Assessing Personality in the DSM–5: The Utility of Bipolar Constructs

References

• American Psychiatric Association . 1952 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th ed. , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Allik , J. 2005 . Personality dimensions across cultures . Journal of Personality Disorders , 19 : 212 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashton , M. C. and Lee , K. 2007 . Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure . Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11 , : 150 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Blais , M. A. 1997 . Clinician ratings of the five-factor model of personality and the DSM–IV personality disorders . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 185 : 388 – 393 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blashfield , R. K. and Intoccia , V. 2000 . Growth of the literature on the topic of personality disorders . American Journal of Psychiatry , 157 : 472 – 473 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver , C. S. , Scheier , M. F. and Segerstrom , S. C. 2010 . Optimism . Clinical Psychology Review , 30 : 879 – 889 . doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi , A. , Roberts , B. W. and Shiner , R. L. 2005 . Personality development: Stability and change . Annual Review of Psychology , 56 : 453 – 484 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , L. A. 1993 . Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , L. A. 2005 . Temperament as a unifying basis for personality and psychopathology . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 114 : 505 – 521 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , L. A. 2007 . Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorder: Perennial issues and an emerging reconceptualization . Annual Review of Psychology , 58 : 227 – 257 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , L. A. and Krueger , R. F. 2010 . Rationale for a six-domain trait dimensional diagnostic system for personality disorder Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.0rg/ProposedRevisions/Pages/RationaleforaSix-DomainTraitDimensionalDiagnosticSystemforPersonalityDisorder.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Clark , L. A. , Livesley , W. J. , Schroeder , M. L. and Irish , S. L. 1996 . Convergence of two systems for assessing specific traits of personality disorder . Psychological Assessment , 8 : 294 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloninger , C. R. 2008 . The psychobiological theory of temperament and character: Comment on Farmer and Goldberg (2008) . Psychological Assessment , 20 : 292 – 299 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , P. T. Jr. 2008 . “ Just do it: Replace Axis II with a diagnostic system based on the five-factor model of personality ” . In Dimensional models of personality disorders: Refining the research agenda for DSM–V , Edited by: Widiger , T. A. , Simonsen , E. , Sirovatka , P. J. and Regier , D. A. 195 – 198 . Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , P. T. Jr. and McCrae , R. R. 1992 . Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI–R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO–FFI) professional manual , Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Dillard , A. J. , Midboe , A. M. and Klein , W. M. P. 2009 . The dark side of optimism: Unrealistic optimism about problems with alcohol predicts subsequent negative event experiences . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 35 : 1540 – 1550 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2010 . “ DSM–5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group ” . In Personality and personality disorders Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.0rg/ProposedRevisions/pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=470
   Google Scholar
• First , M. B. 2010 . Commentary on: Krueger and Eaton's “Personality traits and the classification of mental disorders: Toward a more complete integration in DSM–V and an empirical model of psychopathology”: Real-world considerations in implementing an empirically-based dimensional model of personality in DSM–5 . Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment , 1 : 123 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Flegal , J. N. , Carroll , M. D. , Ogden , C. L. and Johnson , C. L. 2002 . Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2000 . Journal of the American Medical Association , 288 : 1723 – 1727 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frances , A. J. 1993 . Dimensional diagnosis of personality—Not whether, but when and which . Psychological Inquiry , 4 : 110 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Golden , N. H. , Jacobson , M. S. , Sterling , W. M. and Hertz , S. 2008 . Treatment goal weight in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: Use of BMI percentiles . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 41 : 301 – 306 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haigler , E. D. and Widiger , T. A. 2001 . Experimental manipulation of NEO PI–R items . Journal of Personality Assessment , 77 : 339 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopwood , C. J. , Morey , L. C. , Ansell , E. B. , Grilo , C. M. , Sanislow , C. A. , McGlashan , T. H. and … Skodol , A. E. 2009 . The convergent and discriminant validity of five-factor traits: Current and prospective social, work, and recreational dysfunction . Journal of Personality Disorders , 23 : 466 – 476 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John , O. P. , Naumann , L. P. and Soto , C. J. 2008 . “ Paradigm shift to the integrative big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues ” . In Handbook of personality , 3rd ed. , Edited by: John , O. P. , Robins , R. W. and Pervin , L. A. 1114 – 1158 . New York, NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Krueger , R. F. and Johnson , W. 2008 . “ Behavioral genetics and personality: A new look at the integration of nature and nurture ” . In Handbook of personality , 3rd ed. , Edited by: John , O. P. , Robins , R. W. and Pervin , L. A. 287 – 310 . New York, NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Kwapil , T. R. , Barrantes-Vidal , N. and Silvia , P. J. 2008 . The dimensional structure of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales: Factor identification and construct validity . Schizophrenia Bulletin , 34 : 444 – 457 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahey , B. B. 2009 . Public health significance of neuroticism . American Psychologist , 64 : 241 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavie , C. J. , Milani , R. V. and Ventura , H. O. 2009 . Obesity and cardiovascular disease . Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 21 : 1925 – 1932 .
   Google Scholar
• Livesley , W. J. 2001 . “ Conceptual and taxonomic issues ” . In Handbook of personality disorders: Theory, research, and treatment , Edited by: Livesley , W. J. 3 – 38 . New York, NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Livesley , W. J. and Jackson , D. 2009 . Manual for the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology–Basic Questionnaire , Port Huron, MI : Sigma Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lynam , D. R. and Widiger , T. A. 2001 . Using the five factor model to represent the DSM–IV personality disorders: An expert consensus approach . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 110 : 401 – 412. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynam , D. R. and Widiger , T. A. 2007 . Using a general model of personality to identify basic elements of psychopathy . Journal of Personality Disorders , 21 : 160 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markon , K. E. , Krueger , R. F. and Watson , D. 2005 . Delineating the structure of normal and abnormal personality: An integrative hierarchical approach . Personality and Individual Differences , 88 : 139 – 157 .
   Google Scholar
• McCrae , R. R. and Costa , P. T. 2008 . “ The five factor theory of personality ” . In Handbook of personality , 3rd ed. , Edited by: John , O. P. , Robins , R. W. and Pervin , L. A. 159 – 181 . New York : NY :Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• McCrae , R. R. , Terracciano , A. and 78 members of the Personality Profiles of Cultures Project . 2005 . Universal features of personality traits from the observer's perspective: Data from 50 cultures . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 88 : 547 – 561 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millon , T. 1981 . Disorders of personality: DSM–III: Axis II , New York, NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Millon , T. , Weiss , L. and Millon , C. 2004 . Millon Index of Personality Styles revised manual , Minneapolis, MN : NCS Pearson .
   Google Scholar
• O'Connor , B. P. 2005 . A search for consensus on the dimensional structure of personality disorders . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 61 : 323 – 645 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozer , D. J. and Benet-Martinez , V. 2006 . Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes . Annual Review of Psychology , 57 : 401 – 421 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piedmont , R. L. , Sherman , M. F. , Sherman , N. C. , Dy-Liacco , G. and Williams , J. E. G. 2009 . Using the five-factor model to identify a new personality disorder domain: The case for experiential permeability . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 96 : 1245 – 1258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincus , A. L. 2002 . “ Constellations of dependency within the five-factor model of personality ” . In Personality disorders and the Five-factor model of personality , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Costa , P. T. Jr. and Widiger , T. A. 203 – 214 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Pryor , L. R. , Miller , J. D. and Gaughan , E. T. 2009 . Testing two alternative pathological personality measures in the assessment of psychopathy: An examination of the SNAP and DAPP–BQ . Journal of Personality Disorders , 23 ( 1 ) : 85 – 100 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts , B. W. and DelVecchio , W. F. 2000 . The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies . Psychological Bulletin , 126 : 3 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , B. W. , Wood , D. and Caspi , A. 2008 . “ The development of personality traits in adulthood ” . In Handbook of personality , 3rd ed. , Edited by: John , O. P. , Robins , R. W. and Pervin , L. A. 375 – 398 . New York, NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , S. R. , Lutz , C. J. and Bailey , S. E. 2002 . Positive and negative symptoms of schizotypy and the five-factor model: A domain and facet level analysis . Journal of Personality Assessment , 79 : 53 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuel , D. B. , Simms , L. J. , Clark , L. A. , Livesley , W. J. and Widiger , T. A. 2010 . An item response theory integration of normal and abnormal personality scales . Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment , 1 : 5 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuel , D. B. and Widiger , T. A. 2004 . Clinicians’ descriptions of prototypic personality disorders . Journal of Personality Disorders , 18 : 286 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuel , D. B. and Widiger , T. A. 2008 . A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM–IV–TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis . Clinical Psychology Review , 28 : 1326 – 1342 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuel , D. B. and Widiger , T. A. 2010 . Comparing personality disorder models: Cross-method assessment of the FFM and DSM–IV–TR . Journal of Personality Disorders , 24 : 721 – 745 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Samuel , D. B. and Widiger , T. A. in press . Conscientiousness and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder . Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment ,
   Google Scholar
• Sanderson , C. J. and Clarkin , J. F. 2002 . “ Further use of the NEO PI–R personality dimensions in differential treatment planning ” . In Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Costa , P. T. and Widiger , T. A. 351 – 375 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Saulsman , L. M. and Page , A. C. 2004 . The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic review . Clinical Psychology Review , 23 : 1055 – 1085 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simms , L. J. , Goldberg , L. R. , Roberts , J. E. , Watson , D. , Weste , J. and Rotterman , J. H. 2011/this issue . Computerized adaptive assessment of personality disorder: Introducing the CAT–PD Project . Journal of Personality Assessment , 93 : 380 – 389 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simms , L. J. and Clark , L. A. 2005 . Validation of a computerized adaptive version of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) . Psychological Assessment , 17 : 28 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skodol , A. E . 2009 . Report of the DSM–5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group (April, 2009) Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.0rg/progressreports/pages/0904reportofthedsm-vpersonalityandpersonalitydisordersworkgroup.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Tackett , J. L. , Silberschmidt , A. L. , Krueger , R. F. and Sponheim , S. R. 2008 . A dimensional model of personality disorder: Incorporating DSM cluster A characteristics . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 117 : 454 – 459 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellegen , A. 1988 . The analysis of consistency in personality assessment . Journal of Personality , 56 : 621 – 663 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesfaye , F. , Nawi , N. G. , Van Minh , H. , Byass , P. , Berhane , Y. , Bonita , R. and Wall , S. 2007 . Association between body mass index and blood pressure across three populations in Africa and Asia . Journal of Human Hypertension , 21 : 28 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trull , T. J. and Durrett , C. A. 2005 . Categorical and dimensional models of personality disorder . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 1 : 355 – 380 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villemarette-Pittman , N. R. , Stanford , M. S. , Greve , K. W. , Houston , R. L. and Mathias , C. W. 2004 . Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder and behavioral disinhibition . The Journal of Psychology , 138 : 5 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , D. , Clark , L. A. and Chmielewski , M. 2008 . Structures of personality and their relevance to psychopathology: II. Further articulation of a comprehensive unified trait structure . Journal of Personality , 76 : 1485 – 1522 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. 2008 . WAIS–IV administration and scoring manual , San Antonio, TX : Pearson .
   Google Scholar
• Widiger , T. A. , Costa , P. T. Jr. and McCrae , R. R. 2002 . “ A proposal for Axis II: Diagnosing personality disorders using the five-factor model ” . In Personality disorders and the Five-factor model of personality , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Costa , P. T. Jr. and Widiger , T. A. 431 – 456 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Widiger , T. A. , De Clercq , B. and De Fruyt , F. 2009 . Childhood antecedents of personality disorder: An alternative perspective . Development and Psychopathology , 21 : 771 – 791 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widiger , T. A. , Livesley , W. J. and Clark , L. A. 2009 . An integrative dimensional classification of personality disorder . Psychological Assessment , 21 : 243 – 255 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widiger , T. A. and Samuel , D. B. 2005 . Diagnostic categories or dimensions: A question for DSM–V . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 114 : 494 – 504 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widiger , T. A. and Simonsen , E. 2005 . Alternative dimensional models of personality disorder: Finding a common ground . Journal of Personality Disorders , 19 : 110 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widiger , T. A. and Trull , T. J. 2007 . Plate tectonics in the classification of personality disorder: Shifting to a dimensional model . American Psychologist , 62 : 71 – 83 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiggins , J. S. and Pincus , A. L. 1989 . Conceptions of personality disorders and dimensions of personality . Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 1 : 305 – 316 .
   Google Scholar
• Yamagata , S. , Suzuki , A. , Ando , J. , One , Y. , Kijima , N. , Yoshimura , K. and … Jang , K. L. 2006 . Is the genetic structure of human personality universal? A cross-cultural twin study from North America, Europe, and Asia . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 90 : 987 – 998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zachar , P. 2000 . Psychiatric disorders are not natural kinds . Philosophy, Psychiatry, Psychology , 7 : 167 – 182 .
   Google Scholar