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Original Articles

Appraisal of Land’s Work on Two-Primary Colour Projections

Pages 125-140 | Published online: 22 Jul 2016

References

  • Edwin H. Land, Colour Vision and the Natural Image Parts I and II. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sciences, 45, 115, 636, (1959).
  • Francis Bello, An Astonishing Now Theory of Colour, Fortune, (May) 1959, p. 144.
  • The numbers are those used by Land to identify the individual experiments. The experiments omitted from this summary are those in which no objects were perceived.
  • D. Eatz, Die Erscheinungsweisen der Farben und ihre Beeinflus-sung durch die individuelle Erfahrung. Z. Psychol. Erganzungsbd. 7, (1911); D. Kau. Der Aulbau der Farbuell (Barth, Leipzig, (IS) 1930).
  • K. L. Kelly, Colour Designations for lights. J. Research Natl. Bur. Standards 31, 271 (1943), RP1565.
  • H. v. HelmholtZ, Physiological Optics (Optical Society of America, 1924), Vol. 2, p. 265 ff.
  • J. C. Maxwell, On the Theory of Compound Colours and the Relations of the Colours of the Spectrum, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 10, 404. 484, (1860).
  • W. D, Wright, The Measurement and Analysis of Colour Adaptation, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B115, 194 (1934).
  • R. W. G. Hunt. The Effects of Daylight and Tungsten light-Adaption on Colour Perception, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 40, 362 (1950).
  • D. L. MacAdani, Perceptions of Colours in Projected and Televised Pictures, J. Soc. Motion Picture Television Engrs., 65, 455 (1956).
  • R. W. Burnham, R. M. Evans, and S. M. Newhall, Prediction of Colour Appearance with Different Adaptation Illuminations, J. Opt. Sue. Am., 47, 35. (1957).
  • D. Jameson and L. M. Hurvich, Some Quantitative Aspects of an Apponent-Colours Theory. III. Change in Brightness, Saturation, and hue with Chromatic Adaptation, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 46, 405, (1956).
  • Selig Hecht, The Nature of Foreal Dark Adaptation, J. Gen. Physiol., 4. 113, (1921).
  • L. Riggs, F . Ratliff, J. C. Cornsweet, and T. N. Cornsweet, The Disappearance of Steadily Fixated Visual Test Objects, J. Opt. Soe. Am., 43, 495, (1953).
  • R. W. Ditchburn, Eye-Movements in Relation to Perception of Colour, in Symposium on Visual Problems of Colour. National Physical Laboratory (Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, I958S), Vol. II, p. 415.
  • H. Bocksch. Duplizitätstheorie und Fabenkonstanz, A. Psychol, 102, 338 (1927).
  • A. Gelb, Die “Farbenkonstanz der Sehdinge,” in Bethe Handbuch der normalen untl pathologischen Physiologie, Receplionsorgane II (Verlab Julius Springe , Berlin. 1929), 12/1, p. 594.
  • E. R. Jaensch, Ueber den Farheukontrast und die sog. Berüch-sichtigung der farbigen Belenchtung, Z., Sinnesphysiol, 51, 165 (1921).
  • T. L. Troland, A. J. Physiol. Opt., 7, 375 (1926).
  • T. Haack, Kontrast und Transformation, Z. Psychol., 112, 93 (1929).
  • E. R. Jaensch and F. Wiegand, Die Beziehung von Kontrast und transformation. Arch. ges. Psychol., 85, 95 (1932).
  • S. W. Kravkov, Ueber die Richtung der Farbenlransformalion, Psychol. Forsch., 10, 20 (1927).
  • O. Kroh, Ueber Farbenkonslanz und Farbentransformation, Z. Sinncsphysiol., 52, 181, 235 (1921).
  • G. Marzynski. Studien zur Zentralen Transformation der Farben, Z. Psychol., 87, 45 (1921).
  • S. W. Kravkov, Ueber ein Grundgesetz der Farben-transforma-tion, Psychol. Forsch., 16, 160 (1932).
  • L. Kardos, Versuch einer Malhematischen Analyse von Gesetzcn des Farbensehens. Nähere Bestimmung des Funktionalen Ver-hältrisses Zwischen Farhenerlebnis und Reizgesampheit, Z. Sinnesphysiol., 66, 182 (1935).
  • J. Pikler, Das Augenhullenlicht als Mass der Farben, Z. Psychol., 120, 189 (1931); 125., 90 (1932).
  • D. B. Judd, Some Colour Demonstrations I have Shown, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 49, 322 (1959); Land’s tentative suggestion is mentioned on p. 327.
  • H. Helson, Some Factors and Implications of Colour Constancy, J. Opt. Sue. Am., 33, 555 (1943).
  • H. Helson, Fundamental Problems in Colour Vision. 1. The Principle Governing Changes in Hue Saturations, and Lightness of Non-Selective Samples in Chromatic Illumination, J. Exptl. Psychol., 23, 439 (1938).
  • H. Helson and W.C. Michels, The Effect of Chromatic Adaptation on Achromaticity, J. Opr. Am., 38, 1025 (1948).
  • D. B. Judd, Hue, Saturation, and Lightness of Surface Colours with Chromatic Illumination, J. Research Natl. Bur. Standards, 24, 293 (1940); also J. Opt. Sac. Am., 30, 2 (1940).
  • A. A. Kruithof and P. J. Bouma. Hue Estimation of Surface Colours as Influenced by the Colours of the Surroundings, Physica, 9, 957 (1942).
  • I am glad to acknowledge the assistance of my colleague, Dr. Gerald L. Howell, who carried out the computations.
  • G. K. Adams, An Experimental Study of Memory Colour and Related phenomena, Am. J. Psychol,. 34, 359 (1923).
  • Ducos de Hauron. La Triplice Photographique (Paris, 1897), p. 214.
  • See reference 19. That Troland had anticipated Land’s experiment 20 by more than 30 years is shown by this quotation (p. 376 ff) “A very interesting breakdown of the illusion occurs when the colour pictures are badly out of register. . . . When this lack of register becomes sufiiciently bad, the entire picture assumes the aspect of a patchwork of red and green without any important variations in hue. . . . The out-of-register picture represents nothing with which we are familiar and consequently we cannot draw upon the colour correcting and stabilizing mechanisms which have to be established in the brain by past experience. The observation is one of the most convincing ones which the writer has ever seen to demonstrate the very important part which central activities play in perception.”
  • R. M. Evans, Visual Processes and Colour Photography, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 33, 592 (1943).
  • I. T. Troland. Preliminary Note: The Influence of Changes of illumination upon After-Images,Am. J. Psychol., 28, 497 (1917).
  • R. M. Evans, An Introduction to Colour (New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1948), Plate VI, opposite p. 144.

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