms . Transactions of the Society for British Entomology , 14 : 167 – 185 .
   Google Scholar
• Claridge , M.F. 1961b . A contribution to the biology and taxonomy of some Palaearctic species of Tetramesa Walker (= Isosoma Walk., = Harmolita Motsch.) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), with particular reference to the British fauna . Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London , 113 : 175 – 216 .
   Google Scholar
• Curtis , J. 1831 . British Entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found London Part 345
   Google Scholar
• Dalman , J.W. 1820 . Försök till Uppställning af Insekt-familjen Pteromalini, i synnerhet med afseende pa de i Sverige funne arter . Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar , 41 : 123 – 177 .
   Google Scholar
• Dawah , H.A. 1986 . The biology and taxonomy of some Chalcidoidea associated with Gramineae , University of Wales . Unpublished Ph.D. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Dawah , H.A. 1987 . Biological species problems in some Tetramesa (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 32 : 237 – 245 .
   Google Scholar
• Dawah , H.A. 1988 . Differentiation between the Eurytoma appendigaster group (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) using electrophoretic esterase patterns . Journal of Applied Entomology , 105 : 144 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan , W. and Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan , J. 1907 . Über due Anatomie und Entwicklung einiger Isosomagallen auf Triticum repens und junceum und über die Biologie der Gallformer . Marcellia , 5 : 68 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Erdös , J. 1952 . Rovartani közlemények. Observationes systematicae supra familiam Eurytomidarum . Folia Entomologica Hungarica , 5 : 109 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Erdös , J. 1955 . Megfigyelesek a nad kartevoivol es azok parazitairol . Allatorvosi Kozlemèyek , 24 : 33 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Erdös , J. 1957 . Ujabb megfigyelesek a nad rovarbiologid rbi . Allatorvosi Kozlemènyek , 46 : 49 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Erdös , J. 1960 . Chalcidoidea II . Fauna Hungariae , 12 : 230 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Erdös , J. 1969 . Aliquot species novae Hungaricae in familia Eurytomidarum (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) . Annales historici-naturales Musei nationalis hungaricae , 61 : 337 – 349 .
   Google Scholar
• Finlayson , T. and Hagen , K.S. 1977 . Final-instar larvae of parasitic Hymenoptera . Pest Management Papers , 10 : 1 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , J.P. 1970 . The biology and taxonomy of some chalcidoid parasites (Hymenoptera) of stem-living larvae of Apion (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) . Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London , 122 : 293 – 322 .
   Google Scholar
• Fitton , M.G. , Graham , M.W.R.de V , Bouček , Z.R.J. , Fergusson , N.D.M. , Huddleston , T. , Quinlan , J. and Richards , O.W. 1978 . A Check list of British Insects: Hymenoptera . Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , 11 ( 4 ) : 1 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• Gauld , I. and Bolton , B. 1988 . The Hymenoptera , 332 – 332 . London/Oxford : British Museum (Natural History)/Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Giraud , J. 1863 . Notices sur les deformations galliformes du Triticum repens et sur les insectes qui les causent du genre Isosoma Walker . Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gessellschaft in Wien , 13 : 1289 – 1296 .
   Google Scholar
• Girault , A.A. 1913 . Diagnoses of new chalcidoid Hymenoptera from Queensland . Archiv für Naturgeschichte , 79 : 90 – 107 . Abt. A, H.6
   Google Scholar
• Girault , A.A. 1915 . Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea, 10. The family Eurytomidae with descriptions of new genera and species . Memoirs of the Queensland Museum , 4 : 238 – 274 .
   Google Scholar
• Girault , A.A. 1917 . Descriptions Stellarum Novarum 22 – 22 . (private printed)
   Google Scholar
• Graham , M.W.R.de V . 1970 . Taxonomic notes on some western Palaearctic Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalciodoidea) . Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) , 39 ( 9–10 ) : 139 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , M.W.R. de V. 1974 . New species of Tetramesa Walker and Eurytoma Illiger from England (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) . Folia Entomologica Hungarica, Rovartani Közlemények , 27 : 73 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins , B.A. 1988 . Species diversity in the third and fourth trophic levels: patterns and mechanisms . Journal of Animal Ecology , 57 : 137 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins , B.A. 1990 . Global patterns of parasitoid assemblage size . Journal of Animal Ecology , 59 : 57 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins , B.A. , Askew , R.R. and Shaw , M.R. 1990 . Influences of host-feeding niche and foodplant type on generalist and specialist parasitoids . Ecological Entomology , 15 : 275 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• Hedicke , H. 1920 . Beiträge zu einer Monographie der paläarktischen Isosominen (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) . Archiv für Naturgeschichte , 86 ( 11 ) : 1 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Hedicke , H. 1924 . Die Isthmosominocecidien, von Isthmosominen verursachte Pflanzengallen und ihre Erzeuger . Zoologica , 24 : 637 – 973 .
   Google Scholar
• Henneicke , K. 1990 . The taxonomy and biology of final instar larvae of some Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) associated with grasses , University of Wales . Unpublished M. Phil. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Hubbard , G.E. 1954 . Grasses. A guide to their Structure, Identification, Uses and Distributions in the British Isles , 463 – 463 . London : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Illiger , D.C. 1807 . Vergleichung der Gattungen der Hautflüger, Piezata Fabr. Hymenoptera Linn . Jur. Magazin für Insektenkunde (Illiger) , 6 : 189 – 199 .
   Google Scholar
• Illiger , D.C. 1807 . Vergleichung der Gattungen der Hautflügler, Piezata Fabr. Hymenoptera Linn. . Jur. Magazin für Insektenkunde (Illiger) , 6 : 189 – 199 .
   Google Scholar
• James , H.C. 1927 . the life history and bionomics of a British phytophagous chalcidoid of the genus Harmolita (Isosoma) . Annals of Applied Biology , 14 : 132 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Mayr , G. 1878 . Arten der Chalcidier-Gattung Eurytoma durch Zucht erhalten . Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien , 28 : 297 – 334 .
   Google Scholar
• Moncreaf , H. 1871 . Notes on gall-makers and their parasites . Entomologist , 5 : 239 – 240 .
   Google Scholar
• Motschulsky , V. de . 1863 . Essai d'un catalogue des insectes de l'île Ceylan . Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou , 36 : 1 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Nikol'skaya , M.N. 1952 . The chalcid fauna of the U.S.S.R. (Chalcidoidea) 593 – 593 . [Translated from the Russian by A. Birron and Z. S. Cole in 1963. Published for the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. and the Smithsonian Institution by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations]
   Google Scholar
• Noyes , J.S. 1990a . A word on chalcidoid classification . Chalcid Forum , 13 : 6 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Noyes , J.S. 1990b . The number of described chalcidoid taxa in the world that are currently regarded as valid . Chalcid Forum , 13 : 9 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Ong'aro , J.M. 1988 . The taxonomy and biology of some species related to Eurytoma appendigaster (Swederus) (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) associated with Gramineae , University of Wales . Unpublished M.Sc. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Parker , H.L. 1924 . Recherches sur les formes postembryonnaires des chalcidiens . Annales de la Société Entomologique de France , 93 : 261 – 379 .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , H.L. 1951 . Parasites of the lima-bean pod borer in Europe . United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin , 1036 : 1 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , W.J. 1920 . Studies on the life history and habits of the jointworm flies of the genus Harmolita (Isosoma), with recommendations for control . United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin , 808 : 1 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , W.J. 1927 . Eurytoma parva (Giraud) Phillips and its biology as a parasite of the wheat jointworm, Harmolita tritici (Fitch) . Journal of Agricultural Research Washington , 34 : 743 – 758 .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , W.J. 1936 . A second revision of chalcid flies of the genus Harmolita (Isosoma) of Anerica north of Mexico, with descriptions of 20 new species . United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin , 518 : 1 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , W.J. and Emery , W.T. 1919 . A revision of the chalcid flies of the genus Harmolita of America north of Mexico . Proceedings of the United States National Museum , 55 : 433 – 471 .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , W.J. and Poos , F.W. 1922 . Five new species belonging to the genus Harmolita Motschulsky (Isosoma Walker) . Kansas University Science Bulletin , 14 : 350 – 353 .
   Google Scholar
• Pinto , B.A. , Velton , R.K. and Oatman , E.O. 1989 . Phenotypic plasticity and taxonomic characters in Trichogramma (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 82 : 414 – 425 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , H.T. 1934 . The biology and distribution in France of the larval parasites of Cydia pomonella L. . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 20 : 201 – 256 .
   Google Scholar
• Roskam , J.C. 1982 . Larval characters of some eurytomid species (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) . Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen , 85 : 293 – 305 .
   Google Scholar
• Schlechtendal , D.H.R.von . 1891 . Die Gallbildungen (Zoocecidien) der deutschen Gefässpflanzen. Eine Bearbeitung zum Bestimmen derselben . Jahresberichte des Vereins für Naturkunde Zwickau , 1890 : 1 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Schmeil , O. and Fitschen , J. 1982 . Flora von Deutschland und seinen angrenzenden Gebieten , Edited by: Rauh , W. and Senghas , K. Vol. 87 , 611 – 611 . Heidelberg : Quelle & Meyer . Auflage, überarbeitet von
   Google Scholar
• Short , J.R.T. 1952 . The morphology of the head of larval Hymenoptera with special reference to the head of Ichneumonoidea, including a classification of the final instar larvae of the Braconidae . Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London , 103 ( 2 ) : 27 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Silvestri , F. 1920 . Contribuzione alla conoscenza del parassiti delle ova del grilletto canterino (Oecanthus pellucens Scop.) . Bolletino del Laboratorio di zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d' agricultura , 14 : 219 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Snodgrass , R.E. 1935 . Principles of Insect Morphology , 667 – 667 . New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Spinola , M. 1811 . Essai d'une classification générale des Diplolepaires . Annales du Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris , 17 : 145 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Swedurus . 1795 . Beskrifning pa et nytt Genus Pteromalus ibland Insecterna; (Forts.) . Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar , 16 : 216 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Szelenyi , G. von . 1974 . A study of the type material of some Palaearctic Eurytoma species (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) . Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae , 20 : 207 – 218 .
   Google Scholar
• Varley , G.C. 1937 . Description of the eggs and larvae of four species of chalcidoid Hymenoptera parasitic on the knapweed gall-fly . Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) , 6 : 121 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , F. 1832 . Monographia Chalciditum . Entomologist's Monthly Magazine , 1 : 12 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , F. 1834 . Monographia Chalciditum . Entomologist's Monthly Magazine , 2 : 148 – 179 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , F. 1836 . Monographia Chalciditum . Entomologist's Monthly Magazine , 4 : 9 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , F. 1842 . Descriptions of Chalcidites . Entomologist , 1 : 334 – 339 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , F. 1844 . Descriptions of some British Chalcidites . Annals and Magazine of Natural History , 14 : 18 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker F. List of the specimens of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum London1848 i iv Part 11, Chalcidites. Additional species and 99–237
   Google Scholar
• Walker , F. 1871 . Notes on Chalcidiae. Part I, Eurytomidae: 1–18; Part II, Eurytomidae and Torymidae 19 – 36 . London
   Google Scholar
• Zerova , M.D. 1972 . New and little known species of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from the U.S.S.R. . Vestnik Zoologii , 1972 : 37 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Zerova , M.D. 1976 . Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea family Eurytomidae, subfamilies Rileyinae and Harmonlitinae . Fauna SSSR n.s. , 7 : 1 – 23 . Leningrad
   Google Scholar
• Zerova , M.D. 1978 . Parasitic Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae . Fauna Ukraini , 11 : 1 – 465 .
   Google Scholar
• Zerova , M.D. and Fursov , V.N. 1991 . The Palaearctic species of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) developing in stone fruits (Rosaceae: Prunoidae) . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 81 : 209 – 219 .
   Google Scholar